Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 43, Issue 11, 24 May 2007
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Volume 43, Issue 11
24 May 2007
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- Author(s): X.-C. Lin and C.-C. Yu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 599 –600
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070454
- Type: Article
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A novel 2450/5600 MHz CPW-fed hybrid antenna consisting of a CPW-fed inductive slot antenna and a dual inverted-F monopole antenna is proposed and investigated experimentally. This proposed hybrid antenna exhibits dual-band behaviour with sufficient bandwidths to meet the system requirements of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), IEEE 802.11a (5725–5825 MHz), HIPERLAN/2 (5470–5725 MHz) and IEEE 802.11 b/g (2400–2483 MHz). Measurements show that the 10 dB return loss bandwidth (VSWR<2) for the low and high bands reaches as much as 152 MHz (2384–2536 MHz) and 350 MHz (5473–5823 MHz), respectively. Moreover, peak antenna gain is 1.62 dBi in the low band and 4.6 dBi in the high band. - Author(s): C.W. Jung ; I. Kim ; Y. Kim ; Y.E. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 600 –602
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070870
- Type: Article
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A small-sized (radiator≃21×9 mm) coupled monopole antenna for concurrent operation mode is presented. The proposed antenna operates in four service bands with two feed ports: port 1: WiBro (2.3–2.4 GHz) and WLAN 802.11a (5.15–5.35 GHz); port 2: m-RFID (908.5–914 MHz) and m-WiMAX (3.4–3.6 GHz). To increase the isolation between the two ports, two filters are used in both feed-lines. The frequency bands of the proposed antenna can be used at the same time for concurrent operation mode. - Author(s): Y.-J. Ren ; M.-Y. Li ; K. Chang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 602 –603
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071061
- Type: Article
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A new rectifying antenna for 35 GHz wireless power transmission is presented. The rectifying antenna (rectenna) is designed on R/T Duroid 5880 substrate with ɛr=2.2 and thickness of 1.3 mm. The rectenna arrays are built by series-connecting single elements for higher DC output. The single element, the 1×2 array, and the 2×2 array achieve RF-to-DC conversion efficiencies of 35% when the power density is 30 mW/cm2, corresponding to DC voltages of 0.45, 0.93 and 1.73 V, respectively. The linearity of the rectenna is good, hence it can be used as the building block to assemble a large rectifying antenna array with predictable output performance. - Author(s): B.H. Sun ; J.F. Li ; Q.Zh. Liu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 603 –605
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070703
- Type: Article
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A low profile antenna, with polarisation diversity, for operation in a tyre pressure monitoring system (TPMS), is investigated. By combining the signals received from the two ports in phase or 180° out of phase, the antenna can operate at two different modes: a top-loaded monopole antenna and a planar dipole antenna located very close to a conducting plane (about 0.028 λ). Two significant techniques are used to enhance impedance bandwidth and to reduce antenna length. A prototype is implemented and the results obtained are given. - Author(s): Q. Wu ; R. Jin ; J. Geng ; J. Lao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 605 –606
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070910
- Type: Article
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A rectangular disk monopole antenna with a novel notched ground for potential low-cost ultra-wideband applications is proposed. This notched ground can adjust the electromagnetic coupling effects between the disk monopole and the ground plane, and improves its impedance bandwidth dramatically without any cost of size or expense. Its impedance bandwidth defined by VSWR <2 is from 3.1 to 11.8 GHz with a ratio of about 3.8:1. Furthermore, this novel monopole antenna exhibits a nearly omnidirectional radiation pattern with compact size and simple structural configuration, which is suitable for various wideband applications.
Dual-band CPW-fed hybrid antenna
Multiband and multifeed antenna for concurrent operation mode
35 GHz rectifying antenna for wireless power transmission
Polarisation-diversity antenna for TPMS application
Ultra-wideband rectangular disk monopole antenna with notched ground
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- Author(s): S. Jacobsen and Ø. Klemetsen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 606 –608
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070577
- Type: Article
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The use of active antennas in microwave radiometric thermometry is investigated, where prospective applications are within biomedical diagnostics. By incorporating a tiny low-noise amplifier, with only marginal self-heating, in the antenna probe, it is shown that the temperature accuracy of a broadband radiometer can be improved as a consequence of a smaller overall system noise figure. Proof of concept is verified experimentally through increased detectability of a hot object within a lossy medium. - Author(s): D.H. Kim ; J.U. Kang ; I.K. Ilev
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 608 –609
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070951
- Type: Article
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A simple confocal microscope design based on a single hollow-core fibre approach has been developed and experimentally analysed. Key optical components are the use of a hollow-core photonic bandgap fibre and a holed-mirror beam-splitter, both of which provide significant reduction of Fresnel back-reflections at the fibre tips and total background level resulting in increased resolving confocal laser power. - Author(s): S.Y. Chen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 609 –611
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070576
- Type: Article
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An approach is presented for analysing cardiac deformation mechanics. A physics-based deformable model is trained from a set of 4D images. The mechanics of myocardium are quantitatively analysed and the working conditions of the heart are statistically evaluated by observing their deviations from normal values.
Active antennas in medical microwave radiometry
Advanced confocal microscope using single hollow-core photonic bandgap fibre design
Cardiac deformation mechanics from 4D images
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- Author(s): S.J. Piestrak
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 611 –612
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070141
- Type: Article
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New comparators of the Hamming weight of binary vectors built using threshold circuits are proposed. One version compares the Hamming weight of a binary vector to a fixed threshold, whereas the other compares the Hamming weights of two independent vectors. Their applications include digital neural networks, pattern matching and median/rank filters. - Author(s): D. Crookes and M. Jiang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 613 –614
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070761
- Type: Article
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Hardware implementations of arithmetic operators using signed digit arithmetic have lost some of their earlier popularity. However, SD is revisited and used to realise an efficient radix-16 generic multiplier, which has particular potential for low-power implementation. The SD multiplier algorithm reduces the number of partial products to as much as 1/4, and in initial tests reduces the estimated power consumption to only about 50% of that of the Booth multiplier. It is different from other previous high-radix methods in that it employs a novel method to generate its partial products with zero arithmetic logic.
Efficient Hamming weight comparators of binary vectors
Using signed digit arithmetic for low-power multiplication
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- Author(s): M.L. Åslund and S.D. Jackson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 614 –615
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070758
- Type: Article
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The use of long-period fibre gratings (LPGs), which provide a wavelength specific loss in a cavity, in order to change the emission wavelength of a fibre laser, is introduced. Using a moderately strong LPG, the output wavelength of an Nd3+-doped aluminosilicate fibre laser is forced to operate at 1088 nm; a wavelength relating to Nd3+ ions situated in Al3+ deficient sites. - Author(s): S.M. Abdur Razzak ; Y. Namihira ; F. Begum
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 615 –617
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070558
- Type: Article
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A simple structure of octagonal photonic crystal fibre (O-PCF) for ultra-flattened chromatic dispersion and extremely low confinement losses is presented. It has been demonstrated that a four-ring O-PCF can operate a single mode in a 390 nm wavelength range with ultra-flattened chromatic dispersion and a very low confinement loss less than 0.001 dB/km.
Long-period grating as wavelength specific loss elements in fibre lasers
Ultra-flattened dispersion photonic crystal fibre
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- Author(s): X. Tian ; Z. Zhou ; Y.-H. Tan ; J.-W. Tian
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 617 –618
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070089
- Type: Article
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A parallel 9/7-tap wavelet (PA97) based on the lifting structure is introduced. Compared to the Cohen-Daubechies-Feauveau 9/7-tap (CDF97) wavelet adopted by JPEG2000, it results in smaller, faster hardware with exactly the same image compression performance, and is therefore an ideal alternative to CDF97. - Author(s): S.K. Im and A.J. Pearmain
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 618 –620
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20073931
- Type: Article
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A model is presented to efficiently select inter or intra coding mode for macroblocks at an anticipated packet loss rate. This model considers only a few most probable combinations of decoder errors at the encoder side and offers a low complexity algorithm for inter/intra selection to balance compression efficiency with error resilience. - Author(s): Y.K. Choi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 620 –621
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070144
- Type: Article
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A new isosurface reconstruction scheme from a set of tomographic cross-sectional images is presented. The method, called shrink-wrapped isosurface (SWIS), surmounts the O(1)-adjacency limitation of the marching cubes algorithm by generalising the concept of isopoints (iso-density points). The coarse initial mesh is iteratively metamorphosed into the final isosurfaces by the shrink-wrapping process. Experiments prove SWIS to be very robust and efficient in isosurface reconstruction.
Parallel 9/7-tap wavelet based on lifting structure
Pyramid model for macroblock inter/intra mode selection in robust video coding
Shrink-wrapping based isosurface reconstruction from cross-sectional images
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- Author(s): D. Wang ; L.G. Jiang ; C. He
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 621 –623
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070068
- Type: Article
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Noise variance is an important parameter for single-carrier ultra-wideband systems with frequency domain equalisation. The conventional method cannot obtain the noise variance in the case of using the estimated channel coefficients by least square (LS) criteria, whereas the LS channel estimator is a promising candidate owing to its easy implementation. To overcome this contradiction, proposed is a novel noise variance estimator using the LS channel coefficient estimates with the aid of a complex pilot sequence. Also derived is the Cramer-Rao bound on the proposed estimator. In addition, Chu's sequence is chosen as the optimal pilot sequence of LS channel estimation without increase of peak-to-average power ratio and with easy realisation. Simulations demonstrate the performance of the proposed schemes.
Noise variance estimation and optimal sequences for channel estimation in SC-FDE UWB systems
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- Author(s): C.-W. Han ; M.-K. Han ; M.S. Kim ; W.-J. Nam ; S.-J. Bae ; K.-Y. Kim ; I.-J. Chung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 623 –624
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070706
- Type: Article
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An active-matrix organic light emitting diode (OLED) display employing a hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film transistor prefers a cathode-contact structure to an anode-contact structure. A new normal top-emitting OLED employing cathode-contact structure is proposed. To implement normal OLED structure, the cathode layer on top is separated as sub-pixels by a negative photoresist separator. The current of the cathode-contact structure is maintained 20% higher after 20 h than that of the anode-contact structure during the accelerated life test.
Top-emitting OLED pixel employing cathode-contact structure with a-Si:H thin-film transistors
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- Author(s): J.-K. Woo ; D.-K. Jeong ; S. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 624 –626
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070036
- Type: Article
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A new fast-locking scheme is applied to a clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit based on a phase-locked loop. Locking time is reduced by using an autonomously reconfigurable charge pump and loop filter. A 1.25 Gbit/s prototype CDR circuit has been implemented in a 0.18 µm CMOS technology. - Author(s): W.K. Lo ; W.S. Chan ; C.W. Li ; C.K. Leung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 626 –627
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070915
- Type: Article
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A novel bidirectional distributed amplifier is configured by integrating a bidirectional amplifier (BDA) into a distributed amplifier. The BDA is formed by connecting two identical FETs in ‘reverse’ parallel. Experimental results show that symmetric S-parameters are obtained in the range 0.8–2.2 GHz without additional phase equalisation.
Fast-locking CDR circuit with autonomously reconfigurable mechanism
Self-phase equalised bidirectional distributed amplifier
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- Author(s): D. Zhu ; D. Cai ; S. Kopetz ; A. Neyer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 627 –629
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070805
- Type: Article
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The environmental stability of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based optical waveguides implemented in electrical-optical circuit boards has been tested against international standards. Temperature shock, moisture treatments, dry heat exposure as well as soldering float showed only a moderate impact on optical waveguide performance. - Author(s): A. Enokihara ; A. Suzuki ; J. Adachi ; T. Iwamoto ; H. Murata ; Y. Okamura
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 629 –630
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070320
- Type: Article
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A new periodic waveguide structure with grooves etched on the surface of a proton-exchanged LiNbO3 ridge is demonstrated. The grooves were fabricated by ICP dry etching. A steep stop band of 3.2 nm width at 1.545 µm was obtained by the 355 µm-long periodic waveguide. Induced optical group delay was estimated at 4.6 ps per 1 mm waveguide length. - Author(s): S. Honda ; Z. Wu ; J. Matsui ; K. Utaka ; T. Edura ; M. Tokuda ; K. Tsutsui ; Y. Wada
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 630 –631
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070884
- Type: Article
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A largely-tunable wideband Bragg grating on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) rib waveguide loaded with Au/Cr heater is presented. A deep first-order Bragg grating with smooth etched side wall has been successfully etched by deep reactive-ion etching (deep-RIE). As a result, a wide bandwidth of about 4 nm at −10 dB transmission-level was obtained with a tuning range of about 18 nm using the thermo-optic effect. - Author(s): E. Cantelar ; M. Domenech ; G. Lifante ; F. Cusso ; A.C. Busacca ; S. Riva-Sanseverino ; A. Parisi ; A.C. Cino
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 632 –633
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070334
- Type: Article
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Simultaneous generation of four spectral emission lines has been achieved in Nd-doped lithium niobate reverse proton exchange optical waveguide cavities. Using a pump at 800 nm, the four lines were found and they are due to lasing at 1.3735 combined with parametric conversion at 0.687, 0.574 and 0.4 µm.
Environmental stability of PDMS-waveguides for electrical-optical circuit boards
Fabrication and evaluation of LiNbO3 periodic waveguide with etched grooves
Largely-tunable wideband Bragg gratings fabricated on SOI rib waveguides employed by deep-RIE
Multi-line NIR-RGB emission in Nd:LiNbO3 RPE optical waveguides
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- Author(s): H. Luo ; S.R. Laframboise ; Z.R. Wasilewski ; H.C. Liu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 633 –635
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070578
- Type: Article
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An experimental study of the effects of injector barrier thickness on the performance of terahertz quantum-cascade lasers is reported. The injector barrier is varied from 54 to 38 Å in an otherwise identical 3.4 THz laser structure. It is shown that the threshold current density at 10 K increases monotonically from 445 A/cm2 to 1.29 kA/cm2 with reducing barrier thickness. On the other hand, an optimum injector barrier thickness of 44 Å is found to give rise to a maximum lasing temperature of 141 K.
Effects of injector barrier on performance of terahertz quantum-cascade lasers
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- Author(s): S. Gruszczynski ; K. Wincza ; K. Sachse
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 635 –636
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070613
- Type: Article
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A compact broadband low-loss 4×4 Butler matrix is presented, for the first time in multilayer asymmetric technology. A coupled-line 3 dB compensated microstrip multilayer directional coupler is utilised as a basic element of the Butler matrix. Excellent performance is achieved over one-octave frequency band in terms of amplitude and phase responses. A tandem connection of two 3 dB directional couplers with reference lines is used as a crossover of transmission lines giving, additionally, the needed broadband 45° phase shift; moreover, no interlayer connections are necessary. The network can be easily applied in integrated planar and conformal multibeam antenna arrays as a surface mount element. - Author(s): H. Eisele
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 636 –638
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070936
- Type: Article
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The performance of an in-line WR-6 waveguide power combiner was evaluated with three second-harmonic InP Gunn devices around 280 GHz. The spacing between the two waveguide cavities was varied using WR-6 waveguide spacers. In one configuration, an output power of 10.5 mW was measured at a second-harmonic frequency of 280.7 GHz. This output power corresponds to an overall DC-to-RF conversion efficiency of 0.33% and a power-combining efficiency of more than 110%. - Author(s): T. Kangasvieri ; J. Halme ; J. Vähäkangas ; M. Lahti
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 638 –639
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070948
- Type: Article
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A high-performance ball-grid-array (BGA) package transition applicable in high-speed digital and millimetre-wave module packaging has been designed and fabricated. Measured results agreed well with full-wave electromagnetic simulations, showing return and insertion loss values better than 17 dB and 1 dB, respectively, up to 47 GHz. - Author(s): C.-K. Oh ; T.-Y. Kim ; C.-S. Park
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 639 –641
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070724
- Type: Article
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A reconfigurable photonic microwave bandpass filter with negative coefficients based on polarisation modulation is proposed. Experimental results show that a filter response can be reshaped by changing the polarisation state and power of optical sources corresponding to sign and amplitude of filter coefficients, respectively. - Author(s): E.H.W. Chan and R.A. Minasian
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 641 –642
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070143
- Type: Article
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A new microwave photonic notch filter structure is presented. It is based on a remodulation concept, in which the second modulation is frequency selective. Results are presented for the new structure, which show a sharp narrow notch with a notch 6 dB bandwidth of 63 kHz and a notch depth of 44 dB, a wide passband, and coherence-free operation with no phase induced intensity noise.
Compact broadband Butler matrix in multilayer technology for integrated multibeam antennas
Dual Gunn device oscillator with 10 mW at 280 GHz
High-performance vertical transition for broadband and millimetre-wave BGA module packaging
Reconfigurable photonic microwave bandpass filter with negative coefficients based on polarisation modulation
Remodulation based coherence-free photonic notch filter with wide passband
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- Author(s): H. Hasegawa ; Y. Oikawa ; T. Hirooka ; M. Nakazawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 642 –644
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070171
- Type: Article
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Described is 40 Gbit/s transmission over 2 km at 850 nm achieved using a singlemode photonic crystal fibre (PCF) and a singlemode vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL). The group velocity dispersion of the PCF was −62.8 ps/nm/km, which was 35 ps/nm/km less than that of a conventional step-index fibre at 850 nm. Error-free transmission was successfully achieved. - Author(s): C.F. Marki ; F.A. Marki ; S.C. Esener
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 644 –646
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070822
- Type: Article
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A novel method for reduction of in-band interferometric crosstalk in intensity modulated optical links is demonstrated by filtering using a DC block. Conditions for noise reduction are described and experimental results show as much as 6.5 dB power penalty improvement for 10 Gbit/s non-return-to-zero modulation.
40 Gbit/s-2 km photonic crystal fibre transmission with 850 nm singlemode VCSEL
Reduction of interferometric optical crosstalk penalty via DC blocking
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- Author(s): H.S. Mok ; S.H. Kim ; Y.H. Cho
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 646 –647
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070296
- Type: Article
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The resolver is mainly used to obtain position information when driving the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). A resolver generates periodic position errors owing to the transformer ratio difference and excitation signal distortion. When the vector control is done with the position information that includes position error, torque ripple is periodically generated. An algorithm is proposed that reduces torque ripple components by applying a simple torque ripple compensation method to the current controller.
Reduction of PMSM torque ripple caused by resolver position error
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- Author(s): T. Benshidoum ; G. Ghibaudo ; F. Boeuf
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 647 –649
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070712
- Type: Article
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The channel length dependence of the stress-induced carrier velocity gain in linear and saturation operation regimes is investigated in uniaxially and biaxially stressed N-MOSFETs. Results indicate that, even though strained CMOS technology offers significant mobility gain (here 55% at maximum), saturation velocity effects strongly reduce its impact on the saturation region as manifested by the degradation of the velocity gain measured at high drain voltage.
Comparison of carrier velocity gain in uniaxially and biaxially strained N-MOSFETs
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- Author(s): A. Cortés ; I. Vélez ; A. Irizar ; J.F. Sevillano
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, p. 649 –650
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070535
- Type: Article
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Comparison is made of the area and performance of several pipeline-SDF Radix-2i IFFT/FFT architectures for an MB-OFDM UWB system. Among the studied architectures, the pipeline-SDF radix-24-CSD is proposed as the most area efficient core for an MB-OFDM UWB system. - Author(s): M. Lee and G. Zeng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 11, page: 651 –651
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070145
- Type: Article
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A family of fast Jacket transform algorithms that have identical stage factorisations is presented by making use of suitable permutation matrices. The proposed algorithms are faster than the conventional Jacket transforms.
Area efficient IFFT/FFT core for MB-OFDM UWB
Family of fast jacket transform algorithms
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