Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 42, Issue 18, 31 August 2006
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Volume 42, Issue 18
31 August 2006
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- Author(s): J.P. Alegre ; S. Celma ; M.T. Sanz ; J.M. García del Pozo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1011 –1012
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061484
- Type: Article
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The design of a high performance envelope detector which does not need the traditional compensation between keeping and tracking required in these circuits is presented. Simulation results are offered comparing both the conventional and the proposed envelope detector and the superior performance of this circuit is shown. Tracking is 12.8 times faster and ripple is a third of that corresponding to the conventional counterpart for the same integration capacitance.
Low-ripple fast-settling envelope detector
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- Author(s): A.R. Weily ; K.P. Esselle ; T.S. Bird ; B.C. Sanders
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1012 –1014
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061552
- Type: Article
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A circularly polarised one-dimensional electromagnetic bandgap resonator antenna is demonstrated. Circular polarisation is generated by a sequentially rotated array of linearly polarised stripline slot antennas located in the ground plane of the device. The resonator antenna has the advantages of high gain, simple design and construction, very low sidelobes, good radiation pattern symmetry, and fairly constant boresight axial ratio across the operating bandwidth. Measured and computed results confirm the performance of the antenna. - Author(s): M. Buti and U.C. Fiebig
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1014 –1015
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20062107
- Type: Article
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Presented are the results of a joint statistical analysis of attenuation in satellite communication links at 39.6 GHz, based on four years of data collected in distant sites (d >300 km) during the ITALSAT campaign. The degree of statistical dependence is expressed by the statistical dependence index, defined as the joint probability to exceed a common attenuation threshold, normalised to the value of that joint probability determined for the ideal case of statistical independence between the two sites. - Author(s): T. Korošec ; P. Ritoša ; M. Vidmar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1015 –1017
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061699
- Type: Article
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A new design of a microstrip-patch antenna reconfigurable by means of varactors is presented. The antenna consists of multiple smaller patches connected by varactors that allow frequency tuning, polarisation agility and phase shifting while maintaining good impedance matching. The antenna design does not include any critical ‘via’ connections to the microstrip ground layer. A prototype was fabricated and tested in the L-band frequency range. The obtained frequency-tuning range is from 890 to 1500 MHz with good impedance matching. The polarisation could be adjusted linearly in an arbitrary direction with 180° phase-reversal option. - Author(s): J. Chen and J.G. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1017 –1019
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061926
- Type: Article
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A new FDTD method with weakly conditionally stability is presented. The time step in this method is only determined by one space discretisation. Because the split error in this method is proportional to the time step, not the square of the time step, the accuracy of the proposed technique is better than that of the ADI-FDTD method, this being demonstrated by numerical examples. - Author(s): R.J. Mailloux ; S.G. Santarelli ; T.M. Roberts
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1019 –1020
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20062252
- Type: Article
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Irregular polyomino-shaped subarrays are shown to provide a practical and effective means for introducing time delay into an array with phase steering. The elimination of quantisation lobes, with resulting peak sidelobes suppressed more than 14 dB below the quantisation lobes of an array of rectangular subarrays, is demonstrated.
High gain circularly polarised 1-D EBG resonator antenna
Joint statistics of slant-path attenuation in distant sites measured with ITALSAT at 40 GHz
Varactor-tuned microstrip-patch antenna with frequency and polarisation agility
Weakly conditionally stability FDTD scheme with reduced split error
Wideband arrays using irregular (polyomino) shaped subarrays
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- Author(s): W.S. Ra and I.H. Whang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1020 –1022
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061053
- Type: Article
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Based on the robust least squares wave frequency estimator, a real-time algorithm for long-term prediction of ship rolling motion is proposed for fire control applications. Simulation results using actual ship motion measurements show that the proposed scheme does not only make the prediction problem of non-stationary ship motion tractable but also enables real-time computation with good accuracy.
Real-time long-term prediction of ship motion for fire control applications
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- Author(s): I. Chahine ; M. Kadi ; E. Gaboriaud ; C. Maziere ; A. Louis ; B. Mazari
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1022 –1024
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061903
- Type: Article
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An innovative modelling approach to predict the level of susceptibility of integrated circuits to conducted disturbances such as a sine wave is presented. Artificial neural networks are used to develop the proposed modelling approach. A good correlation between measured and simulated results is obtained.
Modelling of integrated circuit susceptibility to conducted electromagnetic disturbances using neural networks theory
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- Author(s): C.X. Yu ; J.E. Kansky ; S.E.J. Shaw ; D.V. Murphy ; C. Higgs
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1024 –1025
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061938
- Type: Article
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Coherent combining of a record 48 PM fibres in a phased array configuration is reported. The resulting Strehl ratio degrades by <1 dB and the residual phase error is <λ/30. The use of a 2-D fibre array as the beamformer makes this approach scalable to >1000 fibres. - Author(s): R. Herda ; A. Isomäki ; O.G. Okhotnikov
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1025 –1027
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20062122
- Type: Article
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The effects of high-order dispersion of photonic bandgap fibre on a femtosecond fibre laser have been analysed. Asymmetrical spectral distribution of soliton sidebands is attributed to the high value of the third-order dispersion in bandgap fibre that provides unusual cavity characteristics when dispersion changes the regime from anomalous to normal across the bandwidth of optical pulses. - Author(s): C. Chen and J. Albert
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1027 –1028
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061631
- Type: Article
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The different strain-optic coefficients for the effective indices of the core and cladding modes of a standard telecom singlemode fibre are measured by stretching a fibre in which a 4°-tilted fibre Bragg grating has been written. The origin of the modal dependence of the strain-optic coefficient differences is analysed and discussed. Good agreement between theoretical and experimental values of these coefficients is reported.
Coherent beam combining of large number of PM fibres in 2-D fibre array
Soliton sidebands in photonic bandgap fibre lasers
Strain-optic coefficients of individual cladding modes of singlemode fibre: theory and experiment
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- Author(s): M. Tesanovic ; D.R. Bull ; A. Doufexi ; A.R. Nix
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1028 –1030
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20062092
- Type: Article
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A new scheme for MIMO video transmission using multiple-description coding is proposed. Significant improvements are demonstrated over conventional video transport methods. These are further improved through intelligent transmit power allocation, which yields improvements in average PSNR of up to 11 dB compared to standard, single-description video transmission.
H.264-based multiple description coding for robust video transmission over MIMO systems
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- Author(s): C. Hermans ; F. Tavernier ; M.S.J. Steyaert
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1030 –1031
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061608
- Type: Article
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A limiting amplifier, implemented in a standard 0.18 µm CMOS technology, is presented. At 6 Gbit/s a BER of 10−12 is achieved for an input voltage of 8 mVpp. Large signals with an input amplitude of 600 mVpp can be detected error-free, resulting in a dynamic range of 37.5 dB at 6 Gbit/s. Current consumption is 40 mA from a 1.8 V power supply.
6 Gbit/s limiting amplifier with high dynamic range in 0.18 µm CMOS
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- Author(s): N. Ikeda ; Y. Sugimoto ; Y. Watanabe ; N. Ozaki ; A. Mizutani ; Y. Takata ; J.S. Jensen ; O. Sigmund ; P.I. Borel ; M. Kristensen ; K. Asakawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1031 –1033
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20062027
- Type: Article
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Numerical and experimental studies on the photonic crystal waveguide intersection based on the topology optimisation design method are reported and the effectiveness of this technique is shown by achieving high transmittance spectra with low crosstalk for the straightforward beam-propagation line in the intersection.
Topology optimised photonic crystal waveguide intersections with high-transmittance and low crosstalk
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- Author(s): T. Ohgoh ; A. Mukai ; A. Mukaiyama ; H. Asano ; T. Hayakawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1033 –1034
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061859
- Type: Article
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More than 10 000 h accelerated life tests have been carried out for 660 nm GaInP/AlGaInP laser diodes at 5 mW output power in the temperature range 50–90°C. The median lifetime at 60°C is estimated to be 1×106 h. - Author(s): K. Mansour ; Y. Qiu ; C.J. Hill ; A. Soibel ; R.Q. Yang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1034 –1036
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20062442
- Type: Article
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Continuous-wave operation of a mid-infrared (∼3.3 µm) interband cascade laser has been demonstrated at temperatures up to 264 K. The laser has also been operated continuously with a thermoelectric cooler near 260 K for more than 1900 h without observable degradation. - Author(s): P.C. Peng ; C.T. Lin ; H.C. Kuo ; G. Lin ; W.K. Tsai ; H.P. Yang ; K.F. Lin ; J.Y. Chi ; S. Chi ; S.C. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1036 –1037
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061316
- Type: Article
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This investigation experimentally demonstrates tunable optical group delay in a 1.3 µm quantum dot vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (QD VCSEL). The QD VCSEL is fabricated on a GaAs substrate. Tunable delays are achieved by varying the bias currents, and the maximum delay of 42 ps at 10 GHz has been demonstrated at room temperature.
Highly reliable operation of 660 nm visible laser diodes at high temperatures
Mid-infrared interband cascade lasers at thermoelectric cooler temperatures
Tunable optical group delay in quantum dot vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser at 10 GHz
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- Author(s): J.-S. Lim ; U.-H. Park ; Y.-C. Jeong ; K.-S. Choi ; D. Ahn ; S. Oh ; J.-J. Koo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1037 –1039
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061448
- Type: Article
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An ultra-wideband coplanar waveguide (CPW) balun for operation over 800–5000 MHz using a commonly used hybrid microwave substrate is proposed. The CPW balun consists of a multistage Wilkinson structure, an ‘X’-shaped phase inverting structure, bottom-bridges and via-holes. The proposed balun does not need any additional circuit area for the generation of out-of-phase characteristics, so its size is exactly that of the basis Wilkinson divider. - Author(s): J.H. Kim ; H.J. Eom ; M.Y. Park
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1039 –1040
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061724
- Type: Article
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Scattering from a conducting circular cylindrical cavity fed by a coaxial probe is studied. A fast convergent series solution is obtained by utilising the results of monopole radiation in parallel plates. Numerical results agree well with other existing results. - Author(s): B.L. Ooi ; Y. Wang ; Y.Q. Zhang ; L.H. Guo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1040 –1041
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20062266
- Type: Article
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A novel millimetre-wave CPW bandpass filter implemented with the wafer transfer technology has been realised. An insertion loss of 1.2 dB, a return loss of 16 dB centred at 26 GHz and a fractional bandwidth of 12% have been achieved. Good agreement has been achieved between the measured data and simulated results. - Author(s): Y. Kersalé ; N. Boubekeur ; M. Chaubet ; L. Garçon ; N. Bazin ; V. Giordano
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1042 –1043
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061961
- Type: Article
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Characterisation of a new microwave temperature compensated sapphire-rutile resonator oscillator is reported. The oscillator frequency instability performances are better than 2×10−13 for τ<1000 s, and the frequency drift is estimated at 2.5×10−12/day. These medium- and long-term results constitute, to date, the state-of-the-art for microwave temperature compensated sapphire resonator oscillators. - Author(s): B. Jokanovic and D. Markovic
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1043 –1045
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061769
- Type: Article
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A novel, broadband microstrip-to-waveguide transition for X-band is presented. It is highly reproducible and easy to assemble, as it requires no electrical contact with the waveguide walls. The transition realised with large loss tangent substrate demonstrates low insertion loss −0.35 dB at the centre frequency as well as 31% bandwidth with return loss better than −12 dB.
800–5000 MHz ultra-wideband CPW balun
Coaxial probe in circular cylindrical cavity
Implementation of millimetre-wave filter using wafer transfer technology
SputteredTiO2-sapphire temperature compensated resonator oscillator
Wideband microstrip-to-waveguide transition using double-Y balun
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- Author(s): O. Holland ; A. Golaup ; A. Hamid Aghvami
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1045 –1046
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061908
- Type: Article
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Packet scheduling algorithms for HSDPA, which perform excellently and are fair among traffic classes, but can also be configured to prioritise traffic classes to better serve a purpose, e.g. such as an urgent reconfiguration software download, are presented. The effectiveness of these scheduling algorithms is proved through simulations. - Author(s): X. Wang ; W. Wang ; Z. Bu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1046 –1048
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061744
- Type: Article
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Closed-form expressions for the average level crossing rate and average fade duration are derived for selection diversity receivers, operating over an arbitrary number of independent but nonidentical Nakagami-lognormal fading input signals. The derived analytical results have been validated by simulation.
Efficient packet scheduling for HSDPA allowing inter-class prioritisation
Fade statistics for selection diversity in Nakagami-lognormal fading channels
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- Author(s): L. Dinoi ; R. Martini ; G. Masera ; F. Quaglio ; F. Vacca
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1048 –1049
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061668
- Type: Article
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A new class of partially structured LDPC codes is proposed and their performance evaluated. Part of the parity check matrix has a very regular structure that strongly simplifies implementation; a few randomly distributed ones, supported by a programmable ASIP (application specific instruction set processor), improve error correcting capabilities. - Author(s): M.A. Armand
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1049 –1051
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20062240
- Type: Article
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Chase decoding is applied to linear codes over ℤ4 and demonstrated is the achievable performance/complexity trade-offs when the associated hard-decision decoder corrects beyond the classical error-correction bound with certain probability. - Author(s): A. Blad and O. Gustafsson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1051 –1052
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061544
- Type: Article
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Data representations for LDPC decoders using the sum-product algorithm in the log-likelihood domain are considered. It is suggested that the look-up table implementation of the domain transform function is separated into two parts, allowing a compact representation of the internal state data. Memories and bus widths can be reduced by typically 16%, while the imposed hardware overhead is insignificant. - Author(s): C. Jégo ; P. Adde ; C. Leroux
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1052 –1054
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20062168
- Type: Article
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A full-parallel architecture for turbo decoding, which achieves ultra-high data rates when using product codes as error correcting codes, is proposed. This architecture is able to decode product codes using binary BCH or m-ary Reed-Solomon component codes. The major advantage of our architecture is that it enables the memory blocks between all half-iterations to be removed. Moreover, the latency of the turbo decoder is strongly reduced. The proposed architecture opens the way to numerous applications such as optical transmission and data storage. In particular, the block turbo decoding architecture can support optical transmission at data rates above 10 Gbit/s. - Author(s): A. Guillén i Fàbregas and A. Grant
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1054 –1056
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061292
- Type: Article
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Metrics suited for iterative decoding of non-coherently detected bit-interleaved coded orthogonal modulation are studied. Proposed are metrics that do not require the knowledge of the signal-to-noise ratio, yet still offer very good performance. - Author(s): M.I. Rahman ; N. Marchetti ; E. de Carvalho ; R. Prasad
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1056 –1057
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060515
- Type: Article
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The performance of combined quasi-orthogonal space-frequency block code (SFBC) and spatial multiplexing in one joint diversity and multiplexing (JDM) structure in a realistic wireless scenario has been analysed. Minimum mean square error and zero forcing nulling based ordered successive interference cancellation receivers are studied for the above-mentioned JDM scheme. It is observed through simulations that the studied JDM scheme performs very well in the presence of spatial correlation caused by antenna separation and by the line of sight component.
ASIP design for partially structured LDPC codes
Chase decoding of linear ℤ4 codes
Energy-efficient data representation in LDPC decoders
Full-parallel architecture for turbo decoding of product codes
Parameter free iterative decoding metrics for non-coherent orthogonal modulation
Spatially multiplexed quasi-orthogonal SFBC system
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- Author(s): C.W. Son ; S.H. Kim ; Y.T. Byun ; Y.M. Jhon ; S. Lee ; D.H. Woo ; S.H. Kim ; T.-H. Yoon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1057 –1059
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061918
- Type: Article
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All-optical multi-functional logic gates by using the gain nonlinearity characteristics of cross-gain modulation in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) have been demonstrated. Using three SOAs, all-optical multi-functional logic gates for the simultaneous operations of AND, NOR and XNOR at 10 Gbit/s were successfully demonstrated. - Author(s): S. Tanaka ; S. Tomabechi ; A. Uetake ; M. Ekawa ; K. Morito
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1059 –1060
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061683
- Type: Article
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A polarisation-insensitive semiconductor optical amplifier module with a thin tensile-strained multiple quantum well active layer is developed. The module exhibited a record high saturation output power of +20.0 dBm and a low noise figure of 6.0 dB at 1550 nm together with a small polarisation-dependent gain of 0.6 dB. - Author(s): M. Le Dû ; D. Massoubre ; J.-C. Harmand ; J.-L. Oudar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1060 –1062
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20062192
- Type: Article
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Thermal resistivity measurements were carried out on GaAs-based monolithic saturable absorber microcavities. Two-types of microcavity mirrors were compared: GaAs/AlAs against GaAs/AlxOy Bragg reflectors processed by lateral-wet-oxidation of Al(Ga)As layers. It is found that GaAs/AlxOy mirrors are not efficient heat dissipators, the GaAs/AlxOy microcavity structure showing a thermal resistivity more than ten times higher than the GaAs/AlAs structure. Using modelling to fit the experimental data, thermal conductivity of the 250 nm AlxOy layers is estimated to be approximately 0.007 WK−1cm−1. These results illustrate a significant drawback related to the use of thick wet-oxidised Al(Ga)As/GaAs layers.
Realisation of all-optical multi-functional logic gates using semiconductor optical amplifiers
Record high saturation output power (+20 dBm) and low NF (6.0 dB) polarisation-insensitive MQW-SOA module
Thermal conductance of laterally-wet-oxidised GaAs/AlxOy Bragg reflectors
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- Author(s): A. Lin and H. Ling
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1062 –1064
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061432
- Type: Article
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A low-complexity radar for human tracking in three-dimensional space is reported. The system consists of a three-element receiving array and two continuous-wave (CW) frequencies configured to provide azimuth bearing, elevation bearing and range measurements. Doppler processing is used for clutter removal as well as to separate multiple moving targets. A radar prototype is constructed and tested. Three-dimensional tracking of multiple humans is performed in both unobstructed and through-wall scenarios.
Three-dimensional tracking of humans using very low-complexity radar
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- Author(s): S. Monaghan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1064 –1065
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061412
- Type: Article
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Using self-contained arguments, exact closed form expressions are obtained for the large-buffer large deviation behaviour of a discrete-time system consisting of a buffered, faulty wireless link supplied by a correlated Bernoulli frame source of the same peak bandwidth. In particular, expressions for the most likely frame rates, frame burst rates and link fault rates leading to overflow of a large buffer are obtained. In the special case of an i.i.d. source and i.i.d. wireless link faults, the source and wireless link swap behaviour in the lead up to the large deviation event.
Large deviation behaviour of faulty wireless link serving correlated Bernoulli source
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- Author(s): L. Rodriguez-Pardo ; J. Fariña ; C. Gabrielli ; H. Perrot ; R. Brendel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 18, p. 1065 –1067
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061854
- Type: Article
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A simple oscillator circuit for high resolution quartz crystal microbalance sensors is proposed for fluid media. It can solve the working problems of standard crystal controlled oscillators in damping media. The design is adapted to the conditions of strong damping that the quartz experiences, so that the oscillation stays in spite of the reduction of the resonator quality factor. The conditions for obtaining a stable frequency according to the resonator damping and the static capacity are studied. Experimental results confirming the success ot the circuit are reported.
Quartz crystal oscillator circuit for high resolution microgravimetric sensors in fluids
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