Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 43, Issue 15, 19 July 2007
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Volume 43, Issue 15
19 July 2007
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- Author(s): T. Temel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 785 –786
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070434
- Type: Article
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A new current-mode CMOS circuit for simultaneous implementation of literal and complementary literal operations is presented. It is shown that the proposed circuit exhibits superior performance compared to its previous counterparts in terms of speed, power dissipation and robustness with much smaller area. These advantages make the circuit a very useful design block for multi-valued logic function realisations. - Author(s): K.N. Leung ; C.H. Lo ; P.K.T. Mok ; Y.Y. Mai ; W.Y. Leung ; M.J. Chan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 786 –787
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070935
- Type: Article
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The design of a temperature-compensated CMOS ring oscillator is introduced. The concept is to make use of a linear, positively or negatively temperature-sloped supply voltage to power-up the ring oscillator. Experimental results show that the oscillation frequency remains fairly constant using the proposed scheme.
High-performance current-mode CMOS simultaneous implementation of window-literal operations for multi-valued logic
Temperature-compensated CMOS ring oscillator for power-management circuits
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- Author(s): R.U. Nair and R.M. Jha
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 787 –789
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070825
- Type: Article
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A novel A-sandwich hybrid variable thickness radome design, based on optimised power reflection, is presented. The radome performance parameters are evaluated accurately by a 3D ray-tracing procedure in conjunction with the aperture integration method. This design is demonstrated to be a better choice when multiple performance parameters need to be satisfied simultaneously. - Author(s): K.L. Lau ; K.C. Kong ; K.M. Luk
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 789 –790
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070878
- Type: Article
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A novel stacked folded shorted patch antenna for dual-band operation is presented. It has impedance bandwidths (SWR<2) of 22.9 and 20.3% in the lower and the upper bands, respectively. It is 0.046λL in height and 0.27λL in length, where λL is the free space wavelength at the centre frequency of the lower band. Therefore, it is very suitable for today's multi-band wireless communication systems. - Author(s): Q.-Q. He and B.-Z. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 791 –792
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070996
- Type: Article
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A novel pattern reconfigurable double folded slot antenna is presented. The antenna can work in three modes and their 3 dB beam widths can entirely cover the upper half space by implementing the tuning elements of the antenna. Simulated results are compared with measured data and good agreement is obtained. - Author(s): O. Ramadan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 792 –794
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071234
- Type: Article
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Unconditionally stable second-order split-step (SS) envelope perfectly matched layer (PML) formulations are presented for truncating finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) grids. The proposed method is based on the second-order SS-FDTD algorithm. Numerical examples carried out in two-dimensional domains are included to show the validity of the proposed formulations. - Author(s): X.P. Guan ; Y. Su ; S.G. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 794 –796
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070668
- Type: Article
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A stable and accelerated procedure for the electric field integral equation (EFIE) is developed. The procedure employs an implicit method in conjunction with a time averaging scheme to solve EFIE with the second-order time derivatives. Two examples are provided to demonstrate the superior stability and efficiency of the proposed procedure. - Author(s): D. Li ; Z. Feng ; J. She ; Y. Cheng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 796 –797
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071068
- Type: Article
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To obtain a unique steering vector (SV) in the whole spherical space, the linear relationship of SVs in a cross-dipole array with two pairs (CAT) is studied. Unparallel plane CATs are proved to have the same linear-dependent steering vectors distribution area (LDSVA) as corresponding two-tripole arrays. Finally, a switched CAT with unique SVs (null LDSVA) is achieved.
Novel A-sandwich radome design for airborne applications
Dual-band stacked folded shorted patch antenna
Pattern reconfigurable double folded slot antenna with background conductor
Second-order split-step envelope PML algorithm for 2D FDTD simulations
Stable and accelerated procedure to calculate transient scattering using electric field integral equation
Unique steering vector design of cross-dipole array with two pairs
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- Author(s): A. Saiz-Vela ; P. Miribel-Català ; J. Colomer ; M. Puig-Vidal ; J. Samitier
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 797 –799
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070405
- Type: Article
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A novel compact mathematical model to be applied in the analysis and design of two-phase voltage doubler circuits is presented. Numerical simulated results show that the proposed model is closer to SPICE-based simulation data than any other already developed models offering less than 1% of relative error over a wide range of working load conditions.
Accurate design of high-voltage multistage voltage doublers based on compact mathematical model
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- Author(s): T. Statheros ; G. Howells ; K. McDonald-Maier
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 799 –801
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071197
- Type: Article
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An exceptionally efficient algorithm for local multi-mobile robot autonomous navigation is presented. The algorithm guides each robot independently although the algorithmic principle is identical for each robot. This approach is a combination of a novel rule-based mathematical algorithm and the virtual force field (VFF) navigational method. The need for the combinational algorithm is due to VFF's inability to guide efficiently multi-autonomous robots in the same environment owing to a trajectory equilibrium state (TES). TES is a new state that dramatically degrades performance of the VFF and is firstly identified and defined within this study. Test results of the novel algorithm yield near-optimum trajectories for the mobile robots.
Trajectory equilibrium state detection and avoidance algorithm for multi-autonomous potential field mobile robots
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- Author(s): H.S. Seo ; J.T. Ahn ; B.J. Park ; W.J. Chung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 801 –802
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071085
- Type: Article
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A new double-pass wideband Er-Raman fibre amplifier is proposed, pumped by a Raman laser oscillating through a medium consisting of Er-doped fibre and dispersion compensating fibre in series. - Author(s): M. Castro and V.V. Spirin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 802 –804
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070499
- Type: Article
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A novel optical injection-locking configuration utilising Brillouin amplification in optical fibre feedback is reported. The proposed structure exhibits properties inherent in two phenomena, self-injection locking and injection-locking in master-slave configuration at the same time. Significant narrowing of the locked DFB laser linewidth was recorded. The configuration provides intensity-stable Stokes generation without a high-frequency external modulator and generator.
Double-pass resonant Er-Raman amplifier
Self-injection locking of DFB laser diode with Brillouin amplification in optical fibre feedback
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- Author(s): S.M. Al-Shahrani
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 804 –806
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070284
- Type: Article
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A novel auto-tuning phase shifter circuit suitable for integrated circuit implementation is presented. The circuit exhibits simple structure and provides phase shifting over three decades of frequency, 2 kHz–2 MHz, with a minimal phase error, less than 3.5%. Simulation results using 0.5 um CMOS technology and power supply ±2 V are included. - Author(s): V. Wang and K.L. Shepard
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 806 –808
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070017
- Type: Article
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A high-throughput on-chip transistor characterisation macro that can be used to efficiently and accurately characterise large, dense arrays of transistors for variability studies is designed. The prototype macro is used to perform current–voltage characterisation of a 2.8 mm2, 1600-transistor array with digital interfaces. - Author(s): L. Gu and X. Li
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 808 –809
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071423
- Type: Article
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A micromachined tunable capacitor is presented, with the variable capacitor electrically isolated from the electrostatic actuator for flexible circuit application. Fabricated in low-resisitivity silicon wafer with CMOS-compatible processes, the device exhibits a large tuning range of 218% under 4 V driving, as well as a high Q-factor of 115 at 1 GHz and a high self-resonance frequency of 9.5 GHz. - Author(s): L. Li ; M. Begbie ; D. Uttamchandani
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 809 –810
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070887
- Type: Article
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A novel design of a MEMS DC/DC converter that has single input and two outputs based on the tunable capacitor principle is reported. The multiple-output has been achieved by designing comb finger pairs with different gaps located in the same structure. The device prototype has been designed and fabricated by SOIMUMPs, which is 1×1 mm in size. Measurement results show that it takes around 50 ms for the converter to convert a 5 V signal to two different voltages simultaneously, which are 9 and 6.8 V, respectively.
CMOS wideband auto-tuning phase shifter circuit
On-chip transistor characterisation arrays for variability analysis
Post-CMOS micromachined RF varactor with mutual-isolated large-tuning capacitor and low-voltage actuator
Single-input, dual-output MEMS DC/DC converter
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- Author(s): D. Donetsky ; G. Kipshidze ; L. Shterengas ; T. Hosoda ; G. Belenky
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 810 –812
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071320
- Type: Article
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Improvement of the output parameters of 2.3 µm GaSb-based laser diodes was observed with increase of the quantum-well compressive strain. A continuous-wave (CW) power of 1.15 W and quasi-CW power of 1.4 W were obtained at room temperature from 2 mm-long single emitters with a 100 µm-aperture. - Author(s): A.D. McRobbie ; M.A. Cataluna ; S.A. Zolotovskaya ; D.A. Livshits ; W. Sibbett ; E.U. Rafailov
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 812 –813
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070876
- Type: Article
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An all-quantum-dot based external cavity modelocked laser using a quantum-dot gain medium and SESAM is demonstrated for the first time. This laser produces average powers of up to 27 mW and modelocking has been obtained over a range of cavity repetition frequencies from 350 MHz to 1.5 GHz. Additional RF modulation has also been used to further improve the modelocked operation.
2.3 µm type-I quantum well GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb/GaSb laser diodes with quasi-CW output power of 1.4 W
High power all-quantum-dot-based external cavity modelocked laser
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- Author(s): S. Abielmona ; H.V. Nguyen ; C. Caloz ; K. Wu ; R.G. Bosisio
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 813 –815
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070678
- Type: Article
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A compact multilayer ultra-wideband (UWB) six-port device, composed of power combiners and dividers, is presented. Implemented in hybrid microstip/stripline technology, the six-port can be used as a front-end transceiver. The operational frequency spans a range of 3–5 GHz (50% fractional bandwidth), suitable for pulse signals in UWB single channel communication. Measurements and simulation results validate circuit performance as a transceiver using quaternary phase spectrum modulation.
Compact multilayer ultra-wideband six-port device for modulation/demodulation
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- Author(s): T. Scholand ; C. Spiegel ; A. Burnic ; A. Waadt ; G.H. Bruck ; P. Jung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 815 –817
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070916
- Type: Article
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In the recent years, Bluetooth has become an important short range transmission system which provides data rates up to 3 Mbit/s in its enhanced data rate mode (EDR). Illustrated is a low-cost intermediate frequency (IF) zero-crossing detector (ZXD) for EDR. It is shown that the proposed IF ZXD for EDR facilitates robust performance, approaching theoretical bounds in the case of single path transmission. - Author(s): S. Cho and J.M. Cioffi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 817 –818
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070938
- Type: Article
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A stabilised multichannel random-access protocol based on slotted ALOHA for multihop cellular systems is proposed. The fundamental contribution is a mathematical formula for an optimal partition ratio of shared random access channels between a base station and a relay station. Numerical results show that the proposed protocol can guarantee the required utilisation or delay even if the offered load is higher than the threshold, which otherwise can cause the bistable problem of slotted ALOHA. - Author(s): H.-H. Choi and D.-H. Cho
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 818 –820
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070838
- Type: Article
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An analytic model has been made for the end-to-end delay of VoIP traffic and an optimal sleep interval obtained according to the delay distribution of VoIP traffic. This optimal sleep interval minimises the power consumption of a mobile station while guaranteeing the quality of service of VoIP.
Intermediate frequency zero-crossing detectors for Bluetooth enhanced data rate system
Multichannel random access protocol for multihop cellular systems
Optimal sleep interval decision for energy-efficient VoIP services in wireless networks
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- Author(s): X.-W. Wu ; M. Kuijper ; P. Udaya
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 820 –822
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070641
- Type: Article
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Algebraic–geometric (AG) codes over finite fields with respect to the Lee metric have been studied. A lower bound on the minimum Lee distance is derived, which is a Lee-metric version of the well-known Goppa bound on the minimum Hamming distance of AG codes. The bound generalises a lower bound on the minimum Lee distance of Lee-metric BCH and Reed-Solomon codes, which have been successfully used for protecting against bitshift and synchronisation errors in constrained channels and for error control in partial-response channels. - Author(s): M. Premaratne and F.-C. Zheng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 822 –823
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20073712
- Type: Article
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Use of orthogonal space-time block codes (STBCs) with multiple transmitters and receivers can improve signal quality. However, in optical intensity modulated signals, output of the transmitter is non-negative and hence standard orthogonal STBC schemes need to be modified. A generalised framework for applying orthogonal STBCs for free-space IM/DD optical links is presented.
Lower bound on minimum Lee distance of algebraic–geometric codes over finite fields
Orthogonal space–time block codes for free-space IM/DD optical links
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- Author(s): D. Pastor ; W. Amaya ; R. Garcia-Olcina
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 824 –825
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071171
- Type: Article
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For the first time to the authors' knowledge a design procedure of OCDMA en/decoders based on superstructured fibre Bragg gratings employing synthesis methods is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Experimental results show a clear reduction of the insertion losses, maintaining unaltered the en/decoding capabilities in comparison with standard weaker devices.
Design of high reflectivity superstructured FBG for coherent OCDMA employing synthesis approach
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- Author(s): H. Zhong ; A. Tyagi ; N.N. Fellows ; R.B. Chung ; M. Saito ; K. Fujito ; J.S. Speck ; S.P. DenBaars ; S. Nakamura
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 825 –827
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071323
- Type: Article
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Blue-green InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well light emitting diodes with peak emission wavelength of 480 nm were grown on low extended defect density semipolar (112̄2) bulk GaN substrates by conventional metal organic chemical vapour deposition. The calculated external quantum efficiency and output power at a drive current of 20 mA under pulsed operations (10% duty cycle) were 18% and 9 mW, respectively. The device exhibited small electroluminescence wavelength shift (4.5 nm) with drive currents ranging from 30 to 100 mA, indicating significant reduction of polarisation-related internal electric fields. - Author(s): S.-W. Seo and N.M. Jokerst
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 827 –828
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070982
- Type: Article
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Metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors with three contacts are proposed for subtracting slow hole currents for a shorter impulse response. The long tail, due to these slow holes, was eliminated using an MSM photodetector with three contacts. The measured FWHM of the device was 12.9 ps, and the tail was effectively removed.
Demonstration of high power blue-green light emitting diode on semipolar (112̄2) bulk GaN substrate
Suppressing long tail in impulse response of MSM photodetectors using slow hole current subtraction
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- Author(s): P.J. van der Merwe ; J.H. Cloete ; P.W. van der Walt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 829 –830
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070826
- Type: Article
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A method is presented whereby a compact circuit generates bipolar VHF waveforms of which the relative duration and amplitude of the positive and negative half cycles are adjustable. This facilitates fine tuning of the waveform for a time limited response when driving resistor-capacitor loads. Performance is verified by measurements on a system functioning as a ground penetrating radar system where the antenna presents such an equivalent load.
Bipolar waveform generator for time limited response when driving RC loads
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- Author(s): R.E. Simpson ; A. Mairaj ; R.J. Curry ; C.-C. Huang ; K. Knight ; N. Sessions ; M. Hassan ; D.W. Hewak
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 830 –832
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071290
- Type: Article
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Ga:La:S:Cu films have been prepared by sputter deposition. Amorphous thin films were fabricated with Cu concentrations as high as 66 at.%. The electrical phase change properties of these films have been investigated. The electrical resistivity of these materials is 200 Ωm in the amorphous state and 40 Ωm in the crystalline state. The crystallisation time was measured using an optical pump probe method and confirmed to be 150 ns. The high resistivity of these films in both their crystalline and amorphous states allows low current, Joule, heating and therefore shows potential for the utilisation as the active layer in electrical phase change memory devices. - Author(s): G.S. Chung and K.S. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 832 –834
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071263
- Type: Article
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The characteristics of poly (polycrystalline) 3C-SiC grown on SiO2 and AlN buffer layers by CVD are described. XRD and FT-IR were used to obtain the crystallinity and Si-C bonding structure of the poly 3C-SiC according to various growth temperatures and buffer layers. The surface chemical composition and the electron mobility of the poly 3C-SiC grown on each buffer layer were investigated by XPS and the Hall effect. - Author(s): J.B. Boos ; B.R. Bennett ; N.A. Papanicolaou ; M.G. Ancona ; J.G. Champlain ; R. Bass ; B.V. Shanabrook
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 834 –835
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071305
- Type: Article
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Antimonide-based p-channel HFETs with a 0.25 µm gate length have been fabricated with an InAlSb/AlGaSb barrier and a strained In0.41Ga0.59Sb quantum well channel. The modulation-doped material exhibits a Hall mobility of 1020 cm2/V s and a sheet density of 1.6×1012 cm−2. The devices have a maximum DC transconductance of 133 mS/mm and an fT and fmax of 15 and 27 GHz, respectively. These values are the highest reported to date for this material system. - Author(s): C.H. Lee ; S.L. Wu ; S.H. Chen ; C.W. Kuo ; Y.M. Lin ; J.F. Chen ; S.J. Chang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 835 –836
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071064
- Type: Article
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Investigation of the negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) mechanism of a strained Si0.7Ge0.3 pMOSFET with 30 nm tetraetho oxysilane (TEOS) oxide is presented. Because the carriers are confined in the buried SiGe channel, less threshold voltage shift and smaller drain current degradation are found in a strained SiGe pMOSFET compared to the Si control counterpart. Further, data of thermal active energy (Ea) are in agreement with the reaction-diffusion model. Our findings reveal that the strained Si0.7Ge0.3 pMOSFET has improved electrical properties and NBTI immunity because of less drain current degradation, less threshold voltage shift and longer lifetime. - Author(s): A. Khalid ; G.M. Dunn ; N. Pilgrim ; C.R. Stanley ; I.G. Thayne ; M. Holland ; D.R.S. Cumming
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 837 –838
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071099
- Type: Article
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A millimetre-wave Gunn triode device using an AlGaAs/GaAs quantum well structure is realised. The material used was grown by molecular beam epitaxy and devices were made using electron beam lithography. Oscillation occurs at 83 GHz for a 0.5 µm gate length device with a 1.3 µm gate-cathode separation. Experimental results are in excellent agreement with Monte Carlo calculations. Planar Gunn triodes have potential for high frequency chip integration for millimetre-wave and terahertz applications.
Electrical phase change of Ga:La:S:Cu films
Heteroepitaxy of polycrystalline 3C-SiC film on Si substrate using AlN buffer layer
High mobility p-channel HFETs using strained Sb-based materials
Negative bias temperature instability characteristics of strained SiGe pMOSFETs
Planar Gunn-type triode oscillator at 83 GHz
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- Author(s): R. Ranganathan ; T.T. Yang ; W.B. Mikhael
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 838 –840
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070497
- Type: Article
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A novel implementation of the complex block adaptive independent component analysis algorithm is presented. The new realisation is employed for the separation of complex signals with known source distributions. In practice, such situations are commonly encountered. Computer simulations show that the new algorithm converges much faster than the already existing complex fast-ICA in time-varying channels. In addition, the fast convergence of the novel technique is maintained with variation in the processing block size and is computationally cost effective. - Author(s): H.-J. Kwon ; J.-S. Baek ; J.-S. Seo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 840 –841
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070421
- Type: Article
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A weighted block adaptive channel estimation (WBA-CE) for a space-time block-coded (STBC) single-carrier transmission with a cyclic-prefix is proposed. In the WBA-CE, the STBC matrix-wise block for the past decision output is first formulated in a receiver. Using this formulated block and a weighted a posteriori error vector-based least-square (LS) criterion, the coefficient correction terms of the WBA-CE are then computed. Finally, the performance of the WBA-CE according to a block size is evaluated in a time-varying typical urban channel.
Adaptive ICA for separation of complex signals with known source distributions in time-varying channels
Weighted block adaptive channel estimation for STBC SC-FDE over frequency-selective fading channels
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- Author(s): Y.F. Guan and A.Q. Hu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 15, p. 841 –843
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070161
- Type: Article
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A new concept-traffic diversity is proposed for resource allocation of orthogonal frequency division multiple access system. With traffic diversity, the transmitter designates different bit error rate (BER) level for each kind of traffic. The transmission data rate corresponds to the BER level. At the receiver, this separated traffic, which belong to the same user, will be aggregated. Simulation results show that traffic diversity can increase the throughput by 27%.
Traffic-diversity-based resource allocation for OFDMA system
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Absorptive frequency selective surface using parallel LC resonance
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- Type: Article
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Partial spectral search-based DOA estimation method for co-prime linear arrays
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Experimental verification of on-chip CMOS fractional-order capacitor emulators
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54 Gbit/s OOK transmission using single-mode VCSEL up to 2.2 km MMF
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