Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 44, Issue 11, 22 May 2008
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Volume 44, Issue 11
22 May 2008
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- Author(s): A. Maity ; N. Yamamura ; J. Knight ; A. Patra
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 655 –656
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080537
- Type: Article
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A wideband error amplifier topology with increased DC-gain and reduced quiescent current consumption is presented. The reduction in quiescent current consumption is achieved by lowering the output stage current, which helps to increase the output impedance and hence the overall DC-gain of the amplifier. Simulation results show that the proposed topology has 60 dB DC gain and 540 MHz unity gain bandwidth with 450 µA quiescent current consumption. The experimental result of the loop-gain of a high-frequency (20 MHz) DC–DC buck converter that utilises the proposed topology also confirms the simulation results. - Author(s): J. Ramírez-Angulo ; C.I. Luján-Martínez ; C. Rubia-Marcos ; R.G. Carvajal ; A. López-Martin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 656 –658
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080996
- Type: Article
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A high-performance rail-to-rail sample and hold circuit is presented. It is based on a class AB fully differential rail-to-rail differential difference amplifier. Experimental results of a test chip in 0.5 µm CMOS technology show that it has SFDR=69.5 dB with ±1.25 V supplies, 2 MHz clock and 2Vpp, 200 kHz input signals.
High-gain wideband error amplifier topology for DC–DC buck converter switching at 20 MHz
Rail-to-rail fully differential sample and hold based on differential difference amplifier
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- Author(s): M.R. Chaharmir and J. Shaker
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 658 –659
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080910
- Type: Article
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A reflectarray antenna composed of a combination of cross and rectangle loops of variable size printed on a conductor-backed substrate is presented. Using this type of cell element, a wideband, single-layer reflectarray is fabricated and measured. The bandwidth performance of this reflectarray is comparable to the previously reported best figures for reflectarrays using stacked-patch cell elements. Measured results demonstrate a radiation efficiency close to 60% and a 1 dB gain bandwidth of 24%, centred at Ku-band. - Author(s): S. Palud ; F. Colombel ; M. Himdi ; C. Le Meins
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 659 –661
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080231
- Type: Article
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A novel and compact conical shaped antenna having semi-wire structure is proposed. The wires composing the conical shape are bent in order to minimise the height of the antenna. Simulations and measurements exhibit a 8.6:1 impedance bandwidth (100–860 MHz) with VSWR below 2.1:1, omnidirectional radiation patterns and high gain values in spite of the small size of the structure. - Author(s): M. Benedetti ; R. Azaro ; A. Massa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 661 –662
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20083689
- Type: Article
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The architecture of a fully-adaptive smart antenna working in the 2.4 GHz band is described and its functionalities preliminarily assessed. The radiating unity consists of an eight-element linear array of dipoles with a finite reflecting plane. The adaptive behaviour is achieved by means of a set of electronically-driven vector modulators that realise the array weights. The capability to react in real-time to complex interference scenarios is provided by an SW control module based on the particle swarm optimiser (PSO) algorithm. To assess the effectiveness of such an implementation, a selected set of results is reported and discussed. - Author(s): J. Jung ; H. Lee ; Y. Lim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 663 –664
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080173
- Type: Article
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A modified helix chip antenna is presented for WiBro and WLAN applications. The impedance and radiation characteristics of the antenna are investigated. The antenna is formed on both sides of the substrate (3.5×8×0.8 mm, FR4). The measured results show that the proposed antenna has a bandwidth of 290 MHz (2.26–2.55 GHz) and a maximum radiation gain of 1.468 dBi. - Author(s): M.H. Jamaluddin ; R. Gillard ; R. Sauleau ; P. Dumon ; L. Le Coq
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 664 –665
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080346
- Type: Article
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A new low-loss reflectarray element based on a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) loaded with a metallic strip etched on the top of the DRA is presented. The strip behaves as a parasitic element, and by adjusting its length, the desired reflected phase is achieved. A set of DRA samples were fabricated and measured in C-band. A low loss (less than 0.9 dB) is demonstrated when the phase is varied. It is also shown that the loss is much higher (up to 5 dB) when the strip is directly printed on a dielectric substrate with the same characteristics.
Broadband reflectarray with combination of cross and rectangle loop elements
Compact multi-octave conical antenna
Experimental validation of fully-adaptive smart antenna prototype
Modified helix chip antenna for WiBro and WLAN applications
Reflectarray element based on strip-loaded dielectric resonator antenna
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- Author(s): K.-H. Cheng ; C.-W. Su ; S.-W. Lu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 665 –667
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080622
- Type: Article
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A wide-range synchronous mirror delay (SMD) with arbitrary input duty cycle is presented. The proposed SMD utilises the time-to-digital converter for a frequency-range selector and a multiband delay monitor circuit to achieve a wide range of operating frequencies. The simulation results show that the operating frequency is from 200 MHz to 1 GHz and the static phase error is 6.7 ps. The locking time is less than eight clock cycles: two cycles with coarse tune and six cycles with fine tune.
Wide-range synchronous mirror delay with arbitrary input duty cycle
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- Author(s): A. Boyer ; L. Roy ; E. Sicard ; B. Tamer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 667 –669
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080836
- Type: Article
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Two new miniature near-field ‘cube probe’ structures for EMC/EMI measurements are proposed. Their performances are compared to those of the classical H-field loop probe in two orthogonal planes. The single cube probe effectively replaces three conventional orthogonally oriented loops. An array of cube probes is also proposed to form a near-field scan module dedicated to the characterisation of integrated circuit radiated emissions.
Cube probe structures for integrated near-field scanner module
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- Author(s): K. Hogari ; Y. Yamada ; K. Toge
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 669 –670
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080332
- Type: Article
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An ultra-high-density 1000-fibre cable is proposed, which uses mono-coated low-bending-loss optical fibres with a diameter of 0.25 mm. This cable has great advantages in terms of cable weight and diameter and will be easy to install in a small space in underground ducts. The selection of optical fibre with an optimum low bending loss and cable reliability are investigated experimentally for this cable in order to achieve the maximum fibre density and high reliability. A 1000-fibre cable with a fibre density of 5 fibre/mm2 and a cable diameter of 15.8 mm was obtained.
Ultra-high-density 1000-fibre cable with 5 fibre/mm2
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- Author(s): Y.T. Wang ; D.Z. Zhang ; J.W. Tian
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 670 –671
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20083624
- Type: Article
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A novel scheme called topological clustering is presented to discard SIFT mismatches, based on the topological relationship consistence between two SIFT matches. The experimental results show that the developed method can extract high correct ratio matches efficiently from low correct ratio initial matches for wide baseline image pairs. - Author(s): T.-J. Kim and J.-W. Suh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 671 –673
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20083473
- Type: Article
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H.264/AVC employs a rate-distortion (RD) optimisation technique to determine the best coding mode for each macroblock (MB). An intra-mode skip decision algorithm is presented based on RD costs of the SUB8×8 mode and the I4MB mode to reduce the processing time. Experimental results on test video sequences show that the computational complexity has been reduced by about 20%, with nearly negligible loss of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) value. - Author(s): Y. Zheng and Y. Liu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 673 –674
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20081167
- Type: Article
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A quantitative analysis of the deviation between the projected sphere centre (i.e. the projection of the centre of a sphere) and the perspective elliptical contour centre (i.e. the centre of the elliptical contour of the sphere's projection) is presented. This analysis helps to determine how much error arises from the widely applied approximation to substitute the latter for the former.
Discarding wide baseline mismatches via topological clustering
Efficient intra-mode skip algorithm using RD costs of SUB8×8 and I4MB
Extent projected sphere centre deviates from perspective elliptical contour centre
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- Author(s): R. Cárdenas ; R. Peña ; P. Wheeler ; J. Clare
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 674 –676
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080446
- Type: Article
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The reactive power capability of a variable speed wind energy conversion system (WECS), based on an induction generator fed by a matrix converter is presented. A simplified analysis is performed neglecting the system losses. It is demonstrated that the maximum reactive power that can be supplied to the grid is ∼40% of the nominal power. The results obtained in this work are experimentally validated using a 3 kW experimental prototype.
Reactive power capability of WECS based on matrix converter
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- Author(s): H. Moon and I. Nam
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 676 –678
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080404
- Type: Article
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A new NMOS cross-coupled LC-VCO with parallel PMOS transistors is proposed. The proposed LC-VCO is useful for suppressing flicker noise upconversion and very suitable for low voltage application. It is implemented in 0.18 µm CMOS technology and has superior characteristics to a conventional complementary LC-VCO. Measured phase noise is −93 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz and −116 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offsets and its core current is only 2 mA for a 1.3 V supply voltage.
1.3 V low close-in phase noise NMOS LC-VCO with parallel PMOS transistors
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- Author(s): T. Schlauch ; M. Li ; M.R. Hofmann ; A. Klehr ; G. Erbert ; G. Tränkle
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 678 –679
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080953
- Type: Article
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The generation of high peak power femtosecond pulses from an all semiconductor laser system is demonstrated. The system is based on a passively modelocked two-section laser diode in an external cavity, a tapered amplifier and a compact external pulse compressor. Pulse durations are achieved below 600 fs with an average optical power above 500 mW at a repetition rate of 330 MHz. This corresponds to a peak power of 2.5 kW, which is the highest value reported for an all semiconductor ultrafast laser system so far. - Author(s): S. Freisem ; G. Ozgur ; K. Shavritranuruk ; H. Chen ; D.G. Deppe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 679 –681
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080656
- Type: Article
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Data are presented showing that a quantum-dot laser diode can achieve a continuous-wave room-temperature threshold current density as low as 11.7 A/cm2. The broad-area laser diode operates at a wavelength of 1.22 µm and delivers a power level of 0.42 W with 40% maximum slope efficiency in p-up mounting without heatsinking. Spectral measurements indicate the onset of stimulated emission at ∼6 A/cm2.
High peak power femtosecond pulses from modelocked semiconductor laser in external cavity
Very-low-threshold current density continuous-wave quantum-dot laser diode
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- Author(s): W. Liu ; W.-Y. Chen ; W.-P. Zhang ; X.-G. Huang ; Z.-R. Zhang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 681 –683
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080528
- Type: Article
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A novel micromotor is described, in which the gear-shaped pyrolytic graphite rotor is levitated, rotated and constrained by the combination of static magnetic, electrostatic forces and torques. Two concentric ring-shaped permanent magnets are presented, which are used for realising the static magnetic field. By the microelectromechanical systems process, the metal electrodes, pads and SU-8 column post were fabricated on the silicon substrate above the magnets. The stator was assembled by the silicon and the magnets. The three-phase axial variable-capacitance motor principle was applied for driving the rotor. The rotor is stably levitated to a height of about 0.70 mm over the magnets. When a 30 V driving voltage was added, the rotor speed was over 10 rpm in atmosphere.
Variable-capacitance micromotor with levitated diamagnetic rotor
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- Author(s): P.N. Mohammed ; J.J. Knuble ; J.R. Piepmeier
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 683 –684
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080113
- Type: Article
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An analogue system has been developed for radio frequency interference (RFI) detection in microwave radiometers. The detector measures the higher order moments of the signal and the kurtosis measurement is used to determine the presence of RFI. The hardware comprises a square-law detector and a high-speed analogue multiplier. Because the circuit uses only analogue components at radio and/or intermediate frequencies, it can easily augment conventional radiometer architectures used in both airborne and spaceborne instruments. - Author(s): W. Xue ; F. Öhman ; S. Blaaberg ; Y. Chen ; S. Sales ; J. Mørk
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 684 –685
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080878
- Type: Article
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A broadband microwave photonic phase shifter is presented based on the polarisation properties of a Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator and nonlinear polarisation rotation in a semiconductor optical amplifier. The system can realise about 150° phase shift in the frequency range from 50 MHz to 19 GHz. - Author(s): J. An ; G.-M. Wang ; C.-X. Zhang ; P. Zhang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 685 –687
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20083730
- Type: Article
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Any two ports of a lossless reciprocal three-port network can be matched and let another one be mismatched completely. The composite right-/left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) has the dual-band property because of its unique hyperbolic–linear dispersion relation. Based on the dual-band property, a novel three-port diplexer is proposed by combining two three-port networks operating at different frequencies. Theoretically, such a three-port diplexer can be designed to operate at two arbitrary frequencies. The simulation results show that the three-port diplexer can separate two different frequencies effectively, and simulation results are found to be consistent with measurement results. - Author(s): L. Chiu and Q. Xue
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 687 –688
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080975
- Type: Article
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A new parallel-strip 90° hybrid coupler is proposed. By integrating swap into the two-section branch line coupler, the bandwidth is enhanced to be close to that of the four-section coupler. A working prototype designed at 1 GHz is realised and measured. Good agreement between the simulation and measurement is achieved.
Analogue kurtosis detector for radio-frequency interference in microwave radiometers
Broadband microwave photonic phase shifter based on polarisation rotation
Diplexer using composite right-/left-handed transmission line
Wideband parallel-strip 90° hybrid coupler with swap
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- Author(s): J. Kingsley ; A. Allan ; Y. Li ; B. Vucetic ; J. Yuan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 689 –690
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080616
- Type: Article
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Conventional space–time turbo trellis coding (STTuTC) schemes allocate transmit power equally to the available antennas. This is not optimal if channel state information (CSI) is available at the transmitter. A STTuTC scheme is considered with partial CSI knowledge that optimally allocates power to the transmit antennas. This scheme is referred to as STTuTC with dynamic transmit power allocation (STTuTC/DTPA). The optimum four-state constituent code and power allocation are presented. Simulation results show that the STTuTC/DTPA scheme with the new code outperforms conventional STTuTC schemes. - Author(s): C. Ciochina ; D. Castelain ; D. Mottier ; H. Sari
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 690 –691
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080444
- Type: Article
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A full-diversity space–frequency block code (SFBC) for single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems is presented. The code is designed for two transmit antennas and preserves the low envelope fluctuations of SC signals. The good performance of the proposed scheme over multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels, both in static and in high-speed mobility scenarios, is proved.
Power allocation and code construction for space–time turbo trellis codes with partial CSI feedback
Space–frequency block code for single-carrier FDMA
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- Author(s): M. Krause ; H. Renner ; E. Brinkmeyer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 691 –693
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080791
- Type: Article
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The longitudinal mode-field components in strongly confining crystalline-silicon waveguides cause a forward–backward asymmetry of the stimulated Raman effect. This nonreciprocity can be used to realise isolators with dynamically reconfigurable isolation direction.
Optical isolation in silicon waveguides based on nonreciprocal Raman amplification
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- Author(s): V. Valdivia ; J. Pleite ; P. Zumel ; C. Gonzalez
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 693 –694
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080112
- Type: Article
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A systematic improved methodology for integrated magnetics design for power electronics is presented. Integrated magnetic solutions, in which the equivalent discrete integrated components share not only the core but also the windings, allow an overall decrease in the required copper amount. However, in those cases, the equivalent discrete integrated elements usually cannot be independently designed. The proposed method allows these constraints to be overcome, increasing the design degrees of freedom.
Improving design of integrated magnetics for power electronics converters
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- Author(s): S.-Y. Lee ; J.-H. Hyung ; S.-K. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 695 –696
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080019
- Type: Article
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Straightforward and successful dielectrophoresis (DEP)-prepared multiple-channel ZnO nanowire field-effect transistors (FETs) are reported, in which the DEP is used to align and manipulate ZnO nanowires. The DEP-prepared multi-channel ZnO nanowire FETs can manage on-current exceeding ∼1 µA at low bias voltages. - Author(s): F. Medjdoub ; M. Alomari ; J.-F. Carlin ; M. Gonschorek ; E. Feltin ; M.A. Py ; C. Gaquière ; N. Grandjean ; E. Kohn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 696 –698
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080864
- Type: Article
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Fluoride plasma treatment similar to that used in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs has been applied to InAlN/GaN HEMTs. Enhancement mode of operation is obtained with a pinch-off voltage shifted by 3 V. Owing to the fluoride treatment an increase of the forward gate threshold to 3.5 V is observed. The small-signal performances are essentially unchanged. The thermal stability of this process has been assessed for the first time and appears to be limited to approximately 500°C.
Dielectrophoresis (DEP)-prepared multiple-channel ZnO nanowire field-effect transistors
Effect of fluoride plasma treatment on InAlN/GaN HEMTs
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- Author(s): M. Tomic ; D. Sersic ; M. Vrankic
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 698 –699
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080227
- Type: Article
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An adaptive lifting scheme is proposed, in which the intersection of confidence intervals (ICI) rule is used to determine the wavelet support. The adaptation is performed on a point-by-point basis and the ICI rule is used to prevent the support from spanning across the edges in a signal, in which the edge is considered to be any sudden change in the signal statistics. It is shown that the proposed method preserves the edges well, and the overall denoising performance is much better than in the other considered methods. - Author(s): S. Stanković ; N. Žarić ; I. Orović ; C. Ioana
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 699 –701
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080902
- Type: Article
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A general form of the time–frequency distribution with complex-lag argument is proposed. It is based on the generalised complex-lag distribution, modified to provide an efficient instantaneous frequency estimation in the case of multicomponent signals. The form of proposed distribution is suitable for numerical realisation and it provides an arbitrarily high distribution concentration. The theory is illustrated by an example. - Author(s): M. Eric and D. Vucic
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 701 –703
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080364
- Type: Article
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A one-step subspace-based method for direct position estimation in impulse UWB systems is proposed. The performance of the proposed method is illustrated by the results of simulations. - Author(s): D.A. Voloshin ; I.Y. Jong ; S.W. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 11, p. 703 –704
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080481
- Type: Article
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A simplified architecture for I/Q digital imbalance compensation of quadrature receiver is presented. The new architecture is obtained by modifying the optimisation criteria of the adaptive decorrelative method. By reducing the number of multipliers, the proposed architecture increases the efficiency of hardware realisations of the digital front end.
Edge-preserving adaptive wavelet denoising using ICI rule
General form of time–frequency distribution with complex-lag argument
Method for direct position estimation in UWB systems
Simplified architecture for adaptive decorrelative method of I/Q mismatch compensation
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