Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 41, Issue 1, 6 January 2005
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Volume 41, Issue 1
6 January 2005
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- Author(s): S. Baswa ; J. Ramirez-Angulo ; A.J. López-Martín ; R.G. Carvajal ; M. Bikumandla
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 1 –2
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20056711
- Type: Article
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Novel class AB single-stage operational amplifiers are presented. Theyfeature rail-to-rail operation owing to the use of floating-gate input transistors. Initial charge of the floating gates is removed during fabrication, without any post-processing. The amplifiers are fast, simple, and able to operate at low supply voltages. They are highly power efficient owing to the enhanced (super) class AB operation based on adaptive biasing and local common-mode feedback. A 0.5 µm CMOS implementation shows rail-to-rail operation with slew rates of about 40 V/µs for a load of 80 pF and 144 µW of quiescent power consumption.
Rail-to-rail super class AB CMOS operational amplifiers
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- Author(s): A.E. Martynyuk ; J.I. Martinez Lopez ; N.A. Martynyuk
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 2 –4
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20057774
- Type: Article
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An investigation of the periodic structure based on loaded ring slot resonators is presented. It is shown that this structure can be used as a tunable frequency-selective surface. The possibility of building an actively-switched frequency-selective surface based on loaded ring slot resonators is also demonstrated. - Author(s): Y. Kim and E.K. Walton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 4 –5
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20056122
- Type: Article
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The design and optimisation of a small and low-profile antenna for the Satellite Digital Audio Radio System using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm is presented. A fairly omnidirectional elevation gain pattern over −60°<thetas<60° is obtained at the XM frequency band. The height of the antenna is less than 0.19 λ. - Author(s): Y.H. Cho ; M.-L. Ha ; W. Choi ; C. Pyo ; Y.-S. Kwon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 5 –6
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20057307
- Type: Article
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Novel floating-patch micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) antennas are proposed for millimetre-wave applications. The floating-patch MEMS antennas are fabricated on a high resistivity silicon (HRS) substrate using surface micromachining technology. Simulation and experimental results for reflection coefficients and radiation patterns are presented. - Author(s): J.C. Brégains ; F. Ares ; E. Moreno
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 7 –8
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20056849
- Type: Article
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It is shown, by means of numerical simulation, that the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse of a matrix taken from an overdetermined system can be applied to retrieve the excitation distribution of a planar array of parallel dipoles with faulty elements, by measuring the complex radiated field in its near zone. Failures on voltage (considering mutual coupling) and current of several elements, and systematic or random measurement errors, are considered in the simulation.
Active frequency-selective surfaces based on loaded ring slot resonators
Design of small and low-profile antenna for Satellite Digital Audio Radio System
Floating-patch MEMS antennas on HRS substrate for millimetre-wave applications
Matrix pseudo-inversion technique for diagnostics of planar arrays
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- Author(s): C. Dorrer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 8 –10
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20056688
- Type: Article
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The nonlinear phase shift induced on a time-varying optical source propagating in an optical fibre is directly measured using linear optical sampling, a coherent sampling oscilloscope that can measure samples of the electric field of an optical source. Comparison of the measured amplitude and phase yields a direct measurement of the nonlinearity of the optical fibre. - Author(s): T. Veng and B. Pálsdóttir
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 10 –11
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20057504
- Type: Article
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Fusion splice loss between erbium-doped fibres (EDFs) and standard singlemode fibre is discussed. Special attention is paid to the wavelength dependence of splice loss. It is suggested that, for a conventional EDF step index profile, it is difficult to meet both common EDF cutoff requirements and minimising wavelength dependence at the same time. Therefore, a new refractive index profile is suggested. With this design an actual fibre has been made to demonstrate how splice loss as well as wavelength dependence can be reduced. - Author(s): L. Su and C. Lu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 11 –13
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20057078
- Type: Article
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A multimode fibre Bragg grating (MMFBG) based wavelength-switching erbium-doped fibre laser is reported. With a simple singlemode fibre to MMFBG structure, a novel wavelength-selection technique is developed to achieve the wavelength-switching by changing the mode coupling condition in the multimode fibre. 31 discrete lasing wavelengths are obtained over a wide wavelength range.
Direct measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fibre using linear optical sampling
Investigation and optimisation of fusion splicing abilities between erbium-doped optical fibres and standard singlemode fibres
Wavelength-switching fibre laser based on multimode fibre Bragg gratings
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- Author(s): D. Xu and J. An
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 13 –14
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20056861
- Type: Article
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A new salient image extrema detection algorithm applying attribute based morphological analysis is presented. Without the need of image noise filtering, the proposed algorithm can extract effectively salient image extrema by the analysis and valuation of extrema saliency with respect to their morphological attributes. Experimental results show the effectiveness and applicability of our algorithm. - Author(s): L. Song ; J. Xu ; H. Xiong ; F. Wu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 14 –16
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20056525
- Type: Article
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Content adaptive update steps based on the property of the human vision system are presented for lifting-based motion-compensated temporal filtering (MCTF). Simulations confirm that the proposed method improves both the rate-distortion performance for MCFT and the visual quality significantly. - Author(s): K.N. Vikram ; V. Vasudevan ; S. Srinivasan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 16 –18
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20057147
- Type: Article
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In JPEG2000 block coding, all coding passes are generated before rate allocation is performed among code blocks. Unwanted passes are then discarded. For low bit-rate coding, this results in a large number of coding passes being discarded. A rate-distortion estimation method that enables precompression rate-distortion optimisation to be carried out, wherein only the required passes need to be coded is presented. Experiments using the proposed technique demonstrate speed-up factors ranging from 1.17 to 1.78 at 0.0625 bpp, for JPEG2000 compression. - Author(s): T. Shanableh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 18 –19
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20057127
- Type: Article
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A temporal approach to multiple description video coding is proposed. The directionality of the motion compensation and temporal filtering is manipulated at different temporal levels to generate different low-frequency temporal bands. Subsets of the latter bands at various temporal levels are treated as single temporal descriptors. The proposed solution, the resultant excessive bitrate and the associated quality degradations are developed. It is shown that the use of all descriptors results in a moderate increase in bitrate yet video at the same quality of single layer coding is reconstructed. It is also shown that the use of a subset of the descriptors results in bitrate savings, albeit at a reasonable degradation in image quality.
Attribute based salient image extrema detection algorithm
Content adaptive update for lifting-based motion-compensated temporal filtering
Rate-distortion estimation for fast JPEG2000 compression at low bit-rates
Temporal-domain multiple video descriptors using motion-compensated temporal filtering
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- Author(s): S. Jovanovic and A. Nesic
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 19 –21
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20057267
- Type: Article
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An ultra-small microstrip bandpass filter with a new type of capacitive coupled resonator is presented. The filter is more than two times smaller compared to the smallest known filters of the same class. The filter is designed for a centre frequency of 5.3 GHz. The agreement between the predicted and measured results is excellent.
Microstrip bandpass filter with new type of capacitive coupled resonator
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- Author(s): J. Gozalvez and J.J. González-Delicado
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 21 –22
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20056800
- Type: Article
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New quality-based channel allocation mechanisms are evaluated. The mechanisms assign incoming calls the available channel that previously experienced the best link quality. For that purpose, three metrics have been considered: BER, BLER and CIR. The proposed techniques improve the QoS compared to the traditional random allocation mechanism while also offering its benefits in terms of uniform long-term channel use. - Author(s): I. Krikidis ; J.L. Danger ; L. Naviner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 22 –24
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20056964
- Type: Article
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A flexible and reconfigurable receiver architecture for the WCDMA high data rate connections is presented. The proposed architecture consists of a single computational unit featuring the demodulation of one channel path and the suppression of one term of the inter-path interference with minimal configuration logic and routing. This unit is used in a serial fashion to perform the total channel demodulation and IPI suppression. It is controlled by the supervisor, an intelligent architectural element, in order to optimise system performance over a computational power constraint. - Author(s): J. Zhu and G.D. Durgin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 24 –26
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20056605
- Type: Article
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The feasibility of received signal strength (RSS) methods for locating handset calls in a complicated wireless cellular environment is demonstrated. An extensive measurement campaign conducted on the Georgia Tech campus indicates that RSS location techniques can locate handset calls within 100 m error distance to its ground truth 78% of the time for a network with a majority of indoor users. A received signal strength aggregate (RSSA) method for identifying and locating indoor handsets is also proposed. - Author(s): M.G. Sterenborg and J.P.V. Poiares Baptista
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 26 –27
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20056796
- Type: Article
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Absorption at different frequencies in radio-occultation links may be used to derive atmospheric parameters. The impact of scintillation on this type of link is assessed for three different frequencies. Results on this impact are presented and show that scintillation may be the limiting factor in the lower part of the atmosphere when designing this type of link.
Channel allocation mechanisms for improving QoS in packet mobile radio networks
Flexible and reconfigurable receiver architecture for WCDMA systems with low spreading factors
Indoor/outdoor location of cellular handsets based on received signal strength
Scintillation effect on LEO radio-occultation
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- Author(s): C. Peucheret ; B. Zsigri ; T.P. Hansen ; P. Jeppesen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 27 –29
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20057202
- Type: Article
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The first data transmission over air-guiding photonic bandgap (PBG) fibre is demonstrated. A 10 Gbit/s signal was successfully transmitted at 1550 nm over 150 m of singlemode PBG fibre, thus demonstrating their applicability to optical communications. Furthermore, the impact of the polarisation properties of PBG fibres is highlighted experimentally. - Author(s): J.P. Turkiewicz ; G.D. Khoe ; H. de Waardt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 29 –30
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20057435
- Type: Article
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A 1310 to 1550 nm wavelength converter based on nonlinear polarisation rotation in a single semiconductor optical amplifier is demonstrated. Error-free 1310 to 1550 nm wavelength conversion is shown at 20 Gbit/s. - Author(s): A.L.J. Teixeira ; R.N. Nogueira ; P.S.B. André ; M.J.N. Lima ; J.R.F. da Rocha
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 30 –32
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20056408
- Type: Article
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A new scheme, based on Bragg gratings written in highly birefringent fibre that allows both increasing the channel density and relaxing the filter bandwidth requirements in future radio-over-fibre wavelength interleaved distribution networks, is presented and tested. - Author(s): T. Hori ; N. Nishizawa ; H. Nagai ; M. Yoshida ; T. Goto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 32 –33
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20056912
- Type: Article
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A simple and high-speed chromatic dispersion measurement of an optical device is presented. The dispersion parameter is measured at the longer-wavelength region of 1.6–1.9 µm by utilising the two-photon absorption of the optical pulse in an Si avalanche photodiode. The results obtained are in good agreement with those from the interferometric method. - Author(s): H. Maeda ; G. Funatsu ; A. Naka
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 34 –35
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20056834
- Type: Article
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Ultra-long-span 500 km 16×10 Gbit/s WDM unrepeatered transmission without dedicated fibre for remote pumping is successfully demonstrated for the first time. Enabling technologies are the RZ-DPSK format, forward pumped Raman amplification, and second-order backward pumped Raman amplification in combination with enlarged effective area SMF and conventional SMF. - Author(s): H. Arimoto ; J. Shimizu ; M. Shirai ; M. Aoki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 35 –37
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20055733
- Type: Article
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Wide temperature range, from 0 to 85°C, operation of 1.55 µm, 40 Gbit/s InGaAlAs multiple quantum well electro-absorption optical modulators is demonstrated for the first time.
10 Gbit/s transmission over air-guiding photonic bandgap fibre at 1550 nm
All-optical 1310 to 1550 nm wavelength conversion by utilising nonlinear polarisation rotation in semiconductor optical amplifier
Optimised wavelength interleaved radio-over-fibre system based on highly birefringent fibre Bragg gratings
Simple chromatic dispersion measurement by use of wavelength-tunable Raman soliton pulse and two-photon absorption
Ultra-long-span 500 km 16×10 Gbit/s WDM unrepeatered transmission using RZ-DPSK format
Wide temperature range, from 0 to 85°C, operation of a 1.55 µm, 40 Gbit/s InGaAlAs electro-absorption optical modulator
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- Author(s): T. Asano ; W. Kunishi ; M. Nakamura ; B.S. Song ; S. Noda
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 37 –38
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20057116
- Type: Article
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Dynamic and external tuning of the operating wavelength of a channel add/drop device based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab is demonstrated. Thermo-optical effect, where the temperature increase is induced by the absorption of external light, is utilised for the tuning. The tuning speed is shown to be as fast as 20 µs.
Dynamic wavelength tuning of channel-drop device in two-dimensional photonic crystal slab
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- Author(s): K. Takahata ; R. Takahashi ; T. Nakahara ; H. Takenouchi ; H. Suzuki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 38 –40
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20057351
- Type: Article
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An ultrashort electrical pulse with a pulse width of 3.3 ps was generated successfully from an ordinary metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector simply by adding an input resistor and hold capacitor. The new detector not only provides ultrashort fall time, but also has other advantages such as ease of fabrication, high sensitivity, and low-bias operation. - Author(s): S. Akiyama ; H. Itoh ; T. Takeuchi ; A. Kuramata ; T. Yamamoto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 40 –41
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20057033
- Type: Article
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A low-chirp and low-driving-voltage InP-based Mach-Zehnder modulator has been developed using capacitively loaded travelling-wave electrodes. A 10 Gbit/s clear eye opening as well as small frequency chirping was successfully obtained using only single electrical signal of 1.2 V peak-to-peak. - Author(s): L.H. Li ; M. Rossetti ; A. Fiore ; L. Occhi ; C. Velez
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 41 –43
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20056995
- Type: Article
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A superluminescent diode (SLED) using chirped multiple InAs quantum dot (QD) layers as the active region is demonstrated. The fabricated QD SLEDs exhibit a large spectral width up to 121 nm, covering the range 1165–1286 nm.
3.3 ps electrical pulse generation from a discharge-based metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector
Low-chirp 10 Gbit/s InP-based Mach-Zehnder modulator driven by 1.2 V single electrical signal
Wide emission spectrum from superluminescent diodes with chirped quantum dot multilayers
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- Author(s): N.V. Nho and M.J. Youn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 43 –44
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20056612
- Type: Article
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A novel approach to analyse a four-leg multilevel inverter as a model of two simple inverters in series is presented and a carrier-based SVPWM method is proposed. To obtain the optimised switching loss, the zero sequence function is controlled by redundant parameters. The PWM analysis is simplified, and the use of complicated three-dimensional SVPWM concepts is avoided.
Carrier PWM algorithm with optimised switching loss for three-phase four-leg multilevel inverters
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- Author(s): P.N. Kaleeba ; A. Tennant ; B. Chambers
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 44 –45
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20056951
- Type: Article
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An active radar absorber based on a pin diode controlled impedance surface is described. Measured data are presented to show that the absorber can be operated in two distinct modes: first, it can be controlled by varying the DC bias applied to the pin diodes; second, the absorber can be modulated by a time varying signal to operate as a phased-switched screen absorber.
Measured performance of active radar absorber with either DC or modulated current control
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- Author(s): M. Werquin ; C. Gaquiére ; Y. Guhel ; N. Vellas ; D. Theron ; B. Boudart ; V. Hoel ; M. Germain ; J.C. De Jaeger ; S. Delage
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 46 –47
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20056735
- Type: Article
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The benefit of high drain-source bias voltages of GaN devices on sapphire substrates for high linearity applications is demonstrated. Whatever the output power densities considered, the corresponding intermodulation ratio is at least 20 dB better than usual PHEMT devices on GaAs substrates for the same power density. This study demonstrates that GaN devices are ideal candidates for applications requiring high power and high linearity behaviours simultaneously.
High power and linearity performances of gallium nitride HEMT devices on sapphire substrate
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- Author(s): J.-H. Lee and H.-T. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 47 –49
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20056678
- Type: Article
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An optimum sampling interval selection scheme for the least squares Prony method is presented. The sensitivity which quantifies the natural frequency perturbation is defined, and the sampling interval which minimises the sensitivity is selected as an optimum sampling interval. To show the validity of the proposed scheme, the results for the natural frequency extraction of a simulated transient response are presented.
Selection of sampling interval for least squares Prony method
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- Author(s): W. Soluch
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 1, p. 49 –50
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20057316
- Type: Article
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The scattering matrix method was used for design of a surface transverse wave (STW) multimode resonator on quartz. At a frequency of about 506.6 MHz, insertion loss, and loaded and unloaded quality factors of about 13.8 dB, 10 000 and 12 500, respectively, were obtained.
Scattering matrix approach to STW multimode resonators
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