Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 42, Issue 6, 16 March 2006
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Volume 42, Issue 6
16 March 2006
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- Author(s): J. Kim ; C.S. Cho ; J.W. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 315 –316
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20063713
- Type: Article
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p.
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A band notch characteristic using a slot-type split ring resonator (SRR) working at microwave frequencies is used for designing a UWB antenna requiring the rejection of some frequency band, which is already in use by existing wireless services. The slot-type SRR is employed effectively for notching unwanted frequency band such as that for WLAN service, since it can be implemented with a small dimension and in a high Q operation similarly to the conventional strip-type SRR. Based on the simulation and measurement results, a band notched UWB antenna using a slot-type SRR is very effective in rejecting unwanted frequency in terms of its selectivity and small real estate. - Author(s): S.V. Shynu ; G. Augustin ; C.K. Aanandan ; P. Mohanan ; K. Vasudevan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 316 –318
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060238
- Type: Article
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A new electronically reconfigurable dual frequency microstrip patch antenna with highly simplified varactor tuning circuitry is presented. The proposed design allows relatively independent selection of the two operating frequencies. Tuning ranges of 7.1 and 4.1% are realised for the two resonant frequencies without the use of any matching circuits. - Author(s): C.-W. Su and J.-S. Row
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 318 –319
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20064040
- Type: Article
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A microstrip antenna with broadband circular polarisation (CP) is presented. The proposed microstrip antenna has a circular patch and is excited by a series microstrip-line-feed configuration through the coupling of a ring slot in the ground plane. The broadband operation is achieved by coupling two CP resonant elements, which are due to the circular patch and the ring slot, respectively. A typical prototype using foam material of thickness 5 mm as the antenna substrate is constructed. Measured results show the 3 dB-axial-ratio bandwidth centred at 2500 MHz is more than 10%. - Author(s): B.R. Holland ; R. Ramadoss ; S. Pandey ; P. Agrawal
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 319 –321
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20063554
- Type: Article
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The operating frequency of a coplanar patch antenna is tuned using a varactor mounted at one of the radiating edges. The coplanar patch antenna is tunable from 4.92 GHz at 0 V to 5.40 GHz at 19.5 V with a return loss better than 14 dB in this frequency range. The antenna provides a return loss better than 32 dB in the tunable frequency range of 5.16 to 5.40 GHz.
5.2 GHz notched ultra-wideband antenna using slot-type SRR
C-shaped slot loaded reconfigurable microstrip antenna
Slot-coupled microstrip antenna for broadband circular polarisation
Tunable coplanar patch antenna using varactor
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- Author(s): A. Materka and M. Byczuk
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 321 –322
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060171
- Type: Article
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A technique of half-field alternate visual stimulation, combined with differential EEG signal measurement, is applied to acquire steady-state brain-evoked signals. Taking the difference of two signals, measured with properly placed electrodes, enhances the visual-evoked potential (VEP) and suppresses the noise components. An array of different-flash-frequency light-emitting-diode (LED) pairs forms a multiple-choice table. By fixating at different LED pairs, the user communicates (by the VEP of corresponding frequency) his/her decision about the selection of the table entry. - Author(s): J. Chen ; J. Ma ; Y. Zhang ; X. Shi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 322 –324
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20063812
- Type: Article
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A new wavelet-based ECG compression method is presented. Wavelet transform coefficients are quantised with a uniform scalar dead zone quantiser. The Exp-Golomb coding is used to code the lengths of runs of the zero coefficients. The Golomb-Rice coding is used to code the nonzero coefficients. Experiments on several records from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database show that the proposed coding algorithm outperforms other recently developed ECG compression algorithms. - Author(s): D.W. Kim ; Y. Zhang ; K.L. Cooper ; A. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 324 –325
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060040
- Type: Article
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A species-specific biosensor is presented based on the combined use of a reflection mode long period fibre grating with nanoscale self-assembly. Self-assembled polyelectrolyte layers and the immobilisation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) were used for sensor fabrication. The sensor's fringe position shift induced by specific antigen-antibody binding has been observed, and non-specific binding was minimised with binding block. The results show the feasibility of the sensor for various bio/chemical applications. - Author(s): Q. Xu ; H. Wang ; Z. Xu ; G. Li
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 326 –327
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20063890
- Type: Article
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A frequency domain multiplexing (FDM) technique is described for parallel acquisition of magnetic resonance images. Two signals from different RF coils encoded with different frequencies were combined to feed into a high-speed ADC. The multiplexed signal is then decoded by a commercial multi-carrier digital receiver. Experimentation found no phase shift, no SNR loss and essentially no crosstalk in the proposed FDM method. It is expected that the FDM technique, with the development of commercially available digital receivers, may be valuable and cost-effective in the design of a parallel MRI receiver system. - Author(s): X. Wang and P.X. Liu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 327 –329
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20064042
- Type: Article
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A new controller design method for bilateral force-reflecting teleoperatorsorientated to telesurgical applications is presented. The impedance of the remote environment is estimated online and the parameters of the system controller are adaptively updated accordingly. The proposed method shows quite visible improvement of haptic (force) feedback fidelity under the condition of stability compared to traditional passivity-based approaches.
Alternate half-field stimulation technique for SSVEP-based brain–computer interfaces
ECG compression based on wavelet transform and Golomb coding
Fibre-optic interferometric immuno-sensor using long period grating
Frequency domain multiplexing for parallel acquisition of MR images
Improvement of haptic feedback fidelity for telesurgical applications
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- Author(s): T.E. Collins and S.I. Long
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 329 –331
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20063695
- Type: Article
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p.
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A new topology for flip-flops is presented. A current amplifier is incorporated into a standard, current mode logic, D-type flip-flop. The gain cell effectively buffers the clock without requiring additional current. Level shifting emitter followers from the clock are reduced in size and current. The frequency response of the gain cell selectively applies a keep-alive current to the circuit at high frequency without distorting low frequency outputs. The flip-flop is configured as a static frequency divider and compared to a standard flip-flop in a bipolar SiGe process. The new circuit is faster and requires less clock power at high frequency, making it suitable for large-scale integration.
Design of high-speed bipolar flip-flops for reduced clock loading
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- Author(s): D.M. Taylor ; C.R. Bennett ; T.J. Shepherd ; L.F. Michaille ; M.D. Nielsen ; H.R. Simonsen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 331 –332
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20064382
- Type: Article
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p.
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A novel microstructured fibre has been created for use in an optical interconnection system. The fibre has low crosstalk with a high density of cores corresponding to 1150 channels/mm2. A repeating pseudorandom binary sequence has been used to demonstrate a four-channel transmit/receive system using vertical cavity surface emitting lasers as both emitters and detectors. - Author(s): Y. Zhao and S.D. Jackson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 332 –333
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20063613
- Type: Article
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p.
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Multi-watt oscillation of a Yb3+-doped silica fibre pump laser is demonstrated at two wavelengths when pump-coupled Raman fibre laser resonators are constructed using fibre end reflection and a dielectric mirror, which are common to both the pump and Raman fibre lasers. Using an off-resonant Bragg grating to force the initial oscillation of the Raman fibre laser, pump emission at the anti-Stokes wavelength is demonstrated. - Author(s): G. Rego ; F. Dürr ; P.V.S. Marques ; H.G. Limberger
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 334 –335
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20063919
- Type: Article
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p.
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Long-period gratings were written using arc discharges in pristine nitrogen doped fibres. Comparison of the resulting gratings spectra show that the resonant positions of gratings in fibres pre-annealed at 1050°C for 30 min are shifted towards shorter wavelengths and their coupling strength is considerably higher. The refractive index and residual stress profiles were measured before and after annealing, as well as the two-dimensional stress profiles inside the grating region. Arc discharges induce periodic and strong asymmetric stresses in the fibre core of the pre-annealed nitrogen doped fibre.
Demonstration of multi-core photonic crystal fibre in an optical interconnect
Forced pump oscillation at anti-Stokes wavelength of coupled Raman fibre laser resonators
Strong asymmetric stresses arc-induced in pre-annealed nitrogen-doped fibres
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- Author(s): S.-W. Han and E. Yoon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 335 –337
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20064189
- Type: Article
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An area-efficient correlated double sampling (CDS) circuit is proposed. In conventional designs, most of the area of CDS circuits is occupied by two large on-chip sampling capacitors. A new CDS scheme is devised using only one sampling capacitor. The proposed CDS circuit has been successfully realised in a small two column pitch of 7.2 µm in a test chip fabricated using 0.18 µm CMOS process and has demonstrated fixed pattern noise less than 0.46%. - Author(s): X.J. Shen and Z.F. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 337 –338
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20063843
- Type: Article
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A new image retrieval method based on dynamical interesting features selection is proposed. The method uses the Fisher discriminant criterion to dynamically select optimal interesting features from the images and uses them to retrieve the similar images in the database. Experimental results show that it has better retrieval performance than the DPF based and classical Minkowski distance based methods. - Author(s): Y. Gong
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 338 –340
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20063717
- Type: Article
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p.
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An improved macroblock mode selection method based on the ROPE algorithm is proposed for the H.264/AVC encoder. The proposed method avoids the recursive calculation of second moment values by using the standard deviation. Simulation results show much improved performance over the method in the current H.264/AVC reference encoder.
Area-efficient correlated double sampling scheme with single sampling capacitor for CMOS image sensors
Feature selection for image retrieval
Improved macroblock mode selection for H.264/AVC in wireless environments
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- Author(s): J. Ramırez-Angulo ; A. Garimella ; L.M.K. Garimella ; A.J. López-Martín ; R.G. Carvajal
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 340 –341
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20064320
- Type: Article
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A simple input offset compensation scheme, with reduced sensitivity to charge injection and leakage, is introduced. It stores an amplified version of the offset that is applied during normal operation on the input side through a capacitive divider. Offset compensation takes place in a voltage additive manner in a separate path from the input signal. Experimental results of a test chip are shown that validate the proposed scheme. - Author(s): Z. Fu ; P. Weerakoon ; E. Culurciello
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 341 –343
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060109
- Type: Article
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An analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) in a 0.5 µm silicon-on-sapphire CMOS technology is reported. This innovative ADC uses a 2C-1C capacitor chain and a switched capacitor comparator. The ADC is capable of sampling at 409 kS/s, consuming 900 nW at 1.1 V power supply and 1.35 µW at 1.5 V. It uses an active area of 300×700 µm2 and 640×1070 µm2 with pads.
Input offset compensation scheme with reduced sensitivity to charge injection and leakage
Nano-Watt silicon-on-sapphire ADC using 2C-1C capacitor chain
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- Author(s): F. Van Laere ; M. Ayre ; D. Taillaert ; D. Van Thourhout ; T.F. Krauss ; R. Baets
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 343 –345
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20064128
- Type: Article
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The design and fabrication of compact grating couplers in InP-membrane waveguides for coupling to standard singlemode fibre is presented. A wafer bonding technique is applied to achieve a high vertical index contrast. Coupling efficiencies of 30% were measured on first fabricated couplers. - Author(s): M. Mackenzie ; C.Y. Kwok ; A. Michael ; K. Yu ; C. Kaalund
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 345 –346
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20064434
- Type: Article
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A silica lens pair has been designed to facilitate the free-space optical propagation between opposing planar waveguides. Each lens consists of a graded refractive index slab with a convexly shaped front face. A technique for compensating for the non-vertical etch of the front face curvature is described and shown to result in a significant reduction of optical loss.
Compact and efficient fibre-to-waveguide grating couplers in InP-membrane
Etch slope compensation for planar silica waveguide lens pair
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- Author(s): S. Schwertfeger ; J. Wiedmann ; B. Sumpf ; A. Klehr ; F. Dittmar ; A. Knauer ; G. Erbert ; G. Tränkle
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 346 –347
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060260
- Type: Article
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A 1083 nm hybrid master oscillator power amplifier system consisting of a DBR laser and a tapered amplifier has been realised. A maximum output power of 7.4 W in single-longitudinal mode operation with a narrow spectral linewidth and a sidemode suppression ratio better than 40 dB is presented. - Author(s): S. Sudo ; K. Mizutani ; J. De Merlier ; T. Okamoto ; K. Tsuruoka ; K. Sato ; K. Kudo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 347 –349
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060056
- Type: Article
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p.
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An external cavity wavelength tunable laser using a novel gain chip with a monolithically integrated variable optical attenuator is demonstrated. An output power tuning range of 55 dB and output powers in excess of 15 dBm were obtained over the whole C-band. - Author(s): D. Liang ; J. Wang ; D.C. Hall
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 349 –350
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20064090
- Type: Article
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p.
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A GaAs-based high-index-contrast ridge waveguide laser is fabricated using a self-aligned process of deep dry etching plus oxygen-enhanced wet thermal oxidation of low Al-content AlGaAs. Lasers operating at λ=813 nm (CW, 300 K) with external differential quantum efficiencies as high as 78% are demonstrated, indicating effective passivation of the directly-oxidised etched active region sidewall surface. - Author(s): G. Balakrishnan ; S.H. Huang ; A. Khoshakhlagh ; A. Jallipalli ; P. Rotella ; A. Amtout ; S. Krishna ; C.P. Haines ; L.R. Dawson ; D.L. Huffaker
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 350 –352
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20064286
- Type: Article
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Monolithic vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) on Si are demonstrated. The GaSb multi-quantum well active region embedded in an Al(Ga)Sb half-wave cavity spacer layer enables lasing under room-temperature optically-pumped conditions. The 13% lattice mismatch is accommodated by a spontaneously formed 2-D array of 90° misfit dislocations at the AlSb/Si interface. This growth mode produces very low defect density (∼8×105/cm2) and relaxed materials growth (98%) without the use of a buffer layer. Presented are VCSEL lasing spectra, light-in against light-out curves along with defect density measurements performed by microscopy and etch-pit density. A threshold excitation density of Ith=0.1 mJ/cm2 and a multimode lasing spectrum peaked at 1.62 µm, results from a 3 mm pump-spot size.
7.4 W continuous-wave output power of master oscillator power amplifier system at 1083 nm
External cavity wavelength tunable laser with on-chip VOA using etched mirror based integration technology
High-efficiency native-oxide-passivated high-index-contrast ridge waveguide lasers
Room-temperature optically-pumped GaSb quantum well based VCSEL monolithically grown on Si (100) substrate
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- Author(s): H.W. Liu ; T. Yoshimasu ; L.L. Sun
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 352 –353
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060230
- Type: Article
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A new dual-spiral-shaped slot resonator in a coplanar waveguide (CPW-DSR) is studied. Also, its equivalent circuit model is introduced and used for multi-resonant performance analysis. Finally, a bandstop filter using periodically loaded CPW-DSRs is presented and verified by simulations and measurement. - Author(s): E.A. Fardin ; A.S. Holland ; K. Ghorbani
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 353 –355
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060129
- Type: Article
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A method for tuning the centre frequency of a 3 dB hybrid coupler using varactor diodes is presented. The circuit is suitable for reconfigurable or multifunction transceivers that switch between several narrow frequency bands. A prototype covering the PCS, DCS and IMT2000 cellular bands (1710–2170 MHz) is demonstrated. - Author(s): J. Vukusic ; B. Alderman ; T.A. Emadi ; M. Sadeghi ; A.Ø. Olsen ; T. Bryllert ; J. Stake
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 355 –356
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060277
- Type: Article
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An InAlGaAs/InP based heterostructure barrier varactor (HBV) frequency multiplier is designed and fabricated. Embedded on a circuit in a multiplier block, the system exhibits state-of-the-art, flange-to-flange efficiency of 21% at 102 GHz. The maximum output power was 32 mW, which could be further increased by scaling and integration of the device. - Author(s): Y.-S. Jeon and S. Nam
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 356 –358
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20064224
- Type: Article
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A non-deterministic pulse technique for pulsed oscillating amplifiers is presented. Using random pulse width modulation (RPWM) for switching the injection-locked oscillator, its discrete harmonics are spread. Measured results show that discrete harmonics are reduced by 60 dB, which greatly reduces the filtering required for these harmonics. - Author(s): H. Eisele
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 358 –359
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060218
- Type: Article
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p.
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InP Gunn devices with two similar graded doping profiles were evaluated for third-harmonic power extraction above 400 GHz. The oscillators used the configuration of a WR-6 waveguide cavity for the InP Gunn device and a WR-2 dielectric-filled conical horn with the appropriate waveguide transition for power measurements with a quasi-optical absolute power meter. The best devices yielded output power levels of 45 µW at 409 GHz, 40 µW at 412 GHz and 40 µW at 422 GHz. - Author(s): H.-T. Kim ; S. Lee ; J.-H. Park ; Y.-K. Kim ; Y. Kwon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 359 –361
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20064317
- Type: Article
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A new wideband three-port balun is developed using a standard uniplanar monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) process. This structure does not rely on bulky resonant circuits, and thus can be realised in a small size and show ultra-wideband characteristics. Out of phase characteristic between two output ports is inherently achieved by field transformations through physical transitions of uniplanar transmission lines. A fabricated back-to-back balun pair showed insertion loss less than 1.85 dB and return loss more than 10 dB over an ultra-wideband frequency range from 1 to 92.5 GHz.
CPW bandstop filter using periodically loaded slot resonators
Electronically tunable lumped element 90° hybrid coupler
HBV tripler with 21% efficiency at 102 GHz
High-efficiency power amplifier using injection-locked pulsed oscillator with non-deterministic pulse technique
InP Gunn devices for 400–425 GHz
Ultra-wideband uniplanar MMIC balun using field transformations
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- Author(s): J.C.S. Santos Filho ; M.D. Yacoub ; P. Cardieri
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 361 –363
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20064091
- Type: Article
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The distribution of the sum of independent non-identical lognormal variates is approximated by a lognormal distribution the parameters of which are suitably varied over the range of probabilities. The new method is highly accurate and keeps track of the exact sum distribution, outperforming previous lognormal approximations.
Highly accurate range-adaptive lognormal approximation to lognormal sum distributions
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- Author(s): Y. Cao ; J. Gu ; L. Qi ; D. Yang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 363 –364
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20063676
- Type: Article
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A new hybrid ARQ (HARQ) scheme is introduced for irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. It is based on degree distributions and so is called degree distribution based HARQ (DDB-HARQ). In DDB-HARQ, the receiver selectively retransmits a certain percentage of the nodes with large degrees each time. According to the simulation results, DDB-HARQ brings a significant gain to the LDPC coded system, since the nodes with large degrees in a frame contribute more to the performance.
Degree distribution based HARQ for irregular LDPC
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- Author(s): S.M. Sait and M.R. Minhas
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 364 –365
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20064272
- Type: Article
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A hybrid heuristic for multiobjective VLSI cell placement is presented, which draws from the memory concept of Tabu search (TS) and the goodness feature of Simulated Evolution (SimE). Experimental results using ISCAS-89 benchmark circuits illustrate improvement in quality as compared to our best canonical TS implementation.
SimE/TS fuzzy hybrid for multiobjective VLSI placement
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- Author(s): E. Yamazaki ; G. Weichenberg ; A. Takada ; T. Morioka
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 365 –367
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20064412
- Type: Article
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A novel configuration for polarisation-insensitive parametric wavelength conversion that does not require tunable optical filters for extraction of the converted light and rejection of the input signal and pump lights is proposed and has been experimentally demonstrated. The proposed configuration experimentally achieves an input signal rejection ratio of more than 30 dB, and a conversion efficiency dependence on input signal light polarisation of less than 0.3 dB.
Polarisation-insensitive parametric wavelength conversion without tunable filters for converted light extraction
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- Author(s): C.-H. Chen ; D. Wolfson ; L.A. Johansson ; D.J. Blumenthal ; L.A. Coldren
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 367 –369
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060132
- Type: Article
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A method of all-optical synchronisation is proposed and demonstrated at 40 Gbit/s. Based on pre-programmable fibre Bragg grating array and fast-switched widely-tunable wavelength converters, negligible power penalty is achieved up to 1 µs delay as well as 100% layer 2 throughput. - Author(s): X. Jin ; H. Chi ; X. Zhang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 369 –370
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060239
- Type: Article
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A novel scheme to improve the frequency response of radio over fibre systems is proposed. It is based on a narrowband fibre Bragg grating (FBG) as a flattening filter with its spectral slope used to compensate the frequency response declination in the high frequency band. FBG also functions as a tilted filter to suppress one sideband of the double-sideband modulated signals and optical carrier signal for reducing the influence of chromatic dispersion to system performance. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. - Author(s): J. Armstrong and A.J. Lowery
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 370 –372
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20063636
- Type: Article
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A new technique for using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in optical systems is presented. Clipped OFDM is derived from a bipolar OFDM waveform by setting the negative values to zero. It has an optical efficiency 8 dB better than DC biased OFDM. If only the odd OFDM subcarriers are modulated, the clipping noise is orthogonal to the wanted signal. - Author(s): K.-Å. Persson ; C. Carlsson ; A. Alping ; Å. Haglund ; J.S. Gustavsson ; P. Modh ; A. Larsson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 372 –374
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20064130
- Type: Article
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A high-performance singlemode VCSEL developed for analogue applications has been evaluated for use in a radio-over-fibre link for WCDMA in-building distributed antenna systems. The experiment showed penalty-free transmission over a wide range of input RF powers. The ACLR limited the downlink input RF power to less than –13 dBm.
Demonstration of 40 Gbit/s optical packet synchronisation using fibre Bragg gratings and fast-tunable wavelength converters
Improving frequency response of radio over fibre systems by fibre Bragg grating
Power efficient optical OFDM
WCDMA radio-over-fibre transmission experiment using singlemode VCSEL and multimode fibre
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- Author(s): C.-L. Fan ; T.-H. Yang ; Y.-C. Chen ; J. Lin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 374 –375
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20063793
- Type: Article
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The effects of laser activation on device behaviour for low-temperature-processed poly-Si thin-film transistors (TFTs) is investigated. The source/drain resistance has a different weight on the device behaviour of laser-activated poly-Si TFTs for different channel lengths. When channel resistance is decreased as a result of the lower grain boundary number in short channel lengths, the source/drain resistance has a significant weight on the device on-state resistance, causing obvious sensitivity between device performance and laser activation energy density, compared with devices fabricated with a long channel length. From the manufacturing view, this sensitivity may cause a narrow laser activation process window resulting in device characteristic uniformity issues. - Author(s): H.-C. Yuan ; N. Jiang ; Z. Ma ; E.T. Croke
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 6, p. 375 –377
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20064041
- Type: Article
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A multi-finger n-type Si/SiGe modulation-doped field-effect transistor fabricated on Si substrate for RF power amplification is demonstrated for the first time. Load-pull measurements performed at 2 GHz on a ten-finger device with a gate length of 0.3 µm and a gate width of 750 µm show a maximum output power of 14 dBm and power gain of 16 dB at 1 dB compression point with power added efficiency of 15%.
Effects of laser activation on device behaviour for poly-Si thin-film transistors with different channel lengths
High-gain multi-finger power n-MODFET on Si substrate
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