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Electronics Letters
Volume 45, Issue 18, 27 August 2009
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Volume 45, Issue 18
27 August 2009
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- Author(s): Y. Haga and I. Kale
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 917 –918
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1382
- Type: Article
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A power-efficient rail-to-rail CMOS analogue voltage buffer is presented. It consists of a complementary pair of super source followers, but a bulk-driven input device with the replica-biased scheme is utilised to eliminate the DC level shift, quasi-floating gate transistors to achieve class-AB performance, and a current switch which shifts between the complementary pair to allow rail-to-rail operation. The proposed buffer has been designed for a 0.35 µm CMOS technology to operate at a 1.8 V supply voltage. Simulated results are provided to demonstrate the total harmonic distortion for a 1.6 Vpp 100 kHz sine wave with a 68pF load is as low as −46 dB, while the static current consumption remains under 8 µA. - Author(s): N. Uddin and A. Thiede
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 918 –920
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.0971
- Type: Article
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A differential amplifier with an input stage of a common gate cross-coupled differential type is presented. The first and the two other common source differential stages are connected via single-ended source follower type level shifting buffers. Feedback circuitry is added to compensate the offset owing to the process, temperature and supply mismatches of the transistors at the input differential stage. The amplifier is designed using OMMIC ED02AH GaAs technology having a semi-insulating substrate which is advantageous for monolithic integration of low-loss passive elements such as loops. The realised amplifier achieves a gain of greater than 28 dB over a bandwidth of 10 GHz. - Author(s): N. Sasidhar ; R. Inti ; P.K. Hanumolu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 920 –921
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1342
- Type: Article
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A new low-noise CMOS oscillator architecture is presented. The oscillator comprises of a loop formed by a switched capacitor integrator which sets the control voltage to a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). The VCO output provides a clock for the integrator, thus closing the feedback loop. Phase noise reduction is obtained by suppressing the VCO noise by the feedback loop. Design considerations and simulation results supporting the architecture are presented. - Author(s): A. Moradi ; R. Raut ; G.E.R. Cowan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 921 –923
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1637
- Type: Article
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A new technique for temperature compensation of Gm-C filters is presented. Using negative feedback the Gm-cells' transconductance is locked to the reciprocal of a resistance array. Temperature dependency of the Gm/C ratio, which determines the unity-gain frequency, is minimised by arranging the temperature dependency of the resistors. Unique properties of a proposed resistive bridge allow for the synthesis of temperature coefficients beyond the range of coefficients of constituent elements. With a set of practical elements a variation of only 0.66% in Gm/C has been achieved over −40 to 120°C.
CMOS buffer using complementary pair of bulk-driven super source followers
Common gate cross-coupled differential amplifier for near-field sensors
Low-noise self-referenced CMOS oscillator
Temperature compensation of Gm-C filters using resistive bridge
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- Author(s): S.-L. Chen ; K.-H. Lin ; R. Mittra
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 923 –924
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1873
- Type: Article
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A planar and miniature (0.09λ×0.13λ) radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna is described whose radiation pattern is near omni-directional in three dimensions, with less than 2.6 dB gain deviation in all directions. The antenna is comprised of an open-loop radiating element, which is excited by a small loop. The minimum and maximum read ranges of the implemented RFID tag are approximately 2.3 and 2.6 m, respectively. Comparison between the simulated and measured results for the radiation and read patterns are shown to be in good agreement. - Author(s): P. Liu and Y. Long
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 924 –926
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1723
- Type: Article
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A time domain (TD) solution for the analysis of the multiple-diffraction is presented. This proposed solution is based on representation of the inverse Laplace transform of the corresponding frequency domain solution, as it is given by a hybrid of UTD-PO solutions. The TD results can be applied in pulse propagation analysis when multiple-diffraction has to be considered. - Author(s): Z.-J. Tang and Y.-G. He
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 926 –928
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.0387
- Type: Article
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A novel single-layer passive RFID tag antenna for the resonant frequency 2.45/2.41 GHz using a square microstrip patch with a pair of U and T slots is proposed, which is suitable for attaching to metallic objects. The proposed antenna was fabricated with a thin copper layer printed on a thin lossy FR4 substrate for low-cost production. The dimensions of the proposed antenna are around 35×35 mm. The antenna shows near-linear phase characteristics, 250 MHz bandwidth under the condition of voltage standing-wave ratio less than 2 and it covers all RFID microwave bands. The gain of the proposed antenna is 2.0–2.2 dBi for worldwide RFID microwave bands. Half-power bandwidth is about 108°. - Author(s): S. Chaimool and K.L. Chung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 928 –929
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1390
- Type: Article
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By coupling a stub-loaded open-loop resonator onto the back of a CPW-fed mirrored-L monopole, a novel triple-band planar antenna has been achieved and is presented. The proposed antenna features a compact structure with reasonable gains. The measured bandwidths for the distinct triple-band are 2.27–2.87 GHz, 3.4–4.15 GHz and 5.11–6.7 GHz. Omnidirectional radiation patterns for the three bands are observed. Simulations are confirmed by the experimental results, which ensure that the proposed antenna is well suited for WiFi and WiMAX applications. - Author(s): W.-C. Liu and J.-K. Chen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 929 –931
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1968
- Type: Article
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By using twin stepped-patch radiators and a protruded ground, a microstrip-fed monopole antenna with wide dual-band operation can be obtained. The proposed antenna with an overall size of 32×25 mm can excite resonances at the 2.61 and 5.52 GHz bands with impedance bandwidths of 710 MHz (2.32–3.03 GHz) and 1.56 GHz (4.77–6.33 GHz), average antenna gains of 2.9 and 3.5 dBi, respectively, and also monopole-like radiation patterns. These properties make the antenna suitable for 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN applications. - Author(s): Y.B. Jung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 931 –932
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1247
- Type: Article
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A novel waveguide-type polariser with an oval shaped cross-section that is inclined at a ±45° angle for right-handed and left-handed circular polarisation is presented. Because of the oval cross-section, the polariser can be easily fabricated by mechanical processing with considerable performance. The proposed polariser structure is fabricated and tested using a pyramidal horn with a square aperture. This horn antenna will be applied to a feeder design with electrical beam scanning for a mobile satellite antenna terminal.
Miniature and near-3D omnidirectional radiation pattern RFID tag antenna design
Time domain UTD-PO solution for multiple building diffraction for UWB signals
Broadband microstrip antenna with U and T slots for 2.45/2.41 GHz RFID tag
CPW-fed mirrored-L monopole antenna with distinct triple bands for WiFi and WiMAX applications
Dual-band twin stepped-patch monopole antenna for WLAN application
Ka-band polariser structure and its antenna application
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- Author(s): S. Gao ; Y. Gao ; H. Fu ; D. Chen ; S. He
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 932 –934
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1690
- Type: Article
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A novel method of microwave frequency up/downconversion is proposed for microwave/millimetre-wave-based radio-over-fibre (RoF) systems. The uplink and downlink are both based on dual-wavelength single-longitudinal-mode fibre laser modulation and heterodyning, which provides the possibility to realise bidirectional RoF transmissions.
Microwave frequency up/downconversion based on dual-wavelength fibre laser
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- Author(s): J. Chai ; H. Liu ; Z. Bao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 934 –935
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1423
- Type: Article
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Supervised feature extraction (SFE) algorithms can be divided into two categories: those optimised by global criteria and those optimised by local ones. Proposed is a new approach designed by integrating global and local criteria, namely, combinatorial discriminant analysis (CDA), to perform SFE. It is shown that CDA inherits both the robustness of global criteria and the flexibility of local ones. Experimental comparisons with typical global and local SFE algorithms on real-world datasets empirically justify the superiority of CDA. - Author(s): Á. Utasi and L. Czúni
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 935 –937
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1000
- Type: Article
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Novel robust statistical methods for detecting irregular camera events in time-multiplexed video streams are presented. Hidden Markov and hidden semi-Markov model based real-time detectors have been developed for video segmentation and anomalous event detection. The performance of the detectors has been demonstrated with real-life outdoor videos recorded by low-quality cameras. - Author(s): G. Cheng and L. Cheng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 937 –939
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1210
- Type: Article
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A novel reduced reference image quality assessment method is described. Natural images obey very specific distributions in the gradient domain, where some statistical features of the reference image are extracted and sent to the receiver side. The distortion measure for the distorted image is defined by a comparison of these features. The proposed method is generally aimed at all distortion types. Experimental results show that the method performs well compared with other popular methods.
Combinatorial discriminant analysis: supervised feature extraction that integrates global and local criteria
Detecting irregular camera events in time-multiplexed videos
Reduced reference image quality assessment based on dual derivative priors
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- Author(s): H.P. Le ; K. Shah ; J. Singh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 939 –940
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.0930
- Type: Article
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The design and implementation of a fully on-chip wideband low-noise amplifier (LNA) using 0.25 µm silicon-on-sapphire technology is reported. The LNA is optimised for minimum noise figure (NF). Measurement results indicate that the LNA achieves an NF from 0.29 to 1.09 dB over 1.1 GHz-band with a minimum gain of 13.6 dB at a 2.5 V power supply.
Broadband ultra-low-noise amplifier for square kilometre array application
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- Author(s): T. Takaoka ; M. Fujimura ; T. Suhara
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 940 –941
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1693
- Type: Article
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A simple fabrication method of adhered LiNbO3 ridge waveguides by accelerated etching of the proton-exchanged region is proposed and demonstrated. The waveguides were fabricated and tested at 1.55 µm wavelength. Strongly confined guided modes were obtained. The waveguides are suitable for efficient nonlinear-optic wavelength conversion devices.
Fabrication of ridge waveguides in LiNbO3 thin film crystal by proton-exchange accelerated etching
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- Author(s): L. Shterengas ; G. Kipshidze ; T. Hosoda ; J. Chen ; G. Belenky
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 942 –943
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1827
- Type: Article
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Type-I double-quantum-well GaSb-based diode lasers operating at 3 µm with room-temperature continuous-wave output power above 300 mW and peak power-conversion efficiency near 8% were designed and fabricated. Laser heterostructure comprised quinary AlGaInAsSb alloy as barrier and waveguide material. Use of quinary alloy resulted in adequate hole confinement. The waveguide thickness was chosen to maximise modal differential gain. Continuous-wave threshold current density about 100 A/cm2 per quantum-well and slope efficiency of 100 mW/A were demonstrated at 17°C. - Author(s): B.-A. Yu ; C. Jung ; I.S. Kim ; Y.L. Lee ; N.E. Yu ; D.-K. Ko
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 943 –945
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.0861
- Type: Article
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A compact-packaged diode-pumped Nd:YVO4/KTP microchip green laser is demonstrated, which is specially designed for application to mobile projection displays. By adopting two independent built-in thermoelectric coolers, the wavelength of the pump laser diode and the cavity resonance of the microchip can be adjusted for optimal operation. The volume of the laser is less than 0.7 cm3 and the average power of 35.7 mW is achieved under the condition of modulation frequency of 60 Hz, duty ratio of 25%, and peak current of 600 mA.
Diode lasers emitting at 3 µm with 300 mW of continuous-wave output power
Temperature-controlled efficient microchip green laser for mobile projection displays
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- Author(s): S. Hongwei and M. Imae
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 945 –946
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.0087
- Type: Article
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Multi-channel modems have been used in Asian two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT). To make full use of data in multi-channel TWSTFT and improve the precision of TWSTFT, a new method to process data is presented. The precision of the multi-channel TWSTFT is compared with that of the single-channel TWSTFT, and the results show that it achieves an improvement.
Improvement of precision on two-way satellite time and frequency transfer
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- Author(s): E. Cavus and B. Daneshrad
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 946 –948
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1338
- Type: Article
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A computationally efficient algorithm for the decoding of low-density parity check codes is introduced. Instead of updating all bit and check nodes at each decoding iteration, the developed algorithm only updates unreliable check and bit nodes. A simple reliability criteria is developed to determine the active bit and check nodes per decoding iteration. Based on the developed technique, significant computation reductions are achieved with very little or no loss in the BER performance of the LDPC codes. The proposed method can be implemented with a slight modification to the sum–product algorithm with negligible additional hardware complexity.
Computationally efficient decoding of LDPC codes
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- Author(s): Q.T. Nguyen ; P. Besnard ; L. Bramerie ; J.-C. Simon ; A. Shen ; G.H. Duan ; C. Kazmierski
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 948 –949
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1678
- Type: Article
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A 100 GHz spaced comb, generated by a quantum dash passively modelocked laser, is used as a low-noise coherent seeding source for the colourless wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network based on injection-locked Fabry-Pérot laser diodes. Error-free downstream transmission over 25 km singlemode fibre of 12 WDM channels at 2.5 Gbit/s with 100 GHz channel spacing is experimentally demonstrated. - Author(s): F. Amaya ; J. Martinez ; X. Yu ; I.T. Monroy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 949 –951
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1511
- Type: Article
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A distributed fibre Raman amplified long reach optical access feeder link using a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier in the remote base station is experimentally demonstrated for supporting WiMAX-over-fibre transmission. The measured values for the error vector magnitude for quadrature phase shift keying and 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation after 40 km of fibre transmission meet the IEEE 820.16 standard requirements - Author(s): C. Lethien ; C. Loyez ; J.-P. Vilcot ; P.-A. Rolland
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 951 –952
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1584
- Type: Article
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The work reported deals with the demonstration of the use of high modal bandwidth OM4 multimode fibre as multi-purpose transmission media for short-range indoor or outdoor applications taking advantage of the wavelength division multiplexing concept. Simultaneous transmission of a digital 10GbE signal and a radio-frequency multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ultra-wide band (band group 5) signal at 480 Mbits has been successfully achieved over 1.1 km fibre length without any error and with relative constellation error (RCE) less than 5.5% rms, respectively. Concerning the radio signal, an additional 1 m-long wireless path has also been demonstrated that led to an overall RCE value of 7.2%. - Author(s): P.D. Grant ; S.R. Laframboise ; R. Dudek ; M. Graf ; A. Bezinger ; H.C. Liu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 952 –954
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1586
- Type: Article
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An all photonic terahertz communication link operating at 3.8 THz using a quantum cascade laser and quantum well photodetector has been demonstrated. The link consists of a quantum cascade laser transmitter and a quantum well photodetector receiver. The link was used to transmit audio through 2 m of room air. Carrier strength at the photodetector was 100 times greater than the noise level measured.
30 Gbit/s downstream capacity of cost-effective colourless WDM-PON based on injection-locked Fabry-Pérot lasers
Hybrid RSOA and fibre Raman amplified long reach feeder link for WiMAX-on-fibre
Multi-service applications on high modal bandwidth glass multimode fibre
Terahertz free space communications demonstration with quantum cascade laser and quantum well photodetector
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- Author(s): C. Holmes ; D.O. Kundys ; J.C. Gates ; C.B.E. Gawith ; P.G.R. Smith
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 954 –956
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1305
- Type: Article
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An integrated direct UV written apodised planar Bragg grating reflector with 154 GHz (1.23 nm) of thermo-optic tuning in the C-band and a response speed 31 GHz/ms is demonstrated. The degree and speed of tuning of the fabricated device indicates potential application in dynamic optical networks, as an optical add-drop multiplexer.
150 GHz of thermo-optic tuning in direct UV written silica-on-silicon planar Bragg grating
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- Author(s): Y. He
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 956 –957
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.0787
- Type: Article
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A study on the negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) recovery of a pMOSFET under variable body bias (VBB) is presented. The forward body bias enhanced NBTI recovery mechanism is proposed with evidence on the VBB dependency. Further, the influence of surface potential and the gate oxide electric field on the recovery indicated that the relaxation of the positive charge and interface trap played a different role in the NBTI recovery stage. It is shown that the forward VBB technique can achieve improvement in terms of drive capability and NBTI lifetime. - Author(s): M. Daraee ; M. Moradi ; M. Hajian ; M. Rastgoo ; M.A. Forghani
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 957 –958
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.0969
- Type: Article
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The different etching conditions of In face and Sb face of an InSb semiconductor by (HF:H2O2:H2O, 1∶1∶4) referred to as (3H) for the fabrication of the IR–FPA array based on mesa etching are presented. Results indicate that lateral etching on the Sb face is considerably less than on In face and so is more appropriate for this application.
Effect of variable body bias technique on pMOSFET NBTI recovery
Effects of 3H etchant on InSb A and B sides for array fabrication
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- Author(s): S.J. Ban and S.W. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18, p. 958 –959
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1556
- Type: Article
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By minimising the weighted Wilcoxon norm instead of the weighted Euclidean norm as the cost function, two new Wilcoxon adaptive algorithms are presented. The simulation results in a system identification scenario clearly indicate that the proposed algorithms have superior performance compared with the conventional algorithms when the system output data are contaminated by outliers and the input data are highly correlated.
Wilcoxon adaptive algorithms for robust identification
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