Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 4, Issue 6, 22 March 1968
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Volume 4, Issue 6
22 March 1968
Mean detector for slow fluctuations
- Author(s): H. Sutcliffe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 6, page: 97 –97
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680076
- Type: Article
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p.
97
(1)
Detectors for noise measurements at low frequencies need to be capable of integrating over long periods and should also be immune from drifts of datum level. A circuit satisfying these requirements is described and its performance is quoted. The technique employs a combination of integration and a multilevel transit counting circuit.
Bounds on magnitude of sensitivity to variations of component values of passive transfer-voltage ratios
- Author(s): G. Martinelli and M. Poggelli
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 6, p. 98 –99
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680077
- Type: Article
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p.
98
–99
(2)
Upper and lower bounds on magnitude of transfer-voltage ratio sensitivity to variations in component values are derived. The bounds are expressed as functions of quantities usually available to the designer as group delay and transfer-scattering values. An example shows their convenience for use in determining the sensitivity behaviour of filters.
Laser-beam modulation using grating diffraction effects
- Author(s): J.F.St. Ledger and E.A. Ash
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 6, p. 99 –100
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680078
- Type: Article
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p.
99
–100
(2)
An optical-diffraction modulator, using an electro-optic crystal excited by a periodic array of metallic conductors, is described. The operation of the device is in some ways similar to that of an acoustoelectric modulator; it differs from it in that it has a bandwidth, potentially very wide, which extends from d.c. It may therefore find application as a baseband modulator.
Equivalent circuit for the conductance of an m.o.s.f.e.t.
- Author(s): P.D. Lunsmann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 6, p. 100 –101
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680079
- Type: Article
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p.
100
–101
(2)
A simple equivalent circuit is proposed to cover the deviation of the conductance of an m.o.s.f.e.t. from a linear function of gate voltage.
Electronic control of alternator excitation by gyrators and nonreciprocal networks
- Author(s): D. Midgley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 6, p. 101 –102
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680080
- Type: Article
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p.
101
–102
(2)
A method is described for exciting an alternator from currents in the stator. The rotor is thereby greatly simplified. No slip rings, no rotating rectifiers and no elaborate flux paths are required. The method has been verified experimentally in a version with two amplifiers of unit gain in place of a gyrator. Other proposals are described and involve only passive elements external to the alternator.
Canonical form for deadbeat control
- Author(s): W.G. Vogt and M.H. Mickle
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 6, p. 102 –103
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680081
- Type: Article
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p.
102
–103
(2)
For a time-invariant completely controllable single-input system, a canonical form is established so that the required control sequence is given by the elements of the initial-state vector and so that closed-loop deadbeat control is always possible if the required state variable can be measured.
Phase-plane analysis of a permanent-magnet stepping motor
- Author(s): R.F. Mathams
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 6, p. 103 –104
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680082
- Type: Article
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p.
103
–104
(2)
A method of analysing the behaviour of stepping motors using phase-plane techniques is described. This provides insight into the torque/speed characteristics of such motors and suggests a criterion for optimum switching.
Bang-bang controller using pulse-duration modulation to provide a central linear region
- Author(s): P. Atkinson ; R.L. Davey ; P.B. Fellgett
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 6, page: 105 –105
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680083
- Type: Article
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p.
105
(1)
A technique is described for improving the steady-state performance of a digital bang-bang controller without increasing the sampling frequency.
Simplified quadrature network
- Author(s): M.H. Ackroyd
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 6, p. 105 –108
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680084
- Type: Article
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p.
105
–108
(4)
The number of sections in the delay line of a quadrature network can be halved by replacing one half of the line by an RCnetwork. Measured characteristics of an experimental network are presented.
Frequency response of a distributed piezoelectric source of sound
- Author(s): R.F. Mitchell and M. Redwood
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 6, p. 107 –109
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680085
- Type: Article
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p.
107
–109
(3)
It is shown that the frequency dependence of the ultrasonic signal produced by a piezoelectric source may be simply calculated using the Fourier transform of the spatial distribution of piezoelectric stress.
Application of the reverse emitter-base breakdown and saturation of silicon planar transistors
- Author(s): S.G. Johnson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 6, p. 109 –110
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680086
- Type: Article
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p.
109
–110
(2)
Simple 3-terminal full-wave rectifiers have been designed that depend on the saturation and reverse emitter-base voltage breakdown of silicon planar transistors. The rectifier is used in a transition detector that generates an output pulse when the signal input changes between two voltage levels.
Equivalence of single-stage and Nstage optimum digital control systems
- Author(s): N.R. Tomlinson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 6, p. 110 –111
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680087
- Type: Article
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p.
110
–111
(2)
The system considered is linear with a quadratic performance index. A condition is derived under which an Nstage optimal-control policy reduces to a single-stage policy, with a consequent reduction in the computational effort required for on-line control. The condition is that the number of state variables appearing in the performance index should not exceed the number of control inputs to the system.
Effects of the channel profile on correlation measurements
- Author(s): S. Osnaghi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 6, p. 111 –113
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680088
- Type: Article
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p.
111
–113
(3)
The effects of quantisation on the measurement of statistical properties of random processes are analysed, and the importance of a suitable choice of the channel profile of the convertor is then outlined in order to avoid quantisation errors.
Comment: New results for time averages as statistical averages
- Author(s): J.E. Brignell and H.E. Hanrahan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 6, p. 113 –114
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680089
- Type: Article
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p.
113
–114
(2)
A new form of the expectation integral proposed recently is based on a new discontinuous form of the distribution function. It is shown that this formula can give rise to errors under certain circumstances. An analogous formula can be obtained by partial Stieltjes integration which is more general and does not require modification of definitions of the axiomatic theory of probability.
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