Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 4, Issue 10, 17 May 1968
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Volume 4, Issue 10
17 May 1968
Efficient tree-generation method suitable for computer programming
- Author(s): A.G.J. Holt and J.K. Fidler
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 10, p. 183 –184
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680140
- Type: Article
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p.
183
–184
(2)
A tree and 2-tree generation method which does not suffer from most of the common restrictions, and which is ideally suitable for programming for the digital computer, is described.
Nonreciprocal circular polariser using hexagonal ferrites with planar anisotropy
- Author(s): J. Helszajn and J. McStay
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 10, p. 184 –185
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680141
- Type: Article
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p.
184
–185
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It is the purpose of this letter to describe a nonreciprocal ferrite quarter waveplate which relies on the planar anisotropy of hexagonal ferrites in a longitudinal d.c. magnetic field. In such a system, the energies of the two normal modes are unequal, and the normal modes are in general elliptically polarised. The boundary conditions of the system are satisfied by adjusting the ellipticity of the two normal modes and the overall length of the device.
Reply to ‘Possible physical explanation of the observed behaviour of the hybrid TEM-dual surface wave in a coaxial cable having an electrically loaded inner conductor’
- Author(s): H.M. Barlow
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 10, page: 185 –185
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680142
- Type: Article
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p.
185
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Parallel-fed c.w. Gunn oscillators cascaded in X band waveguide for higher microwave power
- Author(s): S. Boronski
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 10, p. 185 –186
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680143
- Type: Article
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p.
185
–186
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Waveguide devices containing several GaAs Gunn diodes, synchronised to operate at single frequency, have been constructed. Four diodes, cascaded in a waveguide and biased at the same voltage, delivered 300 mW at 9 GHz. These parallel-fed arrays of Gunn oscillators can be tuned to be highly directional. Directivity of 20 dB was observed.
Application of impedance measurements in an investigation of a waveguide thermistor mount
- Author(s): J.A. Lane
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 10, p. 186 –188
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680144
- Type: Article
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p.
186
–188
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The concept of waveguide impedance is used to develop a simple equivalent circuit for a thermistor bead mounted in the centre of a rectangular waveguide. Impedance measurements on such a mount at a frequency of 3GHz show that the self capacitance of the bead is 0.2–0.3pF. This result affords a possible explanation of the errors experienced with some thermistors when measuring microwave power in terms of a d.c. calibration.
Clarke components for a system of busbars with pronounced proximity effect
- Author(s): H.-J. Sigg
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 10, p. 188 –190
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680145
- Type: Article
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p.
188
–190
(3)
The equations governing multiple straight transmission lines are applied to a configuration of three lines in the same plane. By a transformation with a matrix T, corresponding to the Clarke components, the propagation coefficients and modes can easily be found. A numerical example is given of three busbars showing pronounced proximity effect. The example is calculated by analogue simulation on a capacitor-resistor network.
Calibration of an oscillator-noise-measuring system
- Author(s): J. Polívka
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 10, page: 190 –190
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680146
- Type: Article
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p.
190
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The calibration of an oscillator-noise-measuring system has been a problem, chiefly when the f.m. component of oscillator noise was measured. One of the best methods for such a measurement is the correlation method. Using a spectrum analyser, the correlation-function spectrum of the f.m. noise component can be obtained. By the described procedure, the original spectrum of the f.m.-noise component can be calculated.
Proposed Gunn-effect switch
- Author(s): R.W.H. Engelmann and W. Heinle
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 10, p. 190 –192
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680147
- Type: Article
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190
–192
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The possibility of using a Gunn device as a switch similar to a tunnel diode is investigated theoretically. Three switching types are obtained, one of which leads to the homogeneous high-field state with predicted switching times of a few |RN|C (corresponding to the homogeneous sample).
Synthesis by partial-fraction expansion
- Author(s): R.J. Krueger
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 10, p. 192 –193
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680148
- Type: Article
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p.
192
–193
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A necessary coefficient relationship is proved for a class of RLC functions which are realisable by the partial-fraction-expansion technique.
Computed transient solution for the m.s.m. diode with traps
- Author(s): M.R. Boudry
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 10, p. 193 –195
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680149
- Type: Article
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p.
193
–195
(3)
A numerical technique has been developed to simulate a 1-carrier model of the m.s.m. diode with traps. The distributions of free and trapped carriers, and consequently the terminal current, are predicted as functions of time following a step change in the voltage across the device.
Digital statistical analyser for low frequencies
- Author(s): R. Kitai and D. Braithwaite
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 10, p. 195 –197
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680150
- Type: Article
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p.
195
–197
(3)
A measurement process is described for the time integral of the square of a fluctuating voltage and the measuring time on two readout registers, leading to an instrument which provides first and second moments as well as the cumulative amplitude-probability distribution.
Magnetodynamical modes in a ferrite-filled coaxial cavity
- Author(s): I. Wolff
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 10, p. 197 –199
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680151
- Type: Article
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p.
197
–199
(3)
The resonance frequencies of a coaxial ferrite-filled cavity and the field distribution in the cavity are calculated. There are three different groups of modes to be distinguished: the limit-TEM mode, the EH and HE modes, and modes independent of the zco-ordinate, which are TM modes. The eigenvalue equation for all modes is derived and discussed.
Use of a capacitive load in m.o.s. dynamic logic
- Author(s): P. Krebs and A. Ryder
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 10, p. 199 –200
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680152
- Type: Article
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199
–200
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This letter proposes a new form of integrated m.o.s. dynamic logic based on an invertor comprising a single m.o.s.t. and a load capacitor. A compact digital delay line is described consisting of pairs of invertors operating from two clock phases. The technique is briefly compared with other dynamic approaches.
Frequency condition for the stochastic stability of a class of discrete-time control systems
- Author(s): Z. Bubnicki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 10, p. 200 –201
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680153
- Type: Article
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p.
200
–201
(2)
This letter concerns the nonlinear discrete closed-loop control system with a randomly time-varying parameter. For such a system, a frequency criterion of asymptotic stochastic stability in mean square is presented. A simple example is included for illustration.
Switching phenomenon observed in lateral p–n–p transistors
- Author(s): J.D. Last
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 10, p. 201 –202
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680154
- Type: Article
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201
–202
(2)
This letter describes an unusual phenomenon observed in lateral-geometry p–n–p transistors in monolithic integrated circuits. The collector current falls almost to zero when the collector-emitter voltage exceeds a critical value. A hypothesis is advanced to explain the effect, and applications are outlined.
Threshold improvement for phase-lock loop systems
- Author(s): J.J. Uhran
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 10, p. 203 –204
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680155
- Type: Article
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p.
203
–204
(2)
This letter presents an ad hoc modification to the well known phase-lock loop system which yields significant improvement in threshold performance. Specifically, a zero-memory nonlinearity has been added to the forward path of the loop. Experimental evidence is presented to demonstrate the actual performance obtained.
Error-correcting algorithm for adapting a hyperelliptical decision surface for pattern recognition
- Author(s): B.G. Batchelor and B.R. Wilkins
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 10, p. 204 –206
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680156
- Type: Article
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p.
204
–206
(3)
An error-correction method of modifying the position and size of a hyperelliptical discriminant surface is described. The method uses an external teacher from which the only information required is the correct classification for each pattern in the training set. The algorithm may readily be implemented by simple analogue hardware. A digital-computer simulation is described, and results are presented both for the case in which matching between the machine and the teacher is possible, and for the case in which perfect matching is impossible.
Transducer for shear or longitudinal-wave acoustoelectric amplifiers
- Author(s): G.S. Kino
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 10, p. 206 –207
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680157
- Type: Article
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p.
206
–207
(2)
A new configuration for a depletion-layer transducer, which makes use of a ladder line with the two halves at different d.c. potentials, is described in this letter. The transducer should be suitable for use at very high frequencies with an acoustoelectric amplifier.
Theoretical study of the effect of temperature on X band Gunn oscillators
- Author(s): I.B. Bott and W. Fawcett
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 10, p. 207 –209
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680158
- Type: Article
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p.
207
–209
(3)
The output power of X band gallium-arsenide oscillators has been calculated numerically as a function of temperature and bias voltage. Results are presented and compared with experimental data obtained previously. The existence of a hybrid of the domain and l.s.a. modes of operation is predicted.
Simplified equivalent circuit for the noise-figure calculation of microwave transistors
- Author(s): W. Bächtold and M.J.O. Strutt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 4, Issue 10, p. 209 –210
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19680159
- Type: Article
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p.
209
–210
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The equivalent circuit of transistors in the frequency range 0.6–4.2 GHz has been determined. The noise sources of the germanium transistor are represented in the common-emitter connection, and the noise figure has been computed by analogue computation. On neglecting certain elements of the equivalent circuit, a good approximation to the noise figure can be obtained.
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