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1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 38, Issue 11, 23 May 2002
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Volume 38, Issue 11
23 May 2002
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- Author(s): Y.-W. Jang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 495 –496
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020364
- Type: Article
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A U-slot coupled patch antenna with T-shaped microstrip feedline is studied. The characteristics of the proposed antenna depend highly on the length (ld) of the horizontal as well as the offset position (offset) of the feed line. The measured bandwidth was approximately 76.8% for the VSWR≤2.0. Experimental results for the radiation patterns with relatively good characteristics are presented. - Author(s): C.C. Courtney
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 496 –498
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020366
- Type: Article
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A simple lens concept that transforms the aperture field of a conical horn antenna driven by an azimuthally symmetric mode is presented. It is shown that with the appropriate lens geometry the radiated field of the conical horn will exhibit a boresight null (no lens), a boresight peak with linear polarisation, or a boresight peak with circular polarisation. - Author(s): A. Tennant and B. Chambers
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 498 –499
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020349
- Type: Article
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An experimental phase-switched-screen that can be used to impose QPSK modulation onto microwave signals scattered from its surface is described. Measurements of the frequency spectrum of the scattered signal show that high quality phase modulation can be achieved at data rates of at least 12.5 MHz. - Author(s): F.-S. Chang ; S.-H. Yeh ; K.-L. Wong
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 499 –500
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020350
- Type: Article
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A novel planar monopole consisting of two sub-patches and wrapped into a compact structure with a height of 10 mm for 900 and 1800 MHz operation is presented. The antenna can be mounted on the top portion of a mobile phone housing a small distance (4 mm) from the ground plane, resulting in a low profile of 14 mm (about 4.2% of the wavelength at 900 MHz), and the obtained 10 dB return-loss impedance bandwidths cover the GSM (880–860 MHz) and DCS (1710–1880 MHz) bands.
Broadband T-shaped microstrip-fed U-slot coupled patch antenna
Design and numerical simulation of coaxial beam-rotating antenna lens
In-phase and quadrature modulated scatterer
Planar monopole in wrapped structure for low-profile GSM/DCS mobile phone antenna
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- Author(s): H. Masuda ; S. Aozasa ; M. Shimizu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 500 –502
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020348
- Type: Article
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A novel hybrid amplifier with the largest reported seamless gain-bandwidth of 76 nm (1462–1538 nm) and a peak gain of 31.5 dB is described. The amplifier has a low noise figure, high output power, and a dispersion-compensation function at a signal rate of 10 Gbit/s with an 80 km singlemode fibre, over the entire gain bandwidth.
Ultra-wide-band hybrid amplifier consisting of two dispersion-compensating fibres for Raman amplification and thulium-doped fibre
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- Author(s): W. Shengqian ; Z. Yuanhua ; Z. Daowen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 502 –503
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020352
- Type: Article
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A new adaptive shrinkage de-noising algorithm for images based on the neighbourhood characteristics is presented. This algorithm determines the shrinkage thresholds according to the neighbouring coefficients and the noise level. The experimental results show a great improvement with respect to the standard wavelet shrinkage algorithms. - Author(s): Jungwoo Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 503 –505
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020361
- Type: Article
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Noise in original uncompressed video typically degrades the performance of a video encoder. A prefilter is commonly used to remove the noise before compression. Automatic control of the prefilter based on encoder statistics is presented. Simulation results are also provided. - Author(s): Dae-Kyu Shin ; Hyun-Sool Kim ; Tae-Yun Chung ; Taek-Soo Kim ; Sang-Hui Park
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 505 –507
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020336
- Type: Article
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A new method of retrieving images from large image databases is proposed. The method is based on vector quantisation (VQ) of local texture information extracted by a Gabor wavelet filter bank at interest points automatically detected in an image. The performance of the proposed method is tested on a trademark image database and compared with the performance of some existing methods. - Author(s): R. Caetano ; E.A.B. da Silva ; A.G. Ciancio
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 507 –508
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020357
- Type: Article
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A novel method for performing greedy decompositions using generalised bit-planes is proposed. It provides an elegant solution to the trade-off between quantisation of coefficients and number of passes in the matching pursuits algorithm. In addition, when replacing the matching pursuits algorithm in video coding, it provides a significant performance improvement.
Adaptive shrinkage de-noising using neighbourhood characteristic
Automatic prefilter control by video encoder statistics
Image retrieval using VQ-based local Gabor feature
Video coding using greedy decompositions on generalised bit-planes
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- Author(s): R.C.W. Phan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 508 –510
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020347
- Type: Article
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p.
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Recently, a class of generalised four-round impossible differentials of the advanced encryption standard (AES) was presented. The previous work is extended and applies more flexibility to construct two new classes of impossible differentials of the AES
Classes of impossible differentials of advanced encryption standard
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- Author(s): P. Accettola ; M. Balsi ; A. D'Amico ; C. Di Natale ; A. Macagnano ; F. Sortino
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 510 –511
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020341
- Type: Article
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Electronic nose recognition of gases is addressed by extracting time constants of sensor response. Based on a fit of such responses on a proper orthogonal basis, a filtering is introduced that yields the desired result in real-time, significantly earlier than the steady-state. Experiments proved the effectiveness of the approach.
Time-constant extracting filters for fast gas identification in electronic noses
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- Author(s): H.G. Feng ; R.Y. Zhan ; Q. Wu ; G. Chen ; A.Z. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 511 –513
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020356
- Type: Article
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A novel circular pad-oriented low-parasitic all-mode electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection structure is designed in BiCMOS for RF and mixed-signal (MS) ICs, featuring tunable triggering, low voltage clamping (∼2 V), low discharge impedance (∼Ω) and low leakage current (∼pA). It consumes limited silicon and achieves 14 kV ESD protection.
Circular under-pad multiple-mode ESD protection structure for ICs
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- Author(s): N.K. Dutta ; J. Jaques ; A.B. Piccirilli
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 513 –515
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020332
- Type: Article
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Generally the spectrum of a laser diode shifts to long wavelength with increasing temperature. An anomalous shift to short wavelength has been observed for some high power (∼4 W) laser diodes at higher temperatures and current. Experimental results and an analysis are reported which show that this anomalous shift is due to a change in the nature of the laser transition from n=1 levels to that from n=2 levels. Such anomalous shifts are less likely in lasers with thin quantum wells. - Author(s): B. Corbett ; I. Kearney ; P. Lambkin ; J. Justice ; U. Buckley ; K. Thomas
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 515 –516
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020369
- Type: Article
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p.
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The epitaxial layers of an InGaAsP laser structure have been engineered to obtain a transverse mode size of 3.1 µm and a FWHM transverse divergence to 22° while still retaining singlemode operation. Ridge lasers based on this structure demonstrate 32% butt coupling efficiency to singlemode fibre. - Author(s): H.C. Lin ; W.H. Wang ; K.C. Hsieh ; K.Y. Cheng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 516 –517
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020342
- Type: Article
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Using AuGeNiCr multilayered metals as the wafer bonding medium, long-wavelength GaInAsP/InP vertical cavity surface emitting lasers employing Al-oxide/Si as the upper and lower distributed Bragg reflectors were fabricated on Si substrate with the bonding interface formed outside the vertical cavity surface emitting laser cavity. Laser emission at 1.545 µm was measured under pulsed operations near room temperature. The low-temperature metallic bonding process demonstrates a great potential in device fabrication. - Author(s): K. Hamamoto ; K. Naniwae ; M. Ohya
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 517 –519
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020362
- Type: Article
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Active multi-mode interferometer laser diodes (LDs), implemented in InGaAsP/InP, achieved a significant reduction of 40% (at 0.4 W output) in electric power consumption compared to regular single lobe LDs. With them, a high output power of 0.7 W was also obtained at 14XX nm.
Anomalous spectral behaviour of high power laser diodes
Engineering of InGaAsP layer structures for low divergent long wavelength lasers
Fabrication of 1.55 µµm VCSELs on Si using metallic bonding
High power with low electric power consumption active multi-mode-interferometer laser diode for fibre-amplifier
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- Author(s): C.W. Tang and C.Y. Chang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 519 –520
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020340
- Type: Article
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A multilayer ceramic balun designed in the 2.4 GHz ISM band frequency is presented. A multilayer structure to realise the low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) balun is proposed. This type of balun comprises an embedded capacitor and meandered or spiral coupled lines. The use of an LC resonator can shrink the length of a coupled transmission line and can be designed very easily to have various balanced output port impedances. Excellent performance of phase and amplitude balance may be achieved by the proposed method. Measured results of the LTCC-multilayer ceramic (MLC) balun match well with the computer simulation.
LTCC-MLC chip-type balun realised by LC resonance method
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- Author(s): C. Fan ; M. Yang ; H. Cui ; K. Tang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 520 –522
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020358
- Type: Article
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The convergence characteristics of iterative decoding of variable-length codes are discussed. It is observed that variable-length codes with greater redundancy perform better. This suggests that inserting more redundant information in the source-coded bits would be helpful in enhancing the overall performance when iterative decoding is employed.
Convergence analysis on iterative decoding of variable-length codes
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- Author(s): P. Bousselet ; S. Lanne ; J.P. Thiéry ; Y. Frignac ; F. Leplingard ; C. Simonneau ; E. Corbel ; D. Bayart ; J.P. Hamaide ; E. Agostini ; A. Nowodzinski
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 522 –523
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020363
- Type: Article
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It is shown through BER measurements that ring-doping cladding-pumped EDFAs ensure both low cost and high system performance making them suitable for use in dense WDM systems.
BER validation of ring-doping cladding-pumped EDFAs for dense WDM applications
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- Author(s): O.V. Butov ; K.M. Golant ; I.V. Nikolin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 523 –525
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020343
- Type: Article
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Bragg grating inscription dynamics in large-index-difference N-doped silica fibres with and without fluorine in the cladding and isochronal annealing of such gratings are studied with regard to the UV-radiation energy density per pulse. Ultra-thermo-resistant gratings have been written at a high energy density per pulse.
Ultra-thermo-resistant Bragg gratings written in nitrogen-doped silica fibres
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- Author(s): Ming Chen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 525 –256
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020367
- Type: Article
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The optimal multiuser detector (MUD) in DS/CDMA systems requires the solution of a NP-hard combinatorial optimisation problem (COP). A near optimal MUD based on solving the COP with memory search method is proposed. With almost the same computational complexity as the parallel interference cancellation (PIC) MUD, it produces a better performance gain than PIC-MUD.
Memory search multiuser detector in DS/CDMA systems
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- Author(s): B.Y. Choi ; W.Y. Choi ; J.D. Lee ; B.-G. Park
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 526 –527
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020365
- Type: Article
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50 nm long MOSFETs with side-gates were optimised in terms of the side-gate length and successfully fabricated with conventional MOS technology. The simulated and fabricated 50 nm long MOSFET shows a reasonable subthreshold swing of 81 mV/dec and a low drain induced barrier lowering of 77 mV. - Author(s): Dae Hwan Kim ; Kyung Rok Kim ; Suk-Kang Sung ; Jong Duk Lee ; Byung-Gook Park
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 527 –529
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020345
- Type: Article
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Basic operation of a dynamic exclusive-OR gate implemented by a field effect transistor and a single-electron transistor is experimentally demonstrated, for the first time. Logic output voltage shows full swing operation at a supply voltage of 20 mV. Fabricated single-electron transistors are advantageous for implementing a multi-gate single-electron logic circuit. - Author(s): K.T. Lai ; S.K. Haywood ; R. Gupta ; M. Missous
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 529 –530
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020261
- Type: Article
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Intersubband absorption is measured in the conduction band of GaAs and stepped GaAs/InxGa1−xAs multiple-quantum-wells confined by narrow AlAs barriers. Enhanced absorption from n=1 to n=2 is observed in the stepped wells. This is attributed to relaxation of the intersubband polarisation selection rule. - Author(s): A.F. Mondragón-Torres ; M.C. Schneider ; E. Sánchez-Sinencio
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 530 –532
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020360
- Type: Article
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A new layout structure for floating gate MOS devices on top of an isolating n-well is proposed. The well provides the floating device with noise isolation from the substrate and can also be used as an additional input for threshold voltage control or signal modulation.
50 nm MOSFETs with side-gates for induced source/drain extension
Dynamic exclusive-OR gate based on gate-induced Si island single-electron transistor
Enhanced intersubband absorption in stepped double barrier quantum wells
Well-driven floating gate transistors
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- Author(s): S.-W. Wei and H.-Y. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 532 –533
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020346
- Type: Article
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A window-gate for the echo-canceller of a discrete multi-tone asymmetric digital subscriber line system is presented. This modification can significantly improve the convergence of the echo-canceller in the startup training procedure as well as the re-synchronisation in splitterless operation.
Window-gate for echo canceller of DMT ADSL
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