Online ISSN
1350-911X
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0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 43, Issue 19, 13 September 2007
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Volume 43, Issue 19
13 September 2007
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- Author(s): H. Fayad and P. Record
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1009 –1010
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071820
- Type: Article
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A new steerable-dielectric resonator antenna is described. It consists of a movable annulus of heterogeneous dielectric sections surrounding a cylindrical core of another dielectric. The antenna far-field radiation was found to be manipulated by changing the angular position of this ring. This antenna demonstrates resonance at ∼1.2 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 28.3% (S11<−10 dB), confirming an HFSS simulation of the same structure. - Author(s): D. Sánchez ; M. Baquero ; D. González ; E. Alfonso
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1010 –1012
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070368
- Type: Article
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A new algorithm to increase the resolution in the reconstruction of equivalent currents from spherical near-field measurements is proposed. The algorithm obtains the non-visible part of the plane-wave spectrum used for the reconstruction. This is achieved by means of a band-limited extrapolation method, the Papoulis-Gerchberg algorithm, and the replication of the known part of the spectrum. The gain in resolution is from 1λ in the method without the algorithm proposed, to 0.4–0.5λ with this new algorithm. Results with real measurements are shown. - Author(s): X. Wang ; W. Chen ; Z. Feng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1012 –1013
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071603
- Type: Article
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A novel, low-profile internal antenna with multiband characteristic and narrow shape is reported which can be easily fabricated and embedded into a laptop computer. Two parasitic branches are designed to obtain wide bandwidths covering the GSM850, GSM900, DCS and PCS frequency bands. Measured parameters including VSWR, radiation patterns, three-dimensional peak gain and average gain are presented to validate the proposed design. - Author(s): R. Dickie ; R. Cahill ; H.S. Gamble ; V.F. Fusco ; P.G. Huggard ; B.P. Moyna ; M.L. Oldfield ; N. Grant ; P. de Maagt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1013 –1015
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20072170
- Type: Article
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The spectral transmittance of a frequency selective surface (FSS), which consists of two free-standing arrays of short-circuited nested annular slots, is presented. The FSS was designed to provide a minimum of 20 dB isolation between the frequency bands 316.5–325.5 and 349.5–358.5 GHz when the filter operates in the TE and TM planes at 45° incidence. Experimental results, which are in close agreement with the computed transmission coefficients, show that the maximum insertion loss is 0.9 dB, and the minimum cross-polar discrimination is at least 21 dB in the passbands. The FSS yields virtually identical spectral responses in the two polarisation planes over the frequency range 315–359 GHz.
Experimental investigation on new steerable dielectric resonator antenna
Improvement of resolution in equivalent currents reconstruction using Papoulis-Gerchberg algorithm and replicas of the spectrum
Multiband antenna with parasitic branches for laptop applications
Polarisation independent bandpass FSS
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- Author(s): E. Tavares ; P. Maciel ; B. Silva ; M. Oliveira ; R. Rodrigues
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1015 –1017
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071158
- Type: Article
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Several biomedical systems are considered time-critical in the sense that, if timing constraints are not met, catastrophic issues may occur, such as loss of human lives. Besides, some of these systems have to rely on constrained energy sources (e.g. a battery) for operating in remote locations. In this case, energy saving becomes of utmost importance in order to prolong equipment operation. Presented is a method for hard real-time systems scheduling considering dynamic voltage scaling, precedence and exclusion relations. The proposed approach adopts a formal model based on time Petri nets in order to find a feasible schedule using a pre-runtime approach that satisfies timing and energy constraints.
Modelling and scheduling hard real-time biomedical systems with timing and energy constraints
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- Author(s): S. Hong
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1017 –1018
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071112
- Type: Article
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A DRAM architecture capable of providing dual-port interface is presented. The architecture utilises a novel global bitline scheme to obtain a very wide data bandwidth not possible using traditional DRAM architectures. Furthermore, the area penalty is minimised by using a conventional one-transistor one-capacitor cell coupled with special sensing units that have 84.6% more transistor count. The architecture allows simultaneous read and write access using a conventional two-metal DRAM fabrication process. - Author(s): W. Hu ; L. Chunglen ; X. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1018 –1020
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071984
- Type: Article
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A simple phase-frequency detector (PFD) is described. This circuit only has 16 transistors. This PFD has linear range when the phase difference is in [0, π], and saturates when the phase difference is in [π, 2π]. It completely eliminates the blind zone, speeds up the acquisition process and improves the maximum operating frequency of the PFD. Both simulation and post-simulation with HSPICE confirm these advantages.
Compact wide bandwidth dual-port DRAM architecture suitable for mobile multimedia processors
Fast frequency acquisition phase-frequency detector with zero blind zone in PLL
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- Author(s): S. Asgaran and M. Jamal Deen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1020 –1021
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071304
- Type: Article
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A technique to reduce the low-frequency noise figure of direct-conversion mixers is presented. Unlike previous techniques, the proposed method is suitable for low-voltage and low-power applications. The results presented demonstrate that the proposed technique can significantly improve the low-frequency noise figure of the mixer, while other performance parameters remain intact. - Author(s): H.-J. Wei ; C. Meng ; Y.-W. Chang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1021 –1022
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071384
- Type: Article
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A regenerative frequency divider with a differential transimpedance amplifier (TIA) active load using 0.35 µm SiGe HBT technology is demonstrated. The differential TIA is beneficial for higher frequency and lower sensitivity operation, and the inductive peaking enhances the bandwidth of the output buffer. From the experimental results, the operating frequency ranges from 5 to 27 GHz ( fmax/fmin=5.2) for a supply voltage of 5 V and core power consumption of 49.5 mW. The chip size is 0.86×0.822 mm.
Flicker noise cancellation technique for low-voltage direct-conversion mixers
Wide-ratio broadband SiGe HBT regenerative frequency divider enhanced by differential TIA load
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- Author(s): Y.-C. Chang ; C.S. Wang ; L.A. Coldren
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1022 –1023
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20072074
- Type: Article
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High-efficiency, high-speed, tapered-oxide-apertured 980 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with 35 Gbit/s error-free operation have been demonstrated. This is the highest data rate reported for directly modulated VCSELs to date. The devices are also highly efficient, showing a record-high data-rate/power-dissipation ratio of 3.5 Gps/mW. - Author(s): B.V. Zhdanov and R.J. Knize
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1024 –1025
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071587
- Type: Article
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A hydrocarbon-free alkali laser operating on a mixture of potassium vapour and helium buffer gas has been demonstrated. Hydrocarbon-free alkali lasers can operate at higher temperatures without risk of cell contamination caused by chemical reactions between the alkali atoms and the hydrocarbon buffer gas. - Author(s): W. Hofmann ; M. Görblich ; M. Ortsiefer ; G. Böhm ; M.‐C. Amann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1025 –1026
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20072148
- Type: Article
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Monolithically integrated long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting high-power laser arrays emit continuous wave (CW) optical output power in excess of 3 W at 1.55 µm. Regardless of the wavelength, this is the highest CW output power reported from a monolithic VCSEL structure to date. - Author(s): C. Pflügl ; L. Diehl ; A. Tsekoun ; R. Go ; C.K.N. Patel ; X. Wang ; J. Fan ; T. Tanbun-Ek ; F. Capasso
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1026 –1028
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20072162
- Type: Article
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High-power continuous-wave operation of long wavelength quantum cascade lasers grown by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy is reported. The lasers have been processed as buried heterostructures with thick gold-plated contacts. The devices emit at a wavelength of 9.5 µm with output powers of several hundreds of milliwatts at room temperature.
High-efficiency, high-speed VCSELs with 35 Gbit/s error-free operation
Hydrocarbon-free potassium laser
Long-wavelength (λ=1.55 µm) monolithic VCSEL array with >3 W CW output power
Room-temperature continuous-wave operation of long wavelength (λ=9.5 µm) MOVPE-grown quantum cascade lasers
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- Author(s): H.-K. Chiou ; T.-Y. Yang ; Y.-C. Hsu ; S.-G. Lin ; Y.-Z. Juang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1028 –1030
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071200
- Type: Article
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A 15–60 GHz asymmetric broadside coupled balun fabricated in the standard TSMC 0.18 µm CMOS process is demonstrated. Using the broadside tight coupling technique, the balun is achieved with wide bandwidth and low insertion loss and utilises the inherent three-dimensional multilayer structure in CMOS technology. The balun achieves bandwidth of over 120%, the minimum insertion loss is better than 1.1 dB, amplitude difference is less than 1 dB and phase difference is less than 5° (15–60 GHz). The occupied chip area is only 0.06 mm2. - Author(s): F. Ferrero ; C. Luxey ; R. Staraj ; G. Jacquemod ; V.F. Fusco
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1030 –1031
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20072195
- Type: Article
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The design of a tunable hybrid coupler is presented. The structure is composed of two cascaded active quasi-lumped couplers. Over 460% bandwidth is achieved using varactor diode tuning. This circuit, which operates from 1.5 to 7 GHz, consumes virtually no DC power and its size is reduced by a ratio of five when compared to that of a classical branchline coupler. - Author(s): T. Sakamoto ; T. Kawanishi ; M. Izutsu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1031 –1033
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071780
- Type: Article
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An optoelectronic oscillator that employs a reciprocating optical modulator is demonstrated. By giving positive optoelectronic feedback to the modulator, the reciprocating modulation in the modulator effectively multiplies the fundamental oscillation frequency by several times. A 52.8 GHz millimetre-wave signal is generated by self-oscillation.
15–60 GHz asymmetric broadside coupled balun in 0.18 µm CMOS technology
Compact quasi-lumped hybrid coupler tunable over large frequency band
Optoelectronic oscillator employing reciprocating optical modulator for millimetre-wave generation
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- Author(s): K.K. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1033 –1034
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071559
- Type: Article
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A wireless scheduling policy for real-time applications is proposed and analysed. In the short term, the policy is fairer than the near-optimal feasible earliest due date algorithm. Using the delay-model approach, a frame-level asymptotic analysis is presented. A simple and accurate approximate expression is also obtained. - Author(s): J. He ; Z. Tang ; D. Kaleshi ; A. Munro
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1034 –1036
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071405
- Type: Article
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Random access channel (RACH) is an uplink contention-based channel specified in wideband code-division multiple-access (WCDMA) wireless systems. Proposed is an analytical model for throughput evaluation of RACH operating in frequency division duplex (FDD) mode. The impacts of traffic arrival rate, available preamble signatures and message length on the performance are analysed. Simulations validate the high accuracy of the analytical model. - Author(s): R. Patachaianand and K. Sandrasegaran
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1036 –1037
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071362
- Type: Article
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Two new user speed estimation techniques for UMTS are proposed. They are based on a history of TPC sequences. Simulation results show that user speed estimation using a mapping equation can achieve more accurate speed estimation than using a mapping table.
Frame-level asymptotic analysis of real-time scheduling policy for wireless networks
Simple analytical model for the random access channel in WCDMA
User speed estimation techniques for UMTS
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- Author(s): S. Ayotte ; S. Xu ; H. Rong ; O. Cohen ; M.J. Paniccia
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1037 –1039
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071506
- Type: Article
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The use of a silicon-waveguide-based optical phase conjugator at the mid-span of a fibre link for dispersion compensation is experimentally demonstrated, enabling transmission of optical data at up to 40 Gbit/s over 320 km of standard fibre with clear open eye diagrams at the receiver. In addition, the feasibility of dispersion compensation for multiple DWDM channels simultaneously is demostrated. A signal conversion efficiency of −10 dB is obtained with a pump intensity of 37.5 MW/cm2 in the waveguide. - Author(s): T. Sakamoto ; T. Kawanishi ; M. Izutsu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1039 –1040
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071267
- Type: Article
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Wavelength-tunable ultra-flat optical frequency comb generation is demonstrated using only a conventional Mach-Zehnder modulator that is asymmetrically dual-driven by large-amplitude sinusoidal signals with different amplitudes. A 10 GHz-spaced frequency comb with a 10 dB bandwidth of 230 GHz was experimentally generated. In addition, 50 nm widely wavelength tunable operation was achieved.
Dispersion compensation by optical phase conjugation in silicon waveguide
Widely wavelength-tunable ultra-flat frequency comb generation using conventional dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator
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- Author(s): T. Yamamoto ; T. Komukai ; K. Suzuki ; A. Takada
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1040 –1042
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071505
- Type: Article
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Described is a phase-locked multi-carrier light generator with a flattened spectral envelope that contains two phase modulators and a dispersion medium. By adopting a chirped fibre Bragg grating as a dispersion medium instead of a long normal dispersion fibre, the stability of the optical output spectrum can be increased and the size of the multi-carrier light generator reduced. A prototype has been built with this configuration, that generates a 61 carrier light with a power deviation of less than 8 dB. - Author(s): K. Nikolaidis and M.J.N. Sibley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1042 –1044
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070965
- Type: Article
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The effects of linear increment, linear decrement, Gray code and random mapping of data on the performance of a $\left(\matrix{12\cr Y\cr }\right)$ multiple pulse position modulation (PPM) system are presented. Simulations show that the Gray code is the most effective as it minimises the Hamming distance between adjacent multiple PPM words.
Spectrally flattened phase-locked multi-carrier light generator with phase modulators and chirped fibre Bragg grating
Theoretical investigation into effects of data mapping in optical multiple PPM link
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- Author(s): X. Yu ; K. Wang ; X. Zheng ; H. Zhang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1044 –1045
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071784
- Type: Article
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An incoherent photonic digital-to-analogue converter employing a broadband optical source is proposed. A 2-bit converter at a conversion rate of 4Gsample/s experimentally demonstrates the feasibility of this method.
Incoherent photonic digital-to-analogue converter based on broadband optical source
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- Author(s): Y.C. Yoo ; I.K. Han ; J.I. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1045 –1047
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071583
- Type: Article
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A superluminescent diode (SLD) using J-shaped ridge waveguide and chirped multiple InAs quantum dots (QDs) with three different energy bandgap wavelengths, which are controlled by QD size, is demonstrated. The fabricated QD SLDs exhibit high continuous wave output power of 32 mW and wide spectral bandwidth up to 98 nm, covering the range 1084–1182 nm. - Author(s): T. Satoh ; M. Kobayashi ; S. Kawamura ; T. Uchida
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1047 –1048
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20072231
- Type: Article
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A novel high-luminosity organic-dye-dispersed inorganic electroluminescent (EL) panel is developed using a printing technique. An EL panel, having a Coumarin6-doped phosphor layer, was manufactured, which is expected to increase the efficiency of distributed-type inorganic EL panels. Therefore, a panel having a higher luminosity than conventional inorganic EL panels was obtained.
High power broadband superluminescent diodes with chirped multiple quantum dots
High-luminosity organic-dye-dispersed inorganic electroluminescent panel
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- Author(s): J.-Y. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1048 –1049
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071046
- Type: Article
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The proposed method offers an improved DC/DC converter scheme to increase power density. It is based on half-bridge topology with a newly introduced pulse-grouping control method, which helps to reduce the transformer size and the volume of semiconductor devices, maintaining high efficiency. Test results with 85 W (18.5 V/4.6 A) design shows that the measured efficiency is 93.5% with power density of 36 W/in3.
Pulse-grouping control method for high-power-density DC/DC converters
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- Author(s): E. Miranda ; K.L. Pey ; R. Ranjan ; C.H. Tung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1050 –1051
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071110
- Type: Article
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A compact model for the post-breakdown current in Si/HfO2/TaN/TiN structures suitable for both gate voltage polarities is presented. Positive gate injection is considered to be dominated by the charge generation mechanism within the substrate depletion layer, whereas negative gate injection is simulated using a diode-like model with series resistance correction. The implicit equation for the current–voltage characteristic resulting for this latter mechanism is solved using the Lambert W function.
Post-breakdown conduction in ultra-thin HfO2 films in MOS transistors
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- Author(s): V. Marbukh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1051 –1053
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070543
- Type: Article
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A flow-level Markov model for fair bandwidth sharing with packet retransmissions and random flow arrivals/departures is proposed and discussed. Despite the model being unstable even under light exogenous load, a desirable metastable state may exist. The network can be stabilised with flow admission control at the cost of small flow blocking probability. - Author(s): B. Hariri and N. Sadati
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1053 –1055
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071791
- Type: Article
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A novel active queue management (AQM) method is proposed. This method, named NN-RED, is based on the use of a neural network for early congestion prediction. By simulations, it is demonstrated that the performance of the proposed approach is better than the random early detection (RED) method that is currently known as one of the best AQM methods in solving congestion problems.
Metastability of fair bandwidth sharing under fluctuating demand and necessity of flow admission control
NN-RED: an AQM mechanism based on neural networks
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- Author(s): R. Rimeika ; D. Čiplys ; V. Poderys ; R. Rotomskis ; S. Balakauskas ; M.S. Shur
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 19, p. 1055 –1057
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071995
- Type: Article
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The surface acoustic wave (SAW) humidity sensor based on the Meso-tetra (4 sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (TPPS4) nanostrip structure deposited on a bare or metallised surface of the piezoelectric YZ LiNbO3 substrate has been investigated. The SAW attenuation, which greatly increases with humidity in sensors with TPPS4 layers on bare substrates, is almost humidity-independent in devices with TPPS4 layers on metallised substrates. For both types of sensors, the SAW velocity exhibits close-to-linear decrease with growing humidity. The sensor exhibited fast response and recovery times of from 0.8 to 0.5 s in both amplitude and phase of the output signal. The real-time monitoring of human breath with the help of the sensor was demonstrated.
Subsecond-response SAW humidity sensor with porphyrin nanostructure deposited on bare and metallised piezoelectric substrate
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