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1350-911X
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0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 45, Issue 22, 22 October 2009
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Volume 45, Issue 22
22 October 2009
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- Author(s): T.A. Wey and S. Benderli
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1103 –1104
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.2174
- Type: Article
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An amplitude modulation circuit architecture featuring a recently published titanium dioxide (TiO2) memristor is proposed. The circuit performance is analysed and simulated with the published physical memristor model under the condition of linear dopant drift. The simulated results demonstrate that the performance is well predicted by the mathematical analysis and supports the viability of the design.
Amplitude modulator circuit featuring TiO2 memristor with linear dopant drift
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- Author(s): J. Zhu and G.V. Eleftheriades
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1104 –1106
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.2107
- Type: Article
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A simple dual-band metamaterial-inspired small monopole antenna is proposed for WiFi applications. In addition to the regular monopole resonance, the metamaterial-inspired loading is exploited to create a second resonance for the lower WiFi band while maintaining the antenna's small form-factor. The measured S parameters and radiation patterns show that the proposed design is suitable for emerging WLAN applications. - Author(s): B.-H. Sun ; Y.-F. Wei ; S.-G. Zhou ; Q.-Z. Liu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1106 –1107
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.2218
- Type: Article
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A low-profile antenna, with horizontally-polarised radiation similar to a dipole antenna with a reflector in proximity, is presented for application in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The antenna has a simple structure comprising two folded strips (a radiating strip and a feeding strip). Resonance and impedance matching is achieved by adjusting the capacitive loads located at the ends of the radiating strip and adjusting the coupling of the feeding strip to the radiating strip. A prototype with height of 30 mm (0.05 λ) and a lateral size of 160×50 mm2 (0.27×0.083 λ2) is implemented, which shows that an impedance bandwidth of 11 MHz (500–511 MHz) within 2.0:1 VSWR and good radiation performance are obtained. - Author(s): B. Sanz-Izquierdo ; E.A. Parker ; J.-B. Robertson ; J.C. Batchelor
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1107 –1109
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.2264
- Type: Article
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A novel biasing technique is described for active frequency selective slot arrays. The bandpass response can be switched between transmitting and reflecting modes, or tuned over a predetermined frequency range using two different biasing circuit configurations based on the same technology. The biasing layer is separated from the slot layer by a very thin, flexible, substrate while pin and varactor diodes are employed for switching and tuning, respectively. One application is the time-dependent modification of the EM architecture of buildings, permitting access to frequency bands as desired. - Author(s): Z.H. Hu ; C.T.P. Song ; J. Kelly ; P.S. Hall ; P. Gardner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1109 –1110
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.2737
- Type: Article
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Presented is an antenna that allows independent and versatile dual frequency and bandwidth reconfiguration by using simple external matching circuits. Simulations suggest that the antenna has a total tuning range of 2118 MHz (from 778 to 2896 MHz) while maintaining a return loss above 6 dB. In addition, the antenna is capable of operating as a penta-band cellular phone antenna. This kind of antenna is typically required to work within the GSM900, GPS1575, GSM1800, PCS1900 and UMTS2100 bands.
Dual-band metamaterial-inspired small monopole antenna for WiFi applications
Low-profile and horizontally-polarised antenna for UAV applications
Tuning technique for active FSS arrays
Wide tunable dual-band reconfigurable antenna
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- Author(s): J.-H. Han ; X. Liu ; C.G. Song ; J.U. Kang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1110 –1112
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1627
- Type: Article
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A simple common path optical coherence tomography using a fibre optic bundle as a probe is demonstrated experimentally. The mechanical lateral scans are accomplished outside the specimen, proximal entrance of the fibre bundle, which eliminated the need for moving parts in the distal end of the probe. This feature allows the probe to be made submillimetre in size and easily integrated into surgical tools for intraoperative imaging. The axial and lateral resolutions of the system, and preliminary images of phantom samples, are reported. - Author(s): P. Georgiou and C. Toumazou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1112 –1113
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.2310
- Type: Article
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The use of hot-electron injection as a method for programming the threshold voltages of CMOS based ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) in standard pH buffer solution is presented. This method allows compensation of large threshold voltage variations generally seen with ISFETs fabricated in unmodified CMOS due to the presence of trapped charge, enabling operation of the device using nominal supply voltage as well as reduction of mismatch between devices when fabricating ISFET arrays. Fabricated in a 0.35 µm CMOS process, threshold voltage shifts of up to 2.8 V have been achieved in a pH 7 buffer solution. - Author(s): J.M. Miguel-Jiménez ; S. Ortega ; L. Boquete ; J.M. Rodríguez-Ascariz ; R. Blanco
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1113 –1115
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1195
- Type: Article
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Glaucomatous optic neuropathy is probably one of the most prevalent chronic ophthalmologic diseases, affecting more than 5% of the population over 60 years of age. Early-stage glaucoma may be detected by studying local responses from many different areas of the retina, obtained by means of multifocal electroretinography (multifocal ERG), a new functional diagnostic technique. The described multifocal ERG waveform analysis, involved extracting waveform identity patterns and a neural network classifier, and allows detection of early glaucoma visual field defects.
Common path optical coherence tomography with fibre bundle probe
ISFET threshold voltage programming in CMOS using hot-electron injection
Multifocal electroretinography: structural pattern analysis and early glaucoma detection
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- Author(s): J.P. Fonseka and E.M. Dowling
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1115 –1116
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.0919
- Type: Article
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An improved mapping policy is introduced that alternates between standard and inverted bit mapping functions at selected phase states to reduce the error coefficient of continuous phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK) signals. The proposed policy can be applied to many different forms of CPFSK signals. It is demonstrated that the mapping policy can significantly improve performance, particularly at lower to moderate SNR values.
Improved mapping policy for reducing error coefficient in CPFSK signals
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- Author(s): G. Pan ; Y. Zhang ; Z. Wu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1116 –1118
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.2301
- Type: Article
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A novel algorithm to recognise human identities via gait by body-worn accelerometers is presented. It uses acceleration information to measure human gait dynamics. Acceleration-based gait recognition is a non-intrusive biometric measurement, which is insensitive to changes of lighting conditions and viewpoint. The proposed algorithm first extracts signature points from gait acceleration signals, and then identifies the gait pattern using a signature point-based voting scheme. Experiments with a data set of 30 subjects show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms other existing methods and achieves a high recognition rate of 96.7% for the case of five accelerometers.
Accelerometer-based gait recognition via voting by signature points
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- Author(s): T.T. Le ; L.W. Cahill ; D.M. Elton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1118 –1119
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.0281
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a new method for implementing multimode interference couplers with arbitrary power splitting ratios on silicon on insulator technology. The devices are verified and optimised using the three dimensional beam propagation method.
Design of 2×2 SOI MMI couplers with arbitrary power coupling ratios
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- Author(s): S. Moumdji ; A. Larrue ; D. Belharet ; P. Dubreuil ; S. Bonnefont ; O. Gauthier-Lafaye ; Y. Rouillard ; A. Vicet
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1119 –1121
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.2129
- Type: Article
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Long wavelength GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb quantum wells lasers have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy and processed into ridge cavities coupled by an intracavity photonic crystal mirror, to enhance the laser spectral properties. The devices operate in the continuous-wave regime at room temperature with a single frequency emission at 2.6 µm.
2.6 µm GaSb based photonic crystal coupled cavity lasers
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- Author(s): H.-J. Song ; K. Ajito ; A. Hirata ; A. Wakatsuki ; Y. Muramoto ; T. Furuta ; N. Kukutsu ; T. Nagatsuma ; Y. Kado
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1121 –1122
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.2186
- Type: Article
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8 Gbit/s wireless data transmission using a 250 GHz millimetre-wave carrier signal is demonstrated. Photonic devices and technologies, including an electro-optic modulator and J-band uni-travelling-carrier photodetector (UTC-PD) module, were used for the transmitter. In addition, a high-efficiency Schottky barrier diode detector monolithically integrated with a ring slot antenna was developed and fabricated for the receiver on the same epi-layer as the UTC-PD. - Author(s): Y.-H. Yu and Y.-J.E. Chen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1122 –1124
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1985
- Type: Article
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The development of a low-temperature poly-silicon (LTPS) process for thin film transistors (TFT) has led to the potential of embedding integrated circuits on active-matrix liquid-crystal displays. A divide-by-four frequency divider with a wide operation range is realised in 3 µm LTPS TFT technology. The operating frequency range of the divider covers from 1 kHz to 2.8 MHz. The core circuit area of the divider is 0.21 × 2.3 mm. - Author(s): T.B. Lim and L. Zhu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1124 –1125
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1416
- Type: Article
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A differential-mode ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter on a microstrip line is proposed and implemented with good common-mode suppression. A sixth-stage branch-line differential-mode bandpass filter is designed with the specified UWB passband. By introducing two pairs of open-circuited stubs in the symmetrical plane, the differential-mode frequency response remains unchanged but its common-mode counterpart is reshaped to achieve the stopband in the overall UWB. A filter is then fabricated for experimental verification of the proposed technique. - Author(s): J. Jung and J. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1125 –1127
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.2111
- Type: Article
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By using a merged process of a heterojunction bipolar transistor and a field effect transistor (BiFET), a stage-bypass power amplifier (PA) for wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) application has been developed. The size of the PA was reduced by integrating control logic circuits on a single BiFET monolithic microwave integrated circuit with virtually identical performance compared to a previous work. Adopting the stage-bypass technique, this work accomplished remarkable average current reduction compared to a typical class-AB PA, thus contributing to extended operation time.
8 Gbit/s wireless data transmission at 250 GHz
Divide-by-four frequency divider in poly-Si thin film transistor technology
Differential-mode ultra-wideband bandpass filter on microstrip line
Fully integrated 3×3 mm BiFET stage-bypass power amplifier for WCDMA handset application
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- Author(s): Z. Ma ; P. Fan ; E.G. Larsson ; B. Honary
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1127 –1128
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.2069
- Type: Article
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The maximum-likelihood multiple-symbol differential detector (ML-MSDD) has better bit-error-rate performance than many other detectors for differential modulation. Unfortunately, the computational complexity of ML-MSDD quickly becomes prohibitive as the observation window size grows. While low-complexity MSDD algorithms for the time-invariant Rayleigh fading channel have been considered before, there is a need for low-complexity MSDD algorithms for general time-varying Rayleigh fading channels. A polynomial-time complexity approach called semi-definite relaxation (SDR) is employed to achieve differential detection with near maximum-likelihood (ML) performance. The proposed SDR quasi-maximum-likelihood (QML) multiple-symbol differential detection (SDR-QML-MSDD) is efficient in that its complexity is polynomial in the observation window size, even in the worst case, while it exhibits almost the same performance as ML-MSDD does.
Quasi-maximum-likelihood multiple-symbol differential detection for time-varying Rayleigh fading channel
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- Author(s): I. Shakya ; F.H. Ali ; E. Stipidis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1129 –1130
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.0884
- Type: Article
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A novel scheme referred to as collaborative space-time spreading is proposed to provide a higher than unity rate with spatial diversity gain for the downlink of a CDMA system operating in a fading channel. This is achieved by performing collaborative coding and spreading over groups of T users, each of which is assigned a single orthogonal spreading sequence and followed by space-time encoding on the total composite signal of all groups. A user terminal simply despreads the incoming signal to recover the composite T-user group data and then extracts its intended data after space-time and collaborative decoding. Extensive comparisons with other relevant schemes are provided to show the superiority of this approach. - Author(s): G.S. Choi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1130 –1132
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1399
- Type: Article
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A simple algorithm that accelerates maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding of a punctured turbo code is proposed. A turbo code consists of a data bit stream and a plurality of parity bit streams, some of which possibly had components removed by puncturing. The proposed method performs pre-decoding and re-encoding to find omitted parity symbols of the received sequence. This protocol provides a turbo-coded system of between rate-1/2 and rate-1/3. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the number of iterations, which is equivalent to the decoding delay, to 50% for approaching a bit error rate (BER) of approximately 3.38 × 10−3 at 1.0 dB.
Collaborative space-time spreading scheme for higher than unity rate CDMA downlink
Simple MAP acceleration using pre-decoding for punctured turbo code
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- Author(s): F. Gomez-Agis ; O. Raz ; S.J. Zhang ; E. Tangdiongga ; L. Zimmermann ; K. Voigt ; C. Vyrsokinos ; L. Stampoulidis ; H.J.S. Dorren
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1132 –1133
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.2340
- Type: Article
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Error-free operation of an all-optical wavelength converter at 160 Gbit/s based on a semiconductor optical amplifier and a silicon-on-insulator photonic circuit, consisting of two cascaded Mach-Zehnder delay interferometers, is demonstrated. - Author(s): L. Liu ; X.B. Hong ; Y.W. Yin ; J. Wu ; J.T. Lin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1134 –1135
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1281
- Type: Article
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The first demonstration of a dynamic application-aware labelled optical burst switched network is reported. With the implementation of three novel mechanisms, i.e. dynamic session initiation protocol peer-to-peer hybrid resource discovery and management, dynamic end-to-end label switched path setup and dynamic offset time, the network can support various emerging applications with high efficiency and scalability. - Author(s): M.V. Drummond ; J.D. Reis ; R.N. Nogueira ; P.P. Monteiro ; A.L. Teixeira ; S. Shinada ; N. Wada ; H. Ito
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1135 –1137
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.2383
- Type: Article
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Tunable wavelength conversion of a 160 Gbit/s signal by means of cascaded sum frequency generation/difference frequency generation was performed on a periodically-poled lithium niobate waveguide. Operation at room temperature (25°C) is demonstrated. A maximum power penalty of 2.1 dB for a bit error rate of 10−9 was achieved over a wavelength range of 29 nm.
All-optical wavelength conversion at 160 Gbit/s using SOA and silicon-on-insulator photonic circuit
Demonstration of dynamic application-aware labelled optical burst switched network
Error-free wavelength conversion at 160 Gbit/s in PPLN waveguide at room temperature
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- Author(s): Devender ; D.P. Pulsifer ; A. Lakhtakia
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1137 –1138
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.2049
- Type: Article
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Multiple surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waves were experimentally observed for the first time at the planar interface of a metal thin film and a chiral sculptured thin film assembled in the Kretschmann configuration. All launched SPP waves had the same frequency but different phase speeds.
Multiple surface plasmon polariton waves
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- Author(s): Z.H. Fu ; C.P. Joshi ; A.H. Titus
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1138 –1140
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.2038
- Type: Article
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A real-time pH detection and monitoring sensor system using a novel design neuromorphic CMOS optical sensor chip is presented. The system uses Bogen's universal indicator solution combined with a white light source and the CMOS optical sensor chip to measure pH as a function of colour change in a sample. Bogen's universal indicator solution causes a colour change in a sample according to the pH of the sample. The output voltage from the colour-sensitive CMOS photodetector circuit on the chip is proportional to the pH of the sample. Experimental results show that this sensor system can determine the pH of a sample from pH 1 to 9 in real-time. The sensor chip is implemented in AMI 1.5 µm CMOS technology available through MOSIS.
CMOS-based colour-change pH measurement system
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- Author(s): G. Giustolisi and G. Palumbo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1140 –1141
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1220
- Type: Article
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A low-voltage low drop-out (LDO) voltage regulator is proposed. It is based on an NMOS output stage and exploits dynamic biasing for obtaining low-voltage (1.2 V) and low drop-out (200 mV) features. It does not require any external compensation capacitor and is able to deliver 50 mA with capacitive loads up to 10 nF. The circuit topology is discussed and experimental results are given. - Author(s): S. Kim and J. Jeong
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1141 –1143
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1855
- Type: Article
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A reconfigurable 1:3 power divider is presented using quarter-wave long coupled lines and switches. The proposed power divider allows dual operating mode, or a 1:3 power divider and 1:0 power transmission mode, by turning the switches on and off. To make a high power-division ratio of three realisable and improve the bandwidth, a microstrip-slot structure is adopted on a thick substrate with high dielectric constant. The measurement of the proposed power divider shows good return and insertion loss performance in both modes.
Dynamic-biased capacitor-free NMOS LDO voltage regulator
Reconfigurable 1:3 power divider using coupled lines
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- Author(s): S.Y. Li ; C. Li ; B.C. Zhu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 22, p. 1143 –1144
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1813
- Type: Article
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A polar format tomographic method employed for far-field radar cross-section (RCS) extraction is presented. The image processing and far-field RCS extraction are both performed by the polar format tomographic method. Numerical results demonstrate an improvement of the accuracy and robustness of the extracted far-field RCS in comparison to the method with tomographic Cartesian image processing.
Polar format tomographic method for far-field RCS extraction
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