Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 37, Issue 10, 10 May 2001
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Volume 37, Issue 10
10 May 2001
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- Author(s): M. Prokin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 609 –610
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010449
- Type: Article
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A novel boost bridge amplifier which inherently doubles the power supply voltage, thus providing up to four times higher peak output power than a comparable state-of-the-art class-D amplifier, is proposed. The efficiency and the total harmonic distortion of both amplifiers during the amplification of a music signal are shown to be similar. - Author(s): K. Tanno ; H. Tanaka ; M. Syuto ; O. Ishizuka
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 610 –611
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010416
- Type: Article
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A very simple digitally programmable attenuator using FG-MOSFETs (floating-gate MOSFETs) is presented. HSPICE simulations of the circuit demonstrate a THD of less than –32 dB and a variable gain range of –13 to –31 dB with a supply voltage of ±1.5 V, load resistance of 10 kΩ and input signal of 3 Vp-p. - Author(s): C.C. Wu and C.M. Young
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 611 –612
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010427
- Type: Article
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A new single-phase ZVT-PWM boost converter with an active snubber is proposed to achieve unity power factor operations for a wide load range. The unique location of the resonant inductor and capacitor ensures that low switching stress and commutation losses are obtained in the converter. The proposed converter is suitable for high power factor correctors.
Boost bridge amplifier
Simple digitally programmable attenuator using FG-MOSFETs
ZVT-PWM boost converter for unity power factor applications
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- Author(s): R. Gonzalo ; I. Ederra ; C.M. Mann ; P. de Maagt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 613 –614
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010435
- Type: Article
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Initial measurements are presented of a dipole antenna mounted on top of a photonic crystal structure at terahertz frequencies. The configuration and test setup are described. The dipole on top of the photonic crystal has higher directivity in contrast to a single dipole element. The ability of this technology to suppress surface waves is noted.
Radiation properties of terahertz dipole antenna mounted on photonic crystal
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- Author(s): Youngjoon Kim and Lee-Sup Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 614 –615
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010430
- Type: Article
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A carry-select adder can be implemented by using a single ripple-carry adder and an add-one circuit instead of using dual ripple-carry adders. A multiplexer-based add-one circuit is proposed to reduce the area with negligible speed penalty. The proposed 64 bit carry-select adder requires 42% fewer transistors than the conventional carry-select adder. - Author(s): Jin-Ku Kang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 615 –617
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010415
- Type: Article
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A self-timed pipelining methodology using latest arriving signal detection is presented. The self-timing control block in the algorithm consists of a self-timing signal generator and pipelining latches. The computation completion of a logic block can be detected and the data latched by the pulse-type self-timing signal for further processing. Using the algorithm, a 32-bit carry look-ahead adder is implemented. Simulation results show that the adder can operate at 800 MHz in 0.25 µm CMOS technology. - Author(s): B.A. Floyd ; L. Shi ; Y. Taur ; I. Lagnado ; K.K. O
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 617 –618
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010446
- Type: Article
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Dual-phase dynamic pseudo-NMOS ([DP]2) frequency dividers have been implemented in a partially scaled 0.1 µm CMOS technology. For 4:1 dividers on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and bulk substrates, the maximum speed, power consumption, and extracted [DP]2 latch delays are 18.75 and 15.4 GHz, 13.5 and 9.8 mW and 13.3 and 16.2 ps, respectively, at 1.5 V.
64-bit carry-select adder with reduced area
Self-timed pipelining using latest arriving signal detection
SOI and bulk CMOS frequency dividers operating above 15 GHz
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- Author(s): H.S. Chung ; S.K. Shin ; D.W. Lee ; D.W. Kim ; Y.C. Chung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 618 –620
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010432
- Type: Article
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640 Gbit/s (32 channel × 20 Gbit/s) WDM transmission with 0.4 (bit/s)/Hz spectral efficiency is demonstrated using short-period dispersion-managed fibre (Perfect Cable™). The average Q-factor was measured to be better than 18 dB after transmission over 280 km. - Author(s): Kyoungwoo Jo ; G. Hugh Song ; Un-Chul Paek ; Won-Taek Han
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 620 –621
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010429
- Type: Article
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The fabrication process, numerical analysis and polarising characteristics of the D-shaped optical fibre coated with chromium film have been investigated. An optical fibre polariser was fabricated by coating the flat side of the D-shaped fibre, which was obtained by drawing the side-cut D-shaped preform made from the MCVD process, with chromium metal film. The maximum extinction ratio of the fibre polariser was found to be ~55 dB. - Author(s): A.O. Kleivstul and A.S. Sudbø
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 621 –623
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010444
- Type: Article
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Polarisation mode dispersion is measured from one end of optical fibres using a tunable optical time domain reflectometer. Four fibres are measured in parallel, and it is estimated that tens of fibres may be measured simultaneously. - Author(s): Y. Abe ; M. Kobayashi ; S. Asakawa ; S. Sumida
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 623 –624
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010454
- Type: Article
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The first surface mounting of a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) on an optical fibre circuit board is proposed and demonstrated. Both surface mounting and physical contact connection between a PLC type duplex 1 × 16 splitter and fibres were realised.
640 Gbit/s (32 × 20 Gbit/s) WDM transmission with 0.4 (bit/s)/Hz spectral efficiency using short-period dispersion-managed fibre
Fabrication and polarising characteristics of D-shaped optical fibre coated with chromium film
Simultaneous measurement of polarisation mode dispersion in several optical fibres in parallel
Study of surface mounting of PLC on optical fibre circuit board
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- Author(s): Wen-Nung Lie and Cheng-Hung Chuang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 624 –626
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010445
- Type: Article
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A new scheme in which a snake model is used for object contour detection is proposed. By developing a no-search movement scheme, accepting the effective gradient vector flow field as the contracting force, and adjusting the weighting parameters automatically, an algorithm that is fast, less sensitive to initial contour conditions and accurate in approaching concave parts of an object boundary is obtained. - Author(s): Yuk-Hee Chan and Sin-Ming Cheung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 626 –627
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010442
- Type: Article
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A digital halftoning method is proposed to diffuse error with a more symmetric error distribution by making use of the concept of multiscale error diffusion. The method can improve the diffusion performance by effectively reducing directional hysteresis. The diffusion is row-oriented rather than frame-oriented and hence can reduce the latency and computational effort as compared with conventional multiscale error diffusion schemes. This makes it possible for real-time applications. - Author(s): Jia Wang ; Wenjun Zhang ; Songyu Yu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 627 –629
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010428
- Type: Article
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A novel wavelet image compression method is introduced. The method applies the small block discrete cosine transform to certain parts of the wavelet coefficients before quantisation and coding. Experiments show that the new method achieves good results with only a negligible increase in total complexity.
Fast and accurate snake model for object contour detection
Row-oriented multiscale error diffusion technique for digital halftoning
Wavelet coding method using small block DCT
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- Author(s): L. Harn and H.-Y. Lin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 629 –630
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010441
- Type: Article
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The MQV key agreement protocol has been adopted by the IEEE P1363 Committee to become a standard. The MQV protocol used a digital signature to sign the Diffie-Hellman public keys without using any one-way function. Here, the MQV protocol is generalised in three respects. First, signature variants for Diffie-Hellman public keys developed previously are employed in the new protocol. Secondly, two communication entities are allowed to establish multiple secret keys in a single round of message exchange. Thirdly, the key computations are simplified. - Author(s): C.-I. Fan and C.-L. Lei
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 630 –631
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010422
- Type: Article
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Shao proposed a blind signature scheme based on the Fan-Lei scheme. It is shown here that Shao's scheme is not secure. Also, Shao claimed that the Fan-Lei scheme is not really blind, however this claim is demonstrated as not being true. - Author(s): Guozhen Zang and Cong Ling
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 631 –632
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010413
- Type: Article
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A supplement is provided for Oppermann's orthogonal sequences with a wide range of correlation properties. It is shown that there exist identical sequences within the sequence set under many circumstances. The number of distinct orthogonal sequences in the sequence set is presented.
Authenticated key agreement without using one-way hash functions
Cryptanalysis on improved user efficient blind signatures
Family size of orthogonal Oppermann sequences
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- Author(s): G. Steinle ; F. Mederer ; M. Kicherer ; R. Michalzik ; G. Kristen ; A.Y. Egorov ; H. Riechert ; H.D. Wolf ; K.J. Ebeling
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 632 –634
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010425
- Type: Article
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–634
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High bit rate data transmission with monolithic InGaAsN VCSELs, emitting 700 µW in singlemode operation at room temperature, is demonstrated. Bit error rates of < 10-11 are achieved for transmission over 20.5 km of standard singlemode fibre at 2.5 Gbit/s. In back-to-back transmission 10 Gbit/s is reached. - Author(s): F. Klopf ; R. Krebs ; A. Wolf ; M. Emmerling ; J.P. Reithmaier ; A. Forchel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 634 –636
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010420
- Type: Article
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Singlemode operation of 1.3 µm InAs/GaInAs quantum dot lasers has been achieved using the concept of complex coupled distributed feedback. Mode selection was realised by laterally patterned metal gratings. At room temperature the lasers show stable singlemode emission with sidemode suppression ratios of up to 55 dB, threshold currents as low as 17 mA and output powers of up to 8 mW under continuous wave operation.
Data transmission up to 10 Gbit/s with 1.3 µm wavelength InGaAsN VCSELs
InAs/GaInAs quantum dot DFB lasers emitting at 1.3 µm
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- Author(s): J.S. Cha
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 636 –637
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010450
- Type: Article
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Novel ternary preferred pairs (TPPs) that have a greater zero correlation duration (ZCD) of (0.75N + 1) for a period N are constructed by applying selected zero padding to binary preferred pairs with ZCD of (0.5N + 1). A chip-shift operation is then performed to derive new ternary ZCD sequences that have superior family size to that of binary ZCD sequences. - Author(s): Q. Wang and S.N. Koh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 637 –639
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010456
- Type: Article
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The mixed excitation linear prediction (MELP) algorithm has been recently selected as the new federal standard for 2.4 kbit/s coding of speech signals. The authors exploit the average residual inter-frame correlation and the error sensitivities of the bits in a MELP frame to enhance the robustness of the proposed joint MELP turbo coding schemes for operations over Rayleigh fading channels.
Class of ternary spreading sequences with zero correlation duration
Joint MELP turbo code with unequal error protection
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- Author(s): Sun-Gi Hong ; Sang-Keon Oh ; Min-Soeng Kim ; Ju-Jang Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 639 –640
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010431
- Type: Article
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An evolutionary structure optimisation method for the Gaussian radial basis function network is presented for modelling and predicting nonlinear time series. The generalisation performance is significantly improved with a much smaller network, compared with that of the previous clustering and least square learning method.
Nonlinear time series modelling and prediction using Gaussian RBF network with evolutionary structure optimisation
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- Author(s): H. Sotobayashi ; W. Chujo ; T. Ozeki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 640 –642
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010440
- Type: Article
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A novel method for all-optical all-channel simultaneous demultiplexing based on OTDM-to-WDM conversion by four-wave mixing with a highly chirped rectangular shaped supercontinuum source is proposed. Error-free 80 to 10 Gbit/s demultiplexing operation in eight channels is experimentally demonstrated. - Author(s): K. Uchiyama and T. Morioka
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 642 –643
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010437
- Type: Article
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The successful demonstration of all-optical time-division demultiplexing is reported, wherein all 10 Gbit/s constituent channels are simultaneously demultiplexed with no error from a 10 × 10 Gbit/s OTDM signal. A multichannel demultiplexer based on XPM-induced frequency shift in an optical fibre, called MOXIC, is used. - Author(s): N. Suzuki ; K. Shiba ; T. Tsukuda ; I. Yoneda ; T. Nakamura
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 643 –644
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010424
- Type: Article
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An array of 1.3 µm FP-LDs with their anodes and cathodes separated channel by channel was developed to suppress inter-channel electric crosstalk at high frequency. Low crosstalk of less than –30 dB was obtained between neighbouring LDs at 3.125 GHz. This is sufficiently low that BER characteristics observed under asynchronous operation of a four-channel LD array were found to be no worse than those under single channel operation. - Author(s): M. Hanna ; H. Porte ; J.-P. Goedgebuer ; W.T. Rhodes
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 644 –646
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010433
- Type: Article
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An optical communication system using solitons and a coding/multiplexing scheme based on differential phase-shift keying and optical delays is proposed. The performance of such a system is analysed theoretically, based on the soliton optical phase jitter that occurs in an amplified link, and measured in a recirculating loop experiment. - Author(s): M. Gunkel ; F. Küppers ; J. Berger ; U. Feiste ; R. Ludwig ; C. Schubert ; C. Schmidt ; H.G. Weber
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 646 –648
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010423
- Type: Article
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40 Gbit/s RZ transmission over a record length of 252 km standard singlemode fibre using distributed Raman amplification is reported. The effects of pulsewidth and dispersion compensation are investigated both theoretically and experimentally.
80 Gbit/s simultaneous photonic demultiplexing based on OTDM-to-WDM conversion by four-wave mixing with supercontinuum light source
All-optical time-division demultiplexing experiment with simultaneous output of all constituent channels from 100 Gbit/s OTDM signal
Low-crosstalk 3.125 Gbit/s × four-channel LD array with isolated electrodes for parallel optical communications
Performance assessment of DPSK soliton transmission system
Unrepeatered 40 Gbit/s RZ transmission over 252 km SMF using Raman amplification
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- Author(s): J. Xu ; P. Bhattacharya ; D.L. Marcy ; J.A. Stuart ; R.R. Birge
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 648 –649
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010426
- Type: Article
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Observation of transient and steady-state photoconduction across an indium tin oxide (ITO)/bacteriorhodopsin(bR)/GaAs heterostructure, with the bacteriorhodopsin acting as the light-sensitive material, is reported. The protein is dissolved in polyvinyl alcohol and the film dried after deposition. The steady state photoconduction is probably caused by the pH change at the bR/ITO interface owing to proton release from the bR upon photoexcitation, and is therefore an electrochemical effect.
Photoconduction in bacteriorhodopsin/GaAs heterostructures
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- Author(s): C.L. Martínez ; X.F. Cànovas ; M. Chandra
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 649 –651
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010438
- Type: Article
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The problem of synthetic aperture radar interferometric phase noise reduction is addressed. A new technique based on discrete wavelet transform is presented. This technique guarantees high resolution phase estimation without using phase image segmentation. Areas containing only noise are hardly processed. Tests with synthetic and real interferograms are reported.
SAR interferometric phase noise reduction using wavelet transform
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- Author(s): J. Rendón ; F. Casadevall ; D. Serarols ; J.L. Faner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 651 –652
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010414
- Type: Article
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The General Packet Radio Service system provides an easy adaptation to bursty traffic generated by Internet applications, e.g. e-mail, WWW and FTP. These applications use TCP as the transport protocol and therefore good interaction is necessary between the TCP and GPRS protocols. The performance of the Snoop TCP protocol in a GPRS network is analysed. - Author(s): P. Azmi and M. Nasiri-Kenari
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 652 –654
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010451
- Type: Article
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A generalisation of Fourier transform-domain technique for narrowband interference suppression in CDMA communication systems is introduced. In this technique, first the sum of a number of sinusoids each modulated by a polynomial is chosen as a model for the narrowband interference. Then, by fitting the received signal on the proposed model, an estimate of the narrowband interference signal is obtained, and its effect is subtracted from the received signal. - Author(s): C. Loyez ; N. Rolland ; P.A. Rolland ; O. Lafond
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 654 –655
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010439
- Type: Article
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The impact of 60 GHz indoor propagation on the definition of T/R modules for high data rate communication systems (155 Mbit/s) is investigated. The influence of the antenna characteristics and the electromagnetic environment is investigated in order to increase the coherent bandwidth of the 60 GHz radio channel and thus optimise the radio interface complexity. - Author(s): T. Janczak and J. Woźniak
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 655 –656
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010409
- Type: Article
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Wireless local area networks have recently gained much interest. At present two solutions are deemed to be candidates for wireless Ethernet, namely the IEEE 802.11 standard, and the HIgh-PErformance Radio LAN (HIPERLAN/1) solution proposed by ETSI. Here, a modified access algorithm for HIPERLAN is proposed, which significantly shortens the contention phase under heavy load conditions, thus increasing the overall network throughput. - Author(s): D. Mertens and D. Vanhoenacker-Janvier
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 657 –658
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010417
- Type: Article
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An extension of current scintillation stochastic models is described to examine the alteration of the scintillation amplitude distribution with the concurrent rain fade depth on earth-space paths. Descriptive statistical results of 12.5 GHz scintillation at two sites show that the long-term magnitude of tropospheric scintillation steadily increases with worsening rain attenuation. - Author(s): P.D. Baxter ; G.J.G. Upton ; D. Eden
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 658 –660
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010421
- Type: Article
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A knowledge of rain-fade-slope is essential in the design of fade countermeasures. The principal method of estimation, proposed by the European Space Agency, may be inadequate for terrestrial microwave links. A revised method based on the discrete Fourier transform is examined.
Analysis of Snoop TCP protocol in GPRS system
Generalised Fourier transform-domain technique for narrowband interference suppression in CDMA communication systems
Indoor 60 GHz radio channel sounding and related T/R module considerations for high data rate communications
Modified EY-NPMA channel access scheme
Rain fade dependence model of long-term scintillation amplitude distribution at 12.5 GHz
Revised method for calculation of rain-fade-slope
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- Author(s): W.H. Teh ; L.T. Koh ; S.M. Chen ; J. Xie ; C.Y. Li ; P.D. Foo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 660 –661
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010390
- Type: Article
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The reliability of a multilayer ionised metal plasma (IMP) Cu/IMP TaN plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposited SiO2/Si film structure with different thickness of TaN (10–30 nm) is studied. AFM pictures of the surface morphology show roughening after annealing, indicating possible grain growth. SIMS shows abrupt broadening of the mixed regions at 600°C for the 10 nm thick TaN barrier and at 800°C for the 30 nm thick TaN barrier. - Author(s): P.B. Klein ; S.C. Binari ; K. Ikossi-Anastasiou ; A.E. Wickenden ; D.D. Koleske ; R.L. Henry ; D.S. Katzer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 661 –662
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010434
- Type: Article
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Current collapse in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs has been investigated using photo-ionisation spectroscopy techniques to probe the spatial origins of the traps producing this effect. The results indicate that the responsible traps reside in the high-resistivity GaN buffer layer and are identical to those traps causing current collapse in GaN MESFETs.
Evaluation of the performance of TaN diffusion barrier against copper diffusion using SIMS and AFM
Investigation of traps producing current collapse in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors
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- Author(s): Wen-Whei Chang and Heng-Iang Hsu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 662 –664
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010419
- Type: Article
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A codebook design approach for constrained vector quantisation using the Hadamard transform of channel transition probabilities is proposed. It is examined for quantisation of Gauss-Markov sources over channels with memory and compared with the generalised Lloyd algorithm.
Constrained VQ codebook design for noisy channels
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- Author(s): J. Kim and M. Bondarowicz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 664 –665
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010436
- Type: Article
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A very efficient structure for a real-time searcher in the CDMA2000 system is proposed. The advantages of using this scheme are the small amount of memory required, the processor speed per unit time, and an inherent parallel processing structure. This concept can be applied to other CDMA systems. - Author(s): Y.-C. Lai and H.-Y. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 37, Issue 10, p. 665 –666
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20010418
- Type: Article
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Two novel algorithms using a slack term are proposed to enhance the probability of successful reservations in guaranteed services. A more correct reserved bandwidth and the corresponding slack term are calculated and used. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed methods achieve a higher successful reservation probability than the original reservation algorithm while maintaining a low overhead.
Efficient real-time correlator for CDMA2000 searcher
Enhancing successful reservation probability with slack term in guaranteed services
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Absorptive frequency selective surface using parallel LC resonance
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Partial spectral search-based DOA estimation method for co-prime linear arrays
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Experimental verification of on-chip CMOS fractional-order capacitor emulators
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54 Gbit/s OOK transmission using single-mode VCSEL up to 2.2 km MMF
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