Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 43, Issue 20, 27 September 2007
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Volume 43, Issue 20
27 September 2007
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- Author(s): A.J. Lopez-Martin ; J. Ramirez-Angulo ; R. Chintham ; R.G. Carvajal
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1059 –1060
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071969
- Type: Article
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CMOS analogue squarer circuit is presented. A compact pseudo-differential pair insensitive to input common-mode variations leads to class AB operation, hence yielding dynamic currents not bounded by quiescent currents. Measurement results for a 0.5 µm CMOS prototype are provided that verify the correct operation of the circuit.
Class AB CMOS analogue squarer circuit
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- Author(s): Y. Gao ; X. Chen ; C.G. Parini
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1060 –1062
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071960
- Type: Article
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A study on the MIMO channel capacity of a modified dual-element planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) array is presented. The dual-element PIFA array consists of two modified PIFAs which are mounted on a small mobile terminal operating at 2.5 GHz. The relationship between mutual coupling and channel capacity is analysed by comparing the modified dual-element PIFA array with a conventional dual-element PIFA array and two ideal dipoles. - Author(s): C.-W. Su ; S.-K. Huang ; C.-H. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1062 –1063
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071691
- Type: Article
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This paper presents a technique developed for increasing the beam width of the circularly polarised (CP) radiation. With a pyramidal ground structure and a partially enclosed flat conducting wall adopted, the designed CP patch antenna has a height of about 0.12λ only and exhibits a 3 dB axial-ratio beamwidth of more than 130°. The experimental results for operating in the 1575 MHz GPS band are presented and discussed. - Author(s): A.D. Ball ; N.E. Evans ; S.J. Burgess ; W.G. Scanlon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1063 –1065
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071497
- Type: Article
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Power deposition in the head of a user wearing metal-framed spectacles was calculated with a 450 MHz personal radio transmitting in close proximity. Peak tissue SAR in the head depended on lens shape—whether circular half-rim or rectangular—with 70 and 174% increases, respectively, compared to the spectacle-free case. However, localised screening occurred with square frames, with a 40% reduction of peak SAR in the eye closest to the antenna. - Author(s): S.I. Latif and L. Shafai
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1065 –1066
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071572
- Type: Article
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A unique hybrid perturbation scheme is proposed for circular polarisation of stacked square-ring microstrip antennas, where both positive and negative perturbations are used. It is shown that the method broadens the angular range of circular polarisation. Measured results confirm the simulations.
Channel capacity of dual-element modified PIFA array on small mobile terminal
CP microstrip antenna with wide beamwidth for GPS band application
Head-SAR dependence on spectacle frame shape for operator of 450 MHz personal radio
Hybrid perturbation scheme for wide angle circular polarisation of stacked square-ring microstrip antennas
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- Author(s): R.R. Torrealba ; J.M. Castellano ; G. Fernández-López ; J.C. Grieco
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1066 –1068
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071667
- Type: Article
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Commercial intelligent above-knee prostheses capture data for identifying the different stages of gait. Typical signals are the knee angle and forces applied on the prosthetic side. A different approach using accelerometer data for characterising the gait cycle is presented. Seven events are identified from the data captured on a healthy person walking on level terrain. - Author(s): H.-K. Lee ; K.-J. Lee ; S.-P. Cho ; J. You
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1068 –1070
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071656
- Type: Article
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A novel computational method is presented and the feasibility of accelerometer measurement to accurately determine gait stability by means of estimating the centre of gravity (COG) during locomotion is highlighted. The inverse problem theory and methods were used to compute COG displacement data more accurately because any a priori information of initial displacement data was unknown. - Author(s): H.D. Park ; S.P. Cho ; K.J. Lee ; Y.C. Park
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1070 –1071
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070760
- Type: Article
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A simple and successful method for cardiac-MRI-gating is proposed. The adaptive interference cancellation filter (AICF) is used, with a synthesised reference signal to reduce the gradient artefacts caused by the magnetic resonance (MR). The reference signals of the AICF were a combination of the noisy, three-channel ECG signals. In particular, the proposed method is based on a simple experimental setup and does not require any information from amplifiers of the MRI machine, such as shape, amplitude and rise time.
Characterisation of gait cycle from accelerometer data
Computational method and feasibility of detecting the whole body centre of gravity using an accelerometric device
Minimisation of gradient artefacts in cardiac-MRI-gating using adaptive interference cancellation filter with synthesised reference
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- Author(s): X.-Y. He ; K.-P. Pun ; P. Kinget
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1071 –1073
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071422
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A dynamic common-mode level shifting technique is proposed to enable the use of gate-input amplifiers in ultra-low-voltage continuous-time delta–sigma modulators that employ a return-to-open digital-to-analogue converter. Transistor-level simulations have verified the functionality of the proposed circuit.
Dynamic common-mode level shifting technique for ultra-low-voltage CT delta–sigma modulators employing return-to-open DAC
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- Author(s): J.-M. Dienot
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1073 –1074
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070495
- Type: Article
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Presented is a new approach to the evaluation of electromagnetic emissions of electronics circuits under thermal stress. Near-field radiations, of essentially magnetic-type owing to the current switching of CMOS chips, have been measured in different external temperature conditions. Electrical equivalent models are proposed to investigate thermal influences on the electromagnetic compatibility characteristics of a printed circuit board excited by digital sources.
Characterisation and simulation of digital device electromagnetic noise under non-ambient temperature conditions
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- Author(s): D.W. Redmill ; D.R. Bull ; C.N. Canagarajah
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1074 –1075
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071708
- Type: Article
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Absolute value coding is introduced as a method for significantly reducing temporal drift within a motion compensated predictive video codec in the presence of loss. Drift reduction both improves error resilience and enables scalability by omission of parts of the bit-stream. In conjunction with matching pursuits, the system can be used to provide a displaced frame difference codec using fixed length codewords, which further improves error resilience and facilitates simple bit-stream editing. - Author(s): R. Razavi ; M. Fleury ; M. Ghanbari
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1075 –1077
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070980
- Type: Article
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ARQ in various forms is an important defence against RF error bursts but needs to be adaptive when delay sensitive encoded video is transmitted. It is demonstrated that adaptive ARQ itself is sensitive to mobile device buffer size and should be combined with an active discard policy based on picture type. For some Bluetooth send buffer sizes, this leads to up to 10 dB improvement in delivered video quality over adaptive ARQ alone. - Author(s): M. Ekinci and M. Aykut
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1077 –1079
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071688
- Type: Article
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A novel Gabor-based kernel principal component analysis (PCA) method by integrating the Gabor wavelet representation of palm images and the kernel PCA method for palmprint recognition is proposed. The feasibility of the proposed method has been successfully tested on two different public data sets from the PolyU palmprint databases, for which the samples were collected in two different sessions. - Author(s): Y. Pang ; Y. Yuan ; X. Li
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1079 –1080
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20072176
- Type: Article
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Nearest feature line (NFL) is a powerful tool in pattern recognition, which generalises the representational capacity of available prototypes by using linear interpolation and extrapolation between the feature points. NFL is generalised to subspace learning so that the obtained subspace has desirable discriminating ability. Experiments on face recognition demonstrate its effectiveness. - Author(s): S. Jiang and X. Hao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1081 –1082
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071417
- Type: Article
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Transform-domain image denoising methods assume that the original signal can be sparsely represented in the transform domain, but none of the orthogonal transforms can achieve sparse representation for all images. Proposed is a hybrid Fourier-wavelet denoising method to overcome this shortcoming. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves denoising performance efficiently. - Author(s): J. Ǵomez ; J. Blasco ; E. Moltó ; G. Camps-Valls
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1082 –1084
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070906
- Type: Article
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Presented is a full computer vision system for the identification of post-harvest damage in citrus packing houses. The method is based on the combined use of hyperspectral images and the Mahalanobis kernel classifier. More accurate and reliable results compared to other methods are obtained in several scenarios and acquired images.
Absolute value coding for robust and scalable video coding
Buffer size resilience for Bluetooth video streams from adaptive ARQ with active discard
Gabor-based kernel PCA for palmprint recognition
Generalised nearest feature line for subspace learning
Hybrid Fourier-wavelet image denoising
Hyperspectral detection of citrus damage with Mahalanobis kernel classifier
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- Author(s): D.D. Chen ; K.S. Yeo ; M.A. Do ; C.C. Boon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1084 –1085
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071881
- Type: Article
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A fully integrated CMOS limiting amplifier (LA) is presented. Its novel implementation of the offset compensation circuit completely removes bulky off-chip RC components. The LA is designed using a 0.18 µm CMOS technology and it obtains a 40 dB gain with a bandwidth of 1.8 GHz. The total power consumption is only 18.39 mW under a 1.8 V voltage supply. - Author(s): V. Gupta and G.A. Rincón-Mora
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1085 –1087
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20072006
- Type: Article
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A 0.6 µm CMOS sub-bandgap reference circuit, the output voltage of which is, unlike reported in the literature, concurrently low voltage and low output impedance, is presented. Experimental measurements verify that the proposed circuit, which produces a first-order temperature-compensated reference voltage of 890 mV, sources up to 5 mA of load current and rejects noise by a factor of 30.8–8.1 dB at 500 kHz–4 MHz, neither of which feature is achieved by state-of-the-art sub-bandgap circuits. - Author(s): B. Calvo ; S. Celma ; F. Aznar ; J.P. Alegre
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1087 –1088
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071140
- Type: Article
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A CMOS programmable gain amplifier suitable for low-voltage operation over the very high frequency range is presented. The scheme is based on a very simple common-mode feedforward pseudo-differential pair with resistive loads. Post-layout results for a 1.8 V–0.18 µm CMOS design show a linear-in-dB programmable gain from 0 to 12 dB with a −3 dB bandwidth above 1.4 GHz and power consumption below 17 mW over all the gain range. - Author(s): J.-M. Redouté and M. Steyaert
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1088 –1090
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071017
- Type: Article
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An efficient measurement technique is introduced for determining the input referred offset voltage induced by electromagnetic interference (EMI) in operational amplifiers. - Author(s): M. Palaniapan and L. Khine
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1090 –1092
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20072424
- Type: Article
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A 6.3 MHz Lamé-mode square resonator with fully differential drive and sense electronics, exhibiting quality factor (Q) values over 1 million in ambient pressures as high as 200 Pa is reported. A maximum Q value of 1.6 million was experimentally measured for the resonator designed for this study. It was also experimentally observed that the Q value for the designed bulk mode resonator was relatively independent for pressures below 200 Pa, suggesting that the Q is pressure limited for pressure higher than 200 Pa. - Author(s): K.-J. Gan ; D.-S. Liang ; C.-S. Tsai ; Y.-H. Chen ; C.-M. Wen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1092 –1093
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071129
- Type: Article
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The design of a four-valued decoder based on the negative-differential-resistance (NDR) circuit is demonstrated. The presented NDR circuit is composed of a Si-based metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistor (MOS) and a SiGe-based heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT). The fabrication of the four-valued decoder using this MOS-HBT-NDR circuit is based on the standard 0.35 µm SiGe-based BiCMOS process.
Fully integrated CMOS limiting amplifier with offset compensation network
Low-output-impedance 0.6 µm CMOS sub-bandgap reference
Low-voltage CMOS programmable gain amplifier for UHF applications
Measurement of EMI induced input offset voltage of an operational amplifier
Micromechanical resonator with ultra-high quality factor
Multiple-valued decoder using MOS-HBT-NDR circuit
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- Author(s): S. Hein ; V. von Hinten ; W. Kaiser ; S. Höfling ; A. Forchel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1093 –1095
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20072292
- Type: Article
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The static and dynamic properties of state-of-the-art InP-based QDash lasers around 1.55 µm are reported. Demonstrated are ridge waveguide lasers with a total output power of 37 mW and a total slope efficiency of 0.40 W/A that show a 3 dB modulation bandwidth of 8.0 GHz and a modulation efficiency of 0.76 GHz/√mA in continuous-wave operation. - Author(s): S.S. Park ; S.W. Park ; J.S. Yu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1095 –1096
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071458
- Type: Article
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AR/HR-coated, loss-coupled, InGaAsP multiple quantum well distributed feedback lasers emitting at 1.55 µm are reported, indicating a high device yield of ∼66% for the quarter of a two-inch wafer and a good reliability as long as 5000 h operation at 85°C with a constant power of 5 mW. The high device yield was achieved by the automatically buried InAsP absorptive grating formed during the heat-up process on InP corrugations and the uniform surface-facing upward wet chemical etching process.
Dynamic properties of 1.5 µm quantum dash lasers on (100) InP
High device yield and performance of InGaAsP MQW DFB lasers with absorptive grating
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- Author(s): Y. Gao ; Y.J. Zheng ; B.L. Ooi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1096 –1098
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20072054
- Type: Article
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A CMOS dual-band ultra-wideband low noise amplifier (LNA) with interference rejection is presented. The proposed LNA employs a current reuse structure to reduce power consumption and an active notch filter to produce in-band rejection in the 5 GHz WLAN frequency band. The load tank of the current reuse stage is optimised to provide an additional out-band attenuation in the 2.4 GHz WLAN band. Measurement shows a peak gain of 19.7 dB in the low band (3–5 GHz) and 20.3 dB in the high band (6–10 GHz), while the in-band and out-band maximum rejections are 19.6 and 12.8 dB, respectively. - Author(s): G. Sisó ; M. Gil ; J. Bonache ; F. Martín
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1098 –1100
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071755
- Type: Article
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It is demonstrated that metamaterial transmission lines based on complementary split rings resonators (CSRRs) can be applied to the design of quadrature phase shifters with compact dimensions and broad operational bandwidth. The structure consists of a Y-junction with output lines exhibiting a phase difference of 90°, these lines being artificial and implemented by means of CSRRs. The device is compared to a conventional implementation. From the characterisation of both devices it is concluded that the phase difference is preserved over a wider band in the metamaterial-based phase shifter. - Author(s): B.-Q. Lin ; X.-Y. Cao ; Y.-M. Yang ; X. Wen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1100 –1101
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071661
- Type: Article
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A novel compact electromagnetic bandgap structure is presented for size reduction. The proposed structure can be considered as an ameliorated high-impedance surface integrated with a rhombic interdigital structure. This structure significantly enlarges the fringe capacitance between neighbouring elements to compress the overall size of the structure. The measured results show that an even more compact structure can be obtained. - Author(s): H.-S. Kang and W.-Y. Choi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1101 –1103
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20072007
- Type: Article
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Fibre-supported 60 GHz self-heterodyne systems using harmonic optoelectronic mixers fabricated with the 0.18 µm standard CMOS technology are demonstrated. Down-link data transmission of 25 Mbit/s, 32 quadrature-amplitude modulation signals in 60 GHz band is successfully performed.
0.18 µm CMOS dual-band UWB LNA with interference rejection
Application of metamaterial transmission lines to design of quadrature phase shifters
Compact high-impedance surfaces integrated with rhombic interdigital structure
Fibre-supported 60 GHz self-heterodyne systems based on CMOS-compatible harmonic optoelectronic mixers
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- Author(s): J.-W. Kim and I. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1103 –1104
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071366
- Type: Article
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A method to improve the efficiency of the CDMA2000 1X high-speed data service is proposed. The method can recover the majority of lost supplemental channel assignment messages and consequently reduce the number of retransmitted data packets significantly. - Author(s): M. Chouayakh ; A. Knopp ; B. Lankl
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1104 –1106
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20072363
- Type: Article
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A new approach is proposed to reach a near maximum likelihood (ML) MIMO detection performance with a strongly reduced computational effort. This method is based on a two-stage detection. In the first detection step a zero-forcing (ZF) equaliser is applied followed by a subsequent decision unit. The second step is a reduced-search (RS) algorithm over the ZF solution, which will be performed in an efficient way at the different transmitted data streams. The method provides a near ML performance while it demands a fixed computational effort that is extremely advantageous for the hardware implementation of the detector.
Implicit duration extension for CDMA2000 1X data service
Low-effort near maximum likelihood MIMO detection with optimum hardware resource exploitation
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- Author(s): N. Kaneda ; A. Leven ; Y.-K. Chen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1106 –1107
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20072192
- Type: Article
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For intradyne QPSK receivers, block phase estimation based on the Viterbi and Viterbi algorithm has been reported to yield better OSNR results than differential detection. When a laser with large phase noise such as a distributed feedback laser is used, typically a higher error floor is observed with block phase estimation. With shorter block length, the bit-error rate (BER) floor for a 5.0 Gbit/s real-time intradyne receiver was improved without large sacrifice in the low BER performance. - Author(s): I. Kim ; G. Goldfarb ; G. Li
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1108 –1109
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071495
- Type: Article
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Atmospheric turbulence-induced wavefront distortion in free-space optical communications can be corrected using coherent detection and digital signal processing, instead of adaptive optics. It was found that the performance of the coherent arrayed receivers can approach that of the system without any wavefront distortion. Wavefront correction for 10 Gbit/s binary phase-shift keying signals was demonstrated in experiment. - Author(s): G. Charlet ; M. Salsi ; J. Renaudier ; O.B. Pardo ; H. Mardoyan ; S. Bigo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1109 –1111
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20072246
- Type: Article
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The tolerance to narrow filtering and polarisation mode dispersion is measured with and without polarisation multiplexing at 10Gbauds based on QPSK format. Only a limited penalty is induced by polarisation multiplexing, despite doubling of the channel rate - Author(s): M. Sabrigiriraj ; M. Meenakshi ; R. Roopkumar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1111 –1113
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071382
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A novel wavelength assignment algorithm based on the method of optimal grouping of non-overlapping connections is proposed for a linear array network. A tight bound on the minimum number of wavelengths required to support all-to-all broadcast is derived for the linear array under the presence and absence of wavelength conversion facilities.
Block length effect on 5.0 Gbit/s real-time QPSK intradyne receivers with standard DFB laser
Electronic wavefront correction for PSK free-space optical communications
Performance comparison of singly-polarised and polarisation-multiplexed coherent transmission at 10Gbauds under linear impairments
Wavelength assignment in WDM linear array
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- Author(s): P.-S. Kuo ; Y.-C. Fu ; C.-C. Chang ; C.-H. Lee ; C.W. Liu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1113 –1114
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071327
- Type: Article
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A metal/oxide/n-Ge structure has been utilised as a photodetector. The oxide is grown directly on the Ge substrate by liquid phase deposition. We use Al and Pt as the gate electrodes to evaluate the transport mechanism of the MOS detector. At negative gate bias, the dark current of the Al gate detector is composed of the thermal generation of minority carriers in the depletion region and the electron current tunnelling from Al to the conduction band of the n-type Ge substrate. However, for the Pt gate detector at negative gate bias, the electron tunnelling from Pt to the conduction band of the n-type Ge is greatly reduced owing to the large work function of Pt (5.65 eV).
Dark current reduction of Ge MOS photodetectors by high work function electrodes
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- Author(s): H. Essen ; A. Wahlen ; R. Sommer ; W. Johannes ; R. Brauns ; M. Schlechtweg ; A. Tessmann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1114 –1116
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071865
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An experimental radar at 220 GHz has been developed, which is capable of delivering an instantaneous bandwidth of 8000 MHz. The solid-state radar uses an FM-CW waveform. The development is based on experience with a 94 GHz broadband measurement radar. The data undergo an ISAR imaging process to derive high-resolution scattering centre distributions for targets measured in tower/turntable configuration. High-resolution processing algorithms have been developed, which result in scattering centre distributions with a resolution better than 2 cm at ranges of and exceeding 200 m. The radar will be used for investigations on target signatures of small objects for stand-off detection of concealed weapons and other threat material.
High-bandwidth 220 GHz experimental radar
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- Author(s): G.S. Chung and C.M. Ohn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1116 –1117
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071456
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Magnetron enhanced reactive ion etching (RIE) of poly-crystalline 3C-SiC thin films grown on thermally oxidised Si substrates has been investigated in CHF3 plasmas. The magnetron enhanced RIE can stably etch the poly-crystalline 3C-SiC thin film at a lower ion energy (70 W) without any damage than can the commercial RIE system. The best vertical structure was improved by the addition of 40% O2 and 16% Ar with the CHF3 reactive gas.
High etch rates of poly-crystalline 3C-SiC films in magnetron enhanced CHF3 plasmas
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- Author(s): J. Liu ; Z.T. Huang ; Y.Y. Zhou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1117 –1119
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071050
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A novel 2D direction-finding algorithm for noncircular signals using two parallel linear arrays, called the extended rank reduction (ERARE) algorithm, is presented. The method needs only 1D search for joint azimuth and elevation estimation. The azimuth and elevation angles estimated by ERARE are paired automatically. - Author(s): K. Chen ; J. Lu ; X. Qiu ; B. Xu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1119 –1121
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071938
- Type: Article
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The fast affine projection (FAP) algorithms are widely used in many applications for their advantages. However, the propagation and accumulation of errors always degrade the algorithm performance. Proposed is a modification for the FAP algorithm to improve the stability with limited computational burden increase.
Azimuth and elevation estimation for noncircular signals
Stability improvement of relaxed FAP algorithm
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- Author(s): A.L. Fontana ; Y. Bortolotti ; B. Lazareff ; A. Navarrini ; P.G. Huggard ; B.N. Ellison
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 20, p. 1121 –1123
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071680
- Type: Article
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A single photomixer generated the local oscillator signal for a four- element focal plane array of niobium superconducting heterodyne receivers operating at 4 K. The photomixer incorporated an InGaAsP photodiode, driven by two 1.55 µm laser beams, that operated at an ambient temperature of 77 K. Its output signal propagated through a stainless steel waveguide to the 4 K cryostat stage. Distribution of LO power to each superconducting junction was accomplished via 17 dB broadwall waveguide couplers. Double sideband noise temperatures of the array were 60±15 K across the 129–174 GHz local oscillator band.
Cryogenic photonic local oscillator for 2 mm band SIS heterodyne astronomical receiver array
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