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1350-911X
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Electronics Letters
Volume 37, Issue 21, 11 October 2001
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Volume 37, Issue 21
11 October 2001
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- Author(s): Zhi Ning Chen and M.Y.W. Chia
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1271 –1272
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010866
- Type: Article
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The impedance characteristics of triangular planar monopoles, electromagnetically coupled with a probe-driven strip, are investigated experimentally. The 2:1 voltage standing wave ratio bandwidths of up to 50% are obtained. - Author(s): M.A. Mangoud ; R.A. Abd-Alhameed ; P.S. Excell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1272 –1274
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010849
- Type: Article
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Using a hybrid method of moments/finite difference time domain technique, a study of the effects of human proximity on the polarisation purity of circularly-polarised handset antennas for personal satellite communications was undertaken. Assessments of specific absorption rate in the head were also made. The method gave stable results, in accordance with physical expectations. Good agreement with the pure method of moments was shown in simplified cases. - Author(s): C.S. Lee and K.-H. Tseng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1274 –1275
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010890
- Type: Article
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A scheme to reduce the size of a microstrip antenna is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. For a given operating frequency the patch length is significantly reduced when microstrip width discontinuities are introduced in the middle of the antenna patch.
Impedance characteristics of EMC triangular planar monopoles
Investigations of polarisation purity and SAR for personal satellite communications antennas using a hybrid computational method
Size reduction of microstrip antennas
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- Author(s): F. Curticăpean ; K.I. Palomäki ; J. Niittylahti
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1275 –1277
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010875
- Type: Article
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A 16 bit, 100 MHz, low-power direct digital frequency synthesiser is presented. A simple trigonometric approximation is applied to ROM compression to achieve a compact architecture. The compression ratio for the look-up table is 455:1 and the spurious-free dynamic range 96 dBc. - Author(s): J.M. Solana
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1277 –1278
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010868
- Type: Article
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An efficient test generation procedure aimed at reducing test application cost in parallel-serial scan (PASE-scan) circuits is presented. The procedure is based on the structure and configuration of this type of full-scan circuits. The results obtained with a set of ISCAS89 benchmark circuits are provided, showing the effectiveness of this technique as regards test clock reduction. - Author(s): F. Cardells-Tormo and J. Valls-Coquillat
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1278 –1280
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010878
- Type: Article
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Methods to simplify digital frequency synthesisers based on the co-ordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC) algorithm are presented. Application of these methods leads to performance enhancement, compared with the topologies previously proposed in the literature. For a given output precision, hardware resources are reduced and spur-free dynamic range is increased.
Direct digital frequency synthesiser with high memory compression ratio
Efficient test cost reduction procedure for parallel-serial scan circuits
Optimisation of direct digital frequency synthesisers based on CORDIC
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- Author(s): S. Pignari and D. Bellan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1280 –1281
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010883
- Type: Article
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Radiated susceptibility of a matched transmission line is described via statistical estimates. Electromagnetic interference is modelled as a plane wave with unknown incidence direction and polarisation. A piecewise-linear frequency-domain model for expectation and standard deviation of load current is derived. Model validity includes line standing-wave region, and extends classical worst-case models based on deterministic assumptions.
Statistical piecewise-linear model for transmission line susceptibility to external noise
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- Author(s): N. Kurukitkoson ; H. Sugahara ; S.K. Turitsyn ; O.N. Egorova ; A.S. Kurkov ; V.M. Paramonov ; E.M. Dianov
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1281 –1283
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010848
- Type: Article
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Parameter optimisation of a two-stage Raman converter based on phosphosilicate-core fibre is presented. The optimal operational regime is determined and its tolerance against variations of laser parameters is examined. Results of numerical modelling are in a good agreement with experimental data. - Author(s): C.W.J. Hillman ; W.S. Brocklesby ; T.M. Monro ; W. Belardi ; D.J. Richardson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1283 –1284
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010874
- Type: Article
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An investigation of a holey fibre using scanning probe microscopy techniques, which the authors believe is the first such investigation, is presented. Atomic force microscopy images provide knowledge of the fibre structure without the artefacts associated with scanning electron microscopy imaging. A tapered fibre scanning near-field optical microscopy probe has been used to investigate holey fibre modes at 785 nm.
Optimisation of two-stage Raman converter based on phosphosilicate core fibre: modelling and experiment
Structural and optical characterisation of holey fibres using scanning probe microscopy
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- Author(s): H. Gharavi and H. Reza-Alikhani
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1285 –1286
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010879
- Type: Article
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A new pel-recursive motion estimation algorithm for video coding applications is presented. The derivation of the algorithm is based on recursive least-squares estimation that minimises the mean-square prediction error. A comparison with the modified steepest-descent gradient estimation technique algorithm shows significant improvement in terms of mean-square prediction error performance.
Pel-recursive motion estimation algorithm
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- Author(s): B.J. Phillips
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1286 –1287
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010852
- Type: Article
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p.
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The Montgomery residue number system (MRNS) for long word-length arithmetic is introduced. MRNS, a modification of the residue number system (RNS), represents a long integer as a set of smaller Montgomery residues. Long integer addition, subtraction and multiplication can then be performed using hardware-efficient Montgomery operations applied independently to each of the residues. An MRNS hardware architecture suitable for incorporation on a microprocessor data path is also proposed.
Montgomery residue number systems
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- Author(s): K. Maru ; T. Chiba ; M. Okawa ; H. Ishikawa ; K. Ohira ; S. Sato ; H. Uetsuka
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1287 –1289
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010870
- Type: Article
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A novel structure is proposed to reduce transition loss of an arrayed-waveguide grating. The structure comprises high refractive-index regions formed at the core of slab waveguides in the vicinity of an array with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The insertion loss was reduced by 3.0 dB after UV irradiation. The minimum insertion loss became 2.1 dB, which includes fibre-to-chip loss of ~0.8 dB.
Low-loss arrayed-waveguide grating with high index regions at slab-to-array interface
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- Author(s): F. Yamanaka ; M. Wada ; T. Kuniyasu ; T. Ohgoh ; T. Fukunaga ; T. Hayakawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1289 –1290
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010869
- Type: Article
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A new InGaAsP/InGaP/AlGaAs (λ = 810 nm) laser with tensile-strained InGaP barriers, broad waveguide structure and current blocking region near the facet is reported. 2 W continuous wave operation over 2000 h from a 50 µm aperture was achieved. - Author(s): R. Martini ; R. Paiella ; C. Gmachl ; F. Capasso ; E.A. Whittaker ; H.C. Liu ; H.Y. Hwang ; D.L. Sivco ; J.N. Baillargeon ; A.Y. Cho
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1290 –1292
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010884
- Type: Article
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High-speed mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers with direct modulation bandwidth of approximately 7 GHz have been developed. Error-free digital data transmission at 2.5 Gbit/s is demonstrated with devices emitting at 8 µm and operating at temperatures up to 85 K. - Author(s): L.R. Wilson ; J.W. Cockburn ; D.A. Carder ; M.J. Steer ; M. Hopkinson ; C.K. Chia ; R. Airey ; G. Hill
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1292 –1293
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010865
- Type: Article
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The development of GaAs-based quantum cascade lasers incorporating indirect bandgap AlAs barriers in conjunction with ultrathin InAs layers in the active regions of the device is reported. The InAs layers produce a downshift of the energies of the lower lasing states, allowing laser emission to be observed at λ = 8.34 µm. The GaAs/InAs/AlAs devices operate in pulsed mode up to a maximum temperature of 250 K, with a characteristic temperature of around 200 K for T > 100 K. - Author(s): H. Saito ; K. Nishi ; S. Sugou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1293 –1295
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010887
- Type: Article
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A long wavelength InAs quantum dot laser on an InP substrate was operated under continuous wave current at room temperature and had a threshold current of 20 mA. Modulation bandwidth was 4 GHz and the low chirp of around 0.01 nm in lasing wavelength was achieved during 2.5 GHz current modulation. - Author(s): R. Shau ; M. Ortsiefer ; J. Rosskopf ; G. Böhm ; F. Köhler ; M.-C. Amann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1295 –1296
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010885
- Type: Article
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Improved 1.55 µm InGaAlAs/InP vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers were fabricated in the buried tunnel junction technology yielding sub-mA threshold currents, 0.9 V threshold voltage, 10–40 Ω series resistance, output power up to 7 mW (20°C, CW) and CW operation up to > 110°C.
2 W reliable operation in 50 µm-wide InGaAsP/InGaP/AlGaAs (λ = 810 nm) SQW diode lasers with tensile-strained InGaP barriers
High-speed digital data transmission using mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers
λ = 8.3 µm GaAs/AlAs quantum cascade lasers incorporating InAs monolayers
Low chirp operation in 1.6 µm quantum dot laser under 2.5 GHz direct modulation
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes at 1.55 µm with large output power and high operation temperature
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- Author(s): A. Dubey ; G.S. Tyagi ; G.P. Srivastava
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1296 –1297
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010886
- Type: Article
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A conventional microstrip ring resonator consisting of a polycrystalline ferrite substrate is demonstrated. This resonator produces improved tunability compared with other available versions. Resonators with tunability approaching 31% at a minimum insertion loss of 11.17 dB in a magnetic field of 3 kG applied longitudinally along wave propagation have been demonstrated using LiZiTi ferrite composition. Tunability of 31% is the best reported for any tunable structure.
Magnetically tunable microstrip resonator based on polycrystalline ferrite
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- Author(s): M.S. Yee ; B.L. Yeap ; L. Hanzo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1298 –1299
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010871
- Type: Article
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A reduced-complexity Jacobian radial basis function aided turbo equalisation (TEQ) scheme is proposed, which was found to provide a bit error ratio performance similar to that of the conventional trellis-based TEQ benchmarker at a 14-fold reduced complexity for a serially concatenated systematic convolutional coded and systematic space-time trellis-coded arrangement. - Author(s): S.A. Barbulescu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1299 –1300
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010889
- Type: Article
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Terminating the trellis was considered essential to lower the bit error probability in a turbo coded system. When a sliding window algorithm is used, this issue becomes even more important. It is shown that trellis termination can be completely ignored by using an interleaver that takes into account the particular window size of the sliding window algorithm.
RBF-based decision feedback aided turbo equalisation of convolutional and space-time trellis-coded systems
Sliding window and interleaver design
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- Author(s): L. du Mouza ; G. Le Meur ; H. Mardoyan ; E. Seve ; S. Cussat-Blanc ; D. Hamoir ; C. Martinelli ; D. Bayart ; F. Raineri ; L. Pierre ; B. Dany ; O. Leclerc ; J.P. Hamaide ; L.A. de Montmorillon ; F. Beaumont ; P. Sillard ; P. Nouchi ; A. Hugbart ; R. Uhel ; G. Grandpierre
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1300 –1302
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010821
- Type: Article
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1.28 Tbit/s capacity transmission of 32 × 40 Gbit/s, 100 GHz-spaced channels is demonstrated over 2400 km using distributed all-Raman amplification and electrical-TDM equipment over an optimised TeraLight™/Reverse TeraLight© dispersion map. - Author(s): W. Mao ; Y. Li ; M. Al-Mumin ; G. Li
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1302 –1303
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010873
- Type: Article
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40 Gbit/s wavelength and polarisation insensitive all-optical clock recovery using a two-section distributed feedback (DFB) laser has been demonstrated. The polarisation sensitivity of the two-section DFB laser was solved by converting incoming data onto a local laser through cross-gain modulation using a semiconductor optical amplifier. The scheme has a sensitivity of –13 dBm. - Author(s): C.-J. Chen ; J. Ye ; W.S. Wong ; Y.-W. Lu ; M.-C. Ho ; Y. Cao ; M.J. Gassner ; J.S. Pease ; H.-S. Tsai ; H.K. Lee ; S. Cabot ; Y. Sun
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1304 –1305
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010880
- Type: Article
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A robust control scheme for suppressing transients in both lumped and distributed Raman amplifiers is demonstrated. The control method uses only output power monitoring and holds gain fluctuations on surviving channels to < ±0.06 dB in an experiment. - Author(s): E.D.J. Smith ; N. Wada ; W. Chujo ; D.D. Sampson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1305 –1307
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010877
- Type: Article
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A supercontinuum source is used with a static Michelson interferometer to perform high-resolution optical coherence-domain reflectometry (OCDR) at 1.55 µm. Quadrature spectral detection enables compensation for both the undesirable spectral shape of the source and for the dispersion in the system. A resolution of less than 5 µm in fibre (full width at half maximum) at 1.55 µm is obtained. - Author(s): G.A. Magel ; G.D. Landry ; R.J. Baca ; D.A. Harper ; C.A. Spillers
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1307 –1308
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010876
- Type: Article
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A spectral optical code division multiple access transmission system using forward error correction is demonstrated. Matching channels are recovered error-free with 15 channels operating at 155.52 Mbit/s and up to eight channels operating at 622.08 Mbit/s.
1.28 Tbit/s (32 × 40 Gbit/s) WDM transmission over 2400 km of TeraLight™/Reverse TeraLight© fibres using distributed all-Raman amplification
40 Gbit/s all-optical clock recovery using a two-section gain-coupled DFB laser and semiconductor optical amplifier
Control of transient effects in distributed and lumped Raman amplifiers
High resolution OCDR using 1.55 µm supercontinuum source and quadrature spectral detection
Transmission of eight channels × 622 Mbit/s and 15 channels × 155 Mbit/s using spectral encoded optical CDMA
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- Author(s): Y. Kasahara and K. Mizuno
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1308 –1310
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010882
- Type: Article
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Oppositely polarised picosecond electric pulses on each line of coplanar strips were measured using a scanning force optoelectronic microscope (SFOEM), developed by the authors. Results demonstrate that the SFOEM is a useful tool not only for measuring ultrafast voltage but also for analysing the operation of ultrafast large-scale integration devices.
Oppositely polarised pulse shapes on CPS lines measured by scanning force optoelectronic microscope
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- Author(s): V. Guillet
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1310 –1311
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010888
- Type: Article
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A wideband propagation measurement campaign performed in a residential indoor environment around 60 GHz is presented. Narrowband and wideband characteristics of the radio propagation channel are then analysed for various propagation configurations. - Author(s): N. Vasudev and O.M. Collins
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1312 –1313
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010867
- Type: Article
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A new baseband processing technique which allows existing quadrature modulators to achieve near ideal RF upconversion over wide bandwidth is suggested. A test setup using an arbitrary waveform generator and a spectrum analyser shows that more than 70 dB spurious free range may be obtained using an 895 MHz mini-circuits IQ modulator.
Narrowband and wideband characteristics of 60 GHz radio propagation in residential environment
Near ideal RF upconverters
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- Author(s): Y. Uryu and T. Asano
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1313 –1314
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010881
- Type: Article
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The effect of the presence of the electrically floating gate on the bipolar operation of a silicon on insulator metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) is experimentally investigated. The emitter injection efficiency is shown to be enhanced by the floating gate the work function of which depletes the base (body) majority carrier from the channel region.
Floating-gate enhanced current-amplification in bipolar action of SOI-MOSFET
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- Author(s): H. Farsi and A. Kondoz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 21, p. 1314 –1316
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010872
- Type: Article
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A new pre-processing method for pitch smoothing is proposed. This methodology modifies the residual speech signal such that the pitch period evolves more smoothly without distorting perceptual speech quality. Thus, pitch can be effectively interpolated and transmitted only once per frame while presenting the long-term correlation of speech signal and maintaining the perceptual speech quality.
Pre-processing method for pitch smoothing
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