Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 32, Issue 22, 24 October 1996
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Volume 32, Issue 22
24 October 1996
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- Author(s): A. Tamaševičius ; A. Čenys ; G. Mykolaitis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2029 –2030
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961357
- Type: Article
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The response of a fourth-order nonlinear resonator to signals from a hyperchaotic oscillator is described. The resonator represents a replica of part of the driving oscillator. The resonance response to hyperchaotic signals is shown to be achieved via a single driving variable. - Author(s): C. Acar and S. Özoǧuz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2030 –2031
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961359
- Type: Article
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Using the signal-flow graph approach, a general synthesis method for the realisation of high-order voltage transfer functions is presented and a current conveyor filter is obtained. The resulting filter contains a minimum number of capacitors, at most 2n+3 resistors, as well as n+2 current conveyors of plus type, all of which operate in current-mode. - Author(s): M.C.P. Almeida
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2031 –2032
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961379
- Type: Article
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A low power consumption high voltage bias supply for channel electron multipliers is presented. The design achieves low power consumption by the use of a new integrated circuit developed for the latest generation of battery operated mobile equipment. The power supply is intended to be launched in a sounding rocket as a part of a magnetospheric electron spectrograph experiment. - Author(s): Chun-LiHou ; RokieYean ; Chien-KuoChang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2032 –2033
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961396
- Type: Article
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A novel configuration for realising sinusoidal oscillators using a single FTFN is proposed. Experimental results of six oscillators verified the theoretical analyses. All the capacitors are grounded or virtually grounded. Four of the proposed oscillators enjoy independent oscillation control through a single passive element and independent frequency control through another single passive element.
Driving nonlinear resonator with hyperchaotic signals
High-order voltage transfer function synthesis using CCII+ based unity gain current amplifiers
Low power consumption bias supply for channel electron multiplier
Single-element controlled oscillators using single FTFN
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- Author(s): J.-P. Damiano ; M. Scotto ; J.M. Ribero
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2033 –2035
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961360
- Type: Article
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The analysis and synthesis of conformal printed antennas on conical surfaces are investigated. The theoretical model is based on the cavity model and the concept of dynamic permittivity to take into account the thickness and the fringing field effects. The originality comes from the use of a computer algebra system to generate the polynomial expression of the zeros of characteristic equations, and the analytical relation between the half-angle of the cone and the order of the associated Legendre functions. Fast and accurate expressions for the resonance frequency are given for a rectangular radiating element operating in TM10 and TM01 modes. This model is easily included in a CAD package. Very good agreement is observed between numerical results and experiments. - Author(s): S. Matsuzawa and K. Ito
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2035 –2036
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961392
- Type: Article
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A new structure of the circularly polarised printed antenna fed by coplanar waveguide (CPW) is proposed. FDTD analysis predicts the radiation of the circularly polarised wave from the antenna. The validity of this analysis is established by comparing with experimental results. - Author(s): H. Steyskal and J.S. Herd
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2036 –2038
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961387
- Type: Article
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Custom modes for the patch current in an infinite microstrip phased array are derived. Compared to the set of subdomain basis functions normally used for arbitrarily shaped patches these ‘Fourier modes’ reduce the number of unknowns by one to two orders of magnitude. This should make them particularly useful for the analysis of finite arrays. - Author(s): K.W. Leung ; K.Y. Chow ; K.M. Luk ; E.K.N. Yung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2038 –2039
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961391
- Type: Article
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An aperture-coupled offset dual-disk dielectric resonator antenna of very high permittivity is investigated experimentally. It is found that the new configuration offers an impedance bandwidth 4.6 times wider than that of the single element. The voltage standing wave ratio, radiation patterns, and antenna gain of the configuration are studied. - Author(s): D. El-Kouhen ; H. Aubert ; M. Ghomi ; H. Baudrand
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2039 –2041
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961406
- Type: Article
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The authors present a new approach for the Q-factor computation of radiation loss in a circular patch with surface wave TM0. The circular patch resonant frequency (f) problem is formulated in terms of an integral equation using the transverse resonance method. First, the computed real part of f is found to compare closely with the published results considering space wave TM11. Next, the Q-factor of the surface wave as a function of physical resonator parameters is presented.
Application of an algebraic tool to fast analysis and synthesis of conformal printed antennas
Circularly polarised printed antenna fed by coplanar waveguide
Custom modes for microstrip phased array analysis
Offset dual-disk dielectric resonator antenna of very high permittivity
Q-factor computation of radiation loss corresponding to surface wave in a patch circular resonator
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- Author(s): Ick-Sung Choi ; Hyoung Kim ; Dong-Wook Seo ; Sun-Young Hwang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2041 –2043
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961373
- Type: Article
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The authors propose a synthesis algorithm for the low-power design of combinational circuits. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by generating a restructured circuit with low power consumption. - Author(s): W.-S. Chung ; J.-M. Park ; K. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2043 –2044
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961371
- Type: Article
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A BiCMOS circuit technique for realising temperature-compensated linear transconductors is described which uses two linear MOS transconductors and a bipolar translinear current gain cell. The theory of operation is presented and simulation results are used to verify theoretical predictions. The results show that the transconductance can be varied over three decades and its temperature coefficient is < 200 ppm/°C.
Partitioning-based algorithm for synthesis of low-power combinational circuits
Temperature-compensated linear BiCMOS transconductor
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- Author(s): A.H. Kayran
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2044 –2045
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961405
- Type: Article
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2044
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The author presents a new Schur algorithm to calculate lattice parameters from scant knowledge of the correlation values of the 2D process. A new generator matrix is introduced to obtain a convenient way to carry out the proposed algorithm. - Author(s): S.A. Al-Semari and M. Guizani
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2046 –2047
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961395
- Type: Article
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The channel throughput of the slotted ALOHA protocol is evaluated for a Nakagami fading channel model. General expressions for different values of the fading figure m and receiver capture ratio are presented. Evaluations of these expressions show that the throughput increases as the fade depth increases. - Author(s): Y.H. Ng ; P.M. Grant ; R.A. Stirling-Gallacher
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2047 –2048
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961361
- Type: Article
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2047
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Coded orthogonal frequency division multiplex is an attractive technique for broadcast to mobiles. The authors describe a method to identify the frequency offset, due to Doppler etc., and subsequently permit offset compensation to be incorporated in the receiver, prior to performing the data demodulation. - Author(s): P. Ferrari ; L. Duvillaret ; G. Angénieux
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2048 –2049
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961388
- Type: Article
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2048
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If the discrete Fourier transform of a step-like waveform is taken, a large truncation error results since only a finite number of samples is used. Several methods have been published to overcome this problem. The authors propose a novel method, based on Nicolson's method, to enhance resolution. This novel method is very powerful, particularly for time domain network analysis applications. The authors show the mathematical validity of the method developed. A practical demonstration is described in which the method is applied to an analytical truncated ramp and a measured waveform. - Author(s): J.W. Son ; Y.Y. Oh ; H.T. Lee ; J.Y. Lee ; S.B. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2050 –2051
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961368
- Type: Article
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Two head of line (HOL) packet arbitration mechanisms in an input buffered gigabit packet switch are proposed. These mechanisms have significant advantages in simple implementation while their performances still remain at acceptable levels. - Author(s): H. Bilgekul and H. Amca
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2051 –2053
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961386
- Type: Article
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Multicarrier (MC) systems using quadrature frequency and phase modulation (QFPM) schemes called MC-QFPM are described. In MC-QFPM systems, the power efficiency and resistance to delay spread can be increased for the price of reduced bandwidth efficiency. M-ary orthogonal frequency-shift-keying with M = 1, 2 and 4 are considered along with MC modulation. The BER performance of MC-QFPM schemes in frequency selective delay spread environments is examined and compared. - Author(s): D. Wilson and M. Ghanbari
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2053 –2054
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961380
- Type: Article
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The authors describe an optimisation algorithm which can be applied to two-layer SNR scalable MPEG-2 video coding, such that bandwidth efficiency is achieved which is comparable to single-layer coding. Our optimised two-layer coder is shown to generate as little as 1% fewer bits than a single-layer coder compared to up to 15% more bits generated by the non-optimised SNR scalable coder. - Author(s): V. Koshi and D.J. Edwards
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2054 –2056
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961381
- Type: Article
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New, closed form expressions are derived for calculation of the probability of cochannel interference (PCI) in Rayleigh fading environments when interfering phasors with unequal mean powers add noncoherently in the receiver. Expressions enable PCI calculation at every point within a cell and/or cluster, both in base stations and mobile units. - Author(s): R.W. Bäuml ; R.F.H. Fischer ; J.B. Huber
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2056 –2057
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961384
- Type: Article
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The authors propose a method for the reduction of peak-to-average transmit power ratio of multicarrier modulation systems, called selected mapping, is presented, which is appropriate for a wide range of applications. Significant gains can be achieved by selected mapping whereas complexity remains quite moderate. - Author(s): Young H.You ; Min G.Kang ; Ho Y.Cheong ; Chang E.Kang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2057 –2059
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961401
- Type: Article
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Statistical analysis of the decision threshold for parallel PN code acquisition in a Rician fading channel is presented. It is shown that in the performance analysis of the acquisition system with reference filtering , the statistical evaluation of the decision threshold seems more appropriate than the approximation of the decision threshold. - Author(s): J.D. Andersen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2059 –2060
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961383
- Type: Article
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2059
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The ‘error floor’ observed in several simulations with the turbo codes is verified by calculation of an upper bound to the bit error rate for the ensemble of all interleavers. Also an easy way to calculate the weight enumerator used in this bound is presented. An extended coding scheme is proposed including an outer BCH code correcting a few bit errors.
2D Schur algorithm using a new generator matrix
Capacity of slotted ALOHA in generalised fading environments
Carrier tracking technique for OFDM signal transmissions
Enhanced Nicolson's method for Fourier transform of step-like waveforms
Input polling arbitration mechanism for a gigabit packet switch
Multicarrier transmission using quadrature frequency/phase modulation
Optimisation of enhancement layer DCT coefficients in MPEG-2 SNR scalable video
Probability of cochannel interference in the case of noncoherent phasor addition with unequal powers in Rayleigh fading environments
Reducing the peak-to-average power ratio of multicarrier modulation by selected mapping
Statistical analysis of decision threshold for parallel acquisition with reference filtering in Rician fading channel
Turbo codes extended with outer BCH code
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- Author(s): Hae-DongLee ; Jong-SukLee ; Min-HoHyun ; Sun-YoungHwang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2060 –2062
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961403
- Type: Article
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The authors propose an efficient synthesis algorithm for the synthesis of RT-level hardware with low power consumption. The proposed algorithm minimises the overall power consumption of generated datapath by reducing spurious operations. Experimental results for several benchmark circuits under various synthesis constraints show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. - Author(s): M.J. Karol ; Z. Liu ; P. Pancha
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2062 –2063
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961375
- Type: Article
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The authors examine the implications of physical layer overhead on the design of multiaccess protocols under a demand-assignment framework, comparing full-slot contention with mini-slot contention. Even if the physical layer overhead is substantial relative to the packet size, we show that after ‘paying the price’ of transmitting the physical layer overhead it is still better, from a delay-throughput perspective, to only transmit a short request rather than a full packet during a contention period. - Author(s): Ç.K. Koç
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2063 –2065
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961402
- Type: Article
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The author introduces a parallel algorithm for generating the canonical signed-digit expansion of an n-bit number in O(logn) time using O(n) gates. The algorithm is similar to the computation of the carries in a carry look-ahead circuit. It is also proven that if the binary number x + ⌋x/2⌊ is given, then the canonical signed-digit recoding of x can be computed in O(1) time using O(n) gates.
Efficient synthesis algorithm for low-power ASIC design
Implications of physical layer overhead on the design of multiaccess protocols
Parallel canonical recoding
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- Author(s): Chien-ChengTseng and Soo-ChangPei
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2065 –2066
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961385
- Type: Article
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2065
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The authors propose a decomposition method to reduce the 2D multiple notch filter design problem to two pairs of 1D filter design problems. They develop a simple algebraic method for the design of two pairs of 1D IIR filter design. This approach not only has closed form transfer function but also satisfies the bounded input/output (BIBO) stability condition. - Author(s): M. Price ; S. Holden ; M. Sandler
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2066 –2067
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961374
- Type: Article
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Standard algorithms for synthesising parallel form digital filters are adequate for basic applications. However, recursive filters required in acoustics synthesis applications often have very high orders, and errors from filter synthesis can become intolerable. The authors describe a new method for synthesising parallel form recursive filters. In the experiment described, the new algorithm yielded smaller errors than the standard technique for almost every filter tested. - Author(s): J. Mulder ; W.A. Serdijn ; A.C. van der Woerd ; A.H.M. van Roermund
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2067 –2068
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961365
- Type: Article
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Translinear, log-domain or exponential state-space filters constitute only a subclass of dynamic translinear circuits. The dynamic translinear principle can also be used to implement nonlinear dynamics. This is illustrated by the design of an RMS-DC converter. - Author(s): I. Lakkis and D. McLernon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2068 –2070
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961407
- Type: Article
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The authors propose three criteria for maximising the signal-to-noise ratio in detecting a signal in noise. In the stochastic case, the optimal filter maximising the average power of the signal to the average power of the noise is an eigenfilter, and is usually considered as the stochastic counterpart of the matched filter. This interpretation is inexact. However, the optimum eigenfilter can be viewed as a filter matched to the principal component of the signal's power spectral density. A fast, efficient technique for the computation of the optimum eigenfilter is proposed. Simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
2D multiple notch filter design
Accurate parallel form filter synthesis
Dynamic translinear RMS-DC converter
Optimum eigenfilters and matched filters
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- Author(s): J.M. Daga ; S. Turgis ; D. Auvergne
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2070 –2071
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961394
- Type: Article
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The authors present an improved macro-model for the delay of CMOS inverters for a submicrometre process. This model includes input-to-output coupling capacitance, short circuit current and input slope effects. Validations are obtained by comparing simulated (HSPICE level 6, for a 0.7 µm process) and calculated values of delays for various conditions of input control and driving ability ratio between the short circuiting and the driving transistors. - Author(s): J. Wulleman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2071 –2073
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961399
- Type: Article
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p.
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The requirements of the presented binary delay line are low power, small area and minimum delay of 2 µs at a clock rate of 40 MHz. This binary delay line is implemented in 0.8 µm radiation hard SOI-SIMOX BiCMOS-PJFET technology of DMILL and consumes <450 µW/channel for a design with four channels and is part of a larger read-out chip for capacitive detectors. - Author(s): R. Fried and C.C. Enz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2073 –2074
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961364
- Type: Article
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p.
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An elegant implementation of the Gilbert sin(x) function shaper is presented. It is based on multiple MOST differential pairs biased in weak inversion, and using the bulk as an active terminal.
Inverter delay modelling for submicrometre CMOS process
Low-powered 2.1 µs binary delay line in radiation hard SOI-BiCMOS technology
MOST implementation of Gilbert sin(x) shaper
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- Author(s): M. Krishnaswamy ; J.N. McMullin ; B.P. Keyworth ; J.N. Broughton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2074 –2076
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961398
- Type: Article
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10 µm diameter hollow cylinders up to 1 cm long have been formed from sputtered glass on silicon. Ridges with rectangular cross-sections were etched from the glass and reformed into hollow cylinders upon annealing. Potential applications are integrated optics, optoelectronic device cooling, micro gas/fluid transport, and chemical and biomedical analysis. - Author(s): M. Bachmann ; P. Doussière ; J.Y. Emery ; R. N'Go ; F. Pommereau ; L. Goldstein ; G. Soulage ; A. Jourdan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2076 –2078
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961408
- Type: Article
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Clamped-gain SOA modules for 1.55 µm wavelength including DBR-gratings, tensile strained bulk material and mode size adaptors have been realised. Thanks to the stabilised gain over a large optical power range, amplification and routing of WDM signals at 16 × 10 Gbit/s has been achieved. - Author(s): K. Kato ; M. Yuda ; A. Kozen ; Y. Muramoto ; K. Noguchi ; O. Nakajima
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2078 –2079
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961370
- Type: Article
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The authors propose two novel designs of a waveguide photodiode for access networks; one is a planar waveguide conjunction with impurity diffusion to simplify the fabrication process and the other is an intentionally p-type doped photoabsoption layer to lower the operating voltage. Without degrading the efficiency, the fabricated device has a bandwidth of 500 MHz at 1 V and 250 MHz even at 0 V.
Formation of hollow glass microcylinders on silicon
Polarisation-insensitive clamped-gain SOA with integrated spot-size convertor and DBR gratings for WDM applications at 1.55 µm wavelength
Selective-area impurity-doped planar edge-coupled waveguide photodiode (SIMPLE-WGPD) for low-cost, low-power-consumption optical hybrid modules
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- Author(s): D. Delprat ; A. Ramdane ; A. Ougazzaden ; M. Carré
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2079 –2080
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961397
- Type: Article
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The same strained multiquantum well structure is used for both active and Bragg sections of a distributed Bragg reflector laser. 19 mW output power is achieved with a threshold current of 25 mA. A sidemode suppression ratio of 46 dB and a tuning range of 6.25 nm are reported at 1.55 µm.
Very simple approach for high performance tunable laser realisation
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- Author(s): Z.-G. Wang ; M. Berroth ; A. Thiede ; M. Rieger-Motzer ; P. Hofmann ; A. Hülsmann ; K. Köhler ; B. Raynor ; J. Schneider
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2081 –2082
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961363
- Type: Article
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A 40 and 20 Gbit/s clock recovery IC has been realised by using a fully-balanced narrowband regenerative frequency divider with 0.2 µm AlGaAs/GaAs HEMTs. The recovered clock signal has a time jitter of 2 ps at 20 GHz. The 2 × 1.5 mm2 IC needs ~300 mW DC power at –3.3 V supply. - Author(s): S. Batchelor ; R. Oven ; D.G. Ashworth
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2082 –2083
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961393
- Type: Article
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A simple drift transport model is used to predict the depth of planar optical waveguides produced by the electric field assisted ion exchange of potassium ions into soda-lime glass. The guide depth can be represented by a simple universal function of the voltage-process time product. The model is fitted to experimental data over a wide range of applied potentials and times. Joule heating effects limit the accuracy of the model at large current densities. - Author(s): K. Takiguchi ; S. Kawanishi ; H. Takara ; O. Kamatani ; K. Uchiyama ; A. Himeno ; K. Jinguji
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2083 –2085
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961369
- Type: Article
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The authors report 200 Gbit/s, 100 km time-division-multiplexed transmission with 2 ps signal pulses using a dispersion slope equaliser on a planar lightwave circuit. The pulse distortion caused by the dispersion slope is almost completely recovered, and the power penalty is improved by > 4 dB by the equaliser. - Author(s): N.J. Smith ; W. Forysiak ; N.J. Doran
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2085 –2086
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961382
- Type: Article
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The authors show that the Gordon-Haus jitter experienced in an optical fibre soliton system is reduced by periodic dispersion compensation. Not only is the jitter reduced compared with the uncompensated fibre, but it is lower than that of a system with constant dispersion equal to the path average dispersion of the dispersion managed system. - Author(s): K.M. Guild ; S.M. Webb ; S.S. Sian
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2087 –2088
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961404
- Type: Article
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2.5 Gbit/s transmission is demonstrated over a mixed fibre system without using remote optically pumped amplifiers (ROPAs). The use of NRZ data with clock pre-chirp, stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) suppression and dispersion compensation enables a +26.5 dBm signal to be launched into fibre. A 980 nm pumped preamplifier with a 3.5 dB noise figure and additional Raman gain at the receiver realises a system length of 392 km with an effective sensitivity of –45.2 dBm. When the system fibre length is increased to 415 km, an error rate is demonstrated which if forward error correction (FEC) were used would give error free transmission.
40 and 20 Gbit/s monolithic integrated clock recovery using a fully-balanced narrowband regenerative frequency divider with 0.2 µm AlGaAs/GaAs HEMTs
Characterisation of electric field assisted diffused potassium ion planar optical waveguides
Dispersion slope equalising experiment using planar lightwave circuit for 200 Gbit/s time-division-multiplexed transmission
Reduced Gordon-Haus jitter due to enhanced power solitons in strongly dispersion managed systems
Unrepeatered transmission over 415 km at 2.5 Gbit/s with Raman gain and +26.5 dBm launch power
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- Author(s): W.H. Loh ; S.D. Butterworth ; W.A. Clarkson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2088 –2089
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961389
- Type: Article
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The authors demonstrate that the efficiency of short cavity single frequency erbium-doped fibre lasers can be dramatically increased by pumping in the green absorption band. For a 10 cm distributed feedback erbium fibre laser pumped at 523.5 nm, a slope efficiency of 10% is achieved, compared to 1% efficiency obtained with conventional 980 nm pumping. - Author(s): G.J. Ashwell and M.P.S. Roberts
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2089 –2091
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961376
- Type: Article
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p.
2089
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Changes in the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of a 45 nm thick gold film, thermally evaporated onto one face of a BK7 glass prism, have been used to detect nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The intensity of the reflected light decreases linearly with the concentration of gas, the change being 0.1% per 1 ppm of NO2 with a response time of ~30 s for adsorption and 30–40 s for desorption. The process is highly selective and other gases, e.g. NH3, H2, CO, CO2, SO2, HCl, Cl2 and H2S, have little or no noticeable effect on the SPR at concentrations of 100 ppm. It is also reversible by flushing with air and the NO2 sensor showed only a 10% deterioration in the SPR response after 1500 adsorption/desorption cycles.
Efficient distributed feedback erbium-doped germanosilicate fibre laser pumped in 520 nm band
Highly selective surface plasmon resonance sensor for NO2
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- Author(s): K. Mizuuchi ; K. Yamamoto ; M. Kato
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2091 –2092
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961366
- Type: Article
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p.
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A periodically domain-inverted structure for a first-order bulk quasi-phasematched second harmonic generation was fabricated in a 0.3 mm thick MgO:LiNbO3 crystal via the application of a high-voltage pulse. A blue output power of 1 mW was achieved with 330 mW of fundamental infrared light in a single pass through the 10 mm interaction length. - Author(s): W. Torruellas ; B. Lawrence ; G.I. Stegeman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2092 –2094
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961400
- Type: Article
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p.
2092
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The authors show experimentally that spatial solitons with two transverse dimensions can be generated at 1600 nm in bulk polydiacetylene paratoluene-sulfonate (PTS) by a combination of third and fifth order nonlinearities.
Harmonic blue light generation in bulk periodically poled MgO:LiNbO3
Self-focusing and 2D spatial solitons in PTS
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- Author(s): R.R.A. Syms ; T.J. Tate ; M.M. Ahmad ; S. Taylor
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2094 –2095
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961362
- Type: Article
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p.
2094
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A self-aligning method of mounting four parallel cylindrical electrode rods in the geometry of a miniature quadrupole electrostatic lens is described. Pairs of electrode rods are mounted in V-grooves, which are fabricated by anisotropic etching of Si wafers. Two etched dies, separated by further insulating cylindrical spacer rods, comprise a complete lens assembly. For prototype lenses with 500 µm electrode diameter, electrode spacings were maintained to within 3% of their design value, suggesting that this method of construction will allow sufficient precision for such lenses to act as mass analysers in miniaturised quadrupole mass spectrometers. - Author(s): Jan-ShingSu ; Wei-ChouHsu ; Dong-TsuenLin ; WeiLin ; Hung-PinShiao ; Yu-ShyanLin ; Jean-ZenHuang ; Piin-JyeChou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2095 –2097
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961372
- Type: Article
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p.
2095
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Al0.66In0.34As0.85Sb0.15/In0.75Ga0.25As/InP heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) with high breakdown voltage have been successfully fabricated by low-pressure metal organic chemical vapour deposition (LP-MOCVD). By virtue of an Al0.66In0.34As0.85Sb0.15 Schottky layer and an inverted δ-doped carrier supplier, a gate-to-drain breakdown voltage as high as 40 V can be obtained. Moreover, the temperature dependence of breakdown voltage shows a negative temperature coefficient. - Author(s): Jun-YingZhang and I.W. Boyd
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2097 –2098
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961377
- Type: Article
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p.
2097
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Direct photo-oxidation of silicon at a temperature of 250°C has been investigated using vacuum ultraviolet radiation. The oxidation rate is more than three times greater than that obtained at 350°C using a low pressure mercury lamp. Ellipsometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, capacitance-voltage and current-voltage measurements indicate these to be high quality layers. - Author(s): J. Ko ; C.-H. Chen ; L.A. Coldren
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2099 –2100
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961378
- Type: Article
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With post-growth rapid thermal annealing (RTA), 824 nm strained Al0.15In0.25Ga0.6As multiquantum-well (MQW) lasers grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) showed a record low threshold current density of 83 A/cm2 per well. Ridge waveguide lasers fabricated from the same material exhibited pulsed threshold current of 5 mA and 62% external quantum efficiency without facet coating. In addition, 1.4 K photoluminescence (PL) study suggests that RTA is very effective in removing nonradiative centres in the active region. - Author(s): A.P. Kanjamala and A.F.J. Levi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2100 –2102
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961390
- Type: Article
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p.
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The authors demonstrate wavelength switching in a novel multicavity distributed Bragg reflector semiconductor laser diode. This new device, which uses an integrated saturable absorber and singlemode fibre Bragg gratings, digitally switches wavelength as a function of drive current between all possible binary combinations. - Author(s): Y. Blecher and R. Fried
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 32, Issue 22, p. 2102 –2103
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19961358
- Type: Article
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p.
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A low-voltage substrate triggering method for ESD protection structures in a standard CMOS digital process is presented. The principle is based on Zener avalanche to cause a local increase in substrate voltage.
Fabrication of a microengineered quadrupole electrostatic lens
High-breakdown voltage Al0.66In0.34As0.85Sb0.15/In0.75Ga0.25As/InP heterostructure field-effect transistors
Low temperature photo-oxidation of silicon using deep UV radiation
Low threshold MBE-grown AlInGaAs/AlGaAs strained multiquantum-well lasers by rapid thermal annealing
Wavelength switching using multicavity semiconductor laser diodes
Zener substrate triggering for CMOS ESD protection devices
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