Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 3, Issue 8, August 1967
Volumes & issues:
-
Volume 59 (2023)
-
Volume 58 (2022)
-
Volume 57 (2021)
-
Volume 56 (2020)
-
Volume 55 (2019)
-
Volume 54 (2018)
-
Volume 53 (2017)
-
Volume 52 (2016)
-
Volume 51 (2015)
-
Volume 50 (2014)
-
Volume 49 (2013)
-
Volume 48 (2012)
-
Volume 47 (2011)
-
Volume 46 (2010)
-
Volume 45 (2009)
-
Volume 44 (2008)
-
Volume 43 (2007)
-
Volume 42 (2006)
-
Volume 41 (2005)
-
Volume 40 (2004)
-
Volume 39 (2003)
-
Volume 38 (2002)
-
Volume 37 (2001)
-
Volume 36 (2000)
-
Volume 35 (1999)
-
Volume 34 (1998)
-
Volume 33 (1997)
-
Volume 32 (1996)
-
Volume 31 (1995)
-
Volume 30 (1994)
-
Volume 29 (1993)
-
Volume 28 (1992)
-
Volume 27 (1991)
-
Volume 26 (1990)
-
Volume 25 (1989)
-
Volume 24 (1988)
-
Volume 23 (1987)
-
Volume 22 (1986)
-
Volume 21 (1985)
-
Volume 20 (1984)
-
Volume 19 (1983)
-
Volume 18 (1982)
-
Volume 17 (1981)
-
Volume 16 (1980)
-
Volume 15 (1979)
-
Volume 14 (1978)
-
Volume 13 (1977)
-
Volume 12 (1976)
-
Volume 11 (1975)
-
Volume 10 (1974)
-
Volume 9 (1973)
-
Volume 8 (1972)
-
Volume 7 (1971)
-
Volume 6 (1970)
-
Volume 5 (1969)
-
Volume 4 (1968)
-
Volume 3 (1967)
-
Volume 2 (1966)
-
Volume 1 (1965)
Volume 3, Issue 8
August 1967
New synthesis method for positive-real matrixes
- Author(s): T.N. Rao and R.W. Newcomb
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 349 –350
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670269
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
349
–350
(2)
Using an even-and-odd-part split of the numerator and denominator of a positive-real matrix in one variable, a two-variable lossless matrix is formed. Recent synthesis methods are applied to give a lossless synthesis of the lossless two-variable matrix, with the original one-variable matrix resulting after the replacement of one type of reactive element by resistors.
Gyrators using operational amplifiers
- Author(s): A. Antoniou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 350 –352
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670270
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
350
–352
(3)
An ideal negative-impedance invertor (Lundry type) using a voltage-controlled voltage source is described, and is illustrated by a practical circuit using an operational amplifier. It is used in conjunction with negative-impedance convertors to realise new gyrator circuits.
Use of the hybrid TEM-dual surface wave in coaxial cables and resonators to reduce attenuation
- Author(s): H.M. Barlow and Mira Sen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 352 –353
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670271
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
352
–353
(2)
Experimental evidence is given of the reality of this hybrid wave in a coaxial guide having supporting surfaces of deliberately enhanced reactance. Moreover it is shown that a very significant reduction in attenuation is obtainable by this technique.
New method of permittivity measurement at centimetre and millimetre wavelengths
- Author(s): M. Vadnjal and M. Moresco
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 353 –354
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670272
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
353
–354
(2)
It is shown that node-shift measurements are possible by means of a 4-port lossless junction in place of a slotted line. The application to permittivity measurements is considered. The permittivity of Teflon at 70GHz was obtained, employing an unmatched hybrid-T junction.
Noise calibrator for v.h.f. and u.h.f. field-strength-measuring receivers
- Author(s): D.E. Susans
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 354 –355
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670273
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
354
–355
(2)
A simple noise generator, based on a semiconductor diode of the Zener type and suitable for use in the frequency range 30–900 MHz, can be used to check both absolute gain and noise performance of sensitive receivers.
Crystal stabilisation of astable-multivibrator frequency
- Author(s): Y. Paker and G. Tanman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 355 –357
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670274
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
355
–357
(3)
A quartz crystal is connected to the base, or between the two bases, of a transistor-multivibrator circuit to obtain high frequency stability. The mechanism of the operation is explained in a similar way to sine-wave synchronisation.
Numerical solution of the steady-state electric properties of transistors
- Author(s): V. Arandjelović and J.J. Sparkes
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 357 –359
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670275
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
357
–359
(3)
The basic differential equations governing one-dimensional steady-state current flow in semiconductors are transformed for numerical solution on a digital computer. The variation, as a function of distance, of the hole and electron densities, and of the electric field right through a transistor, have been computed for a wide range of current levels. No simplifying assumptions regarding space-charge neutrality or the properties of transition regions have been made. The variation of the diffusion coefficients with doping and electric field have been taken into account.
Generation of equivalent realisations for networks possessing poles at infinity
- Author(s): E.J. Purslow
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 359 –360
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670276
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
359
–360
(2)
The synthesis of passive networks using state-space concepts is considered. A transformation is introduced which generates all equivalent ireducible realisations of a real rational matrix, including those matrixes having poles at infinity.
Stability of a system with nonlinear nonautonomous feedback
- Author(s): J.L. Willems
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 360 –361
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670277
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
360
–361
(2)
A sufficient stability condition is presented for systems which contain a time-varying nonlinear feedback element. It is shown that it extends existing stability criteria. The application of the criterion to a numerical example is given.
Tentative approach to the design of waveguide-below-cutoff bandpass filters
- Author(s): G.P. Bava ; C. Scaglia ; E. Bava
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 361 –362
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670278
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
361
–362
(2)
This letter deals with a theoretical approach to the waveguide-below-cutoff bandpass filter. An equivalent circuit of the elementary section of the filter is used to derive the attenuation and bandpass properties. In order to explain some discrepancies between theoretical and experimental data, a more sophisticated circuit is introduced.
Gallium phosphide epitaxial layers with high mobility
- Author(s): R. Nicklin ; A.W. Russell ; P.C. Newman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, page: 363 –363
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670279
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
363
(1)
Measurements on epitaxial layers of GaP, containing negligible amounts of GaAs, have yielded mobilities up to 200cm2/Vs at room temperature, and a peak value of 1480cm2/Vs. The residual impurity appears to be Si.
Antiferromagnetic spin-wave instability calculations in the flopped state
- Author(s): P.H. Cole
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 363 –364
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670280
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
363
–364
(2)
The instability threshold for the excitation of synchronous spin waves in antiferromagnetic resonance is calculated for an arbitrary anisotropy surface in the flopped configuration. The approach follows the canonical formulation applied to ferromagnets by Schlömann, and the coupling mechanisms considered are provided by exchange and anisotropy energies.
Reduction of network sensitivity through the use of high-order approximating functions
- Author(s): J. Gorski-Popiel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 365 –366
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670281
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
365
–366
(2)
Relaxation of the conventional constraint to have the lowest-possible-order curves in an approximation procedure results in redundant functions. These, when realised, will lead to lower-sensitivity networks. This is of special importance in RCactive-filter design.
Long c.w. burst as a cable-test signal
- Author(s): G. Rosman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 366 –367
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670282
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
366
–367
(2)
Back-scatter of long c.w. bursts is studied as a means of measuring periodic fluctuations of cable impedance with length.
Boundary conditions at a dielectric-plasma interface
- Author(s): Y.S. Yeh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 367 –368
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670283
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
367
–368
(2)
This letter comments on previous work by Fedorchenko on boundary conditions at a dielectric-plasma interface. It is indicated that the condition derived from the causality requirement is not independent and cannot be used as the third condition besides the continuity of the tangential E and Hcomponents. For the two-variable Laplace transformation, any choice of the third boundary condition will be equally acceptable.
Reduction of system matrixes
- Author(s): H.H. Rosenbrock
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, page: 368 –368
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670284
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
368
(1)
It is shown that, if a system matrix having real coefficients can be reduced, it can always be reduced to a system matrix having real coefficients.
Nonreciprocal representation of the floating inductor with grounded-amplifier realisations
- Author(s): A.W. Keen and Jaqueline Peters
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 369 –371
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670285
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
369
–371
(3)
The floating inductor is approximated to by the nonreciprocal transmission matrix (1, Ls; 1/R, 1), where L = CR2 with R sufficiently large and CR2 constant. Representations of this matrix are obtained by a form of synthesis procedure and are realised with only one type of grounded operational amplifier. Results are given which show their performance in a lowpass filter.
Variationally computed antenna impedances and accuracy of resulting current distributions [Correction to a previous letter]
- Author(s): J. Galejs
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, page: 371 –371
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670286
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
371
(1)
The difference between a stationary- and a nonstationary-impedance formulation is shown to become identically equal to zero if coefficients of an approximate current distribution are determined by differentiating the stationary-impedance expression. This difference cannot be used as a criterion for estimating the accuracy of a given approximate current distribution.
Gray cyclic-coding generation using R–S bistable circuits
- Author(s): S.L. Hurst
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 372 –373
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670287
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
372
–373
(2)
An arrangement of n bistable circuits to generate Gray cyclic-coding sequences is disclosed, these n circuits being directly clocked by an auxiliary binary counter consisting of n − 1 stages. Deliberate desynchronisation of the auxiliary driving counter and the coding generator allows different pattern-coding sequences to be generated, with no change of interconnections.
Hall generator with variable active-layer thickness
- Author(s): T. Janicki and A. Kobus
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 373 –374
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670288
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
373
–374
(2)
The principle of operation of a new semiconductor device, a Hall generator with a variable-thickness active layer, is discussed. Such a device results from the location of a p-n junction in close proximity to the surface of a semiconductor plate, thus isolating the thin active layer of the Hall generator from the base. Two additional electrodes, one on the base and one on the active layer of the Hall generator, allow variation of space-charge location on the p-njunction by means of reverse biasing. Initial results on experimental units are also given.
Magnetodynamical modes in a spherical ferrite cavity
- Author(s): I. Wolff
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 374 –375
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670289
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
374
–375
(2)
The axial-symmetrical modes of a spherical cavity containing magnetised-ferrite material are calculated. It can be shown that the different modes of the resonator are coupled by the gyrotropic medium. The field of the gyrotropic resonator is represented by an infinite sum of the eigenfunctions of the spherical resonator containing an isotropic medium. Under consideration of the boundary conditions the dependence of the resonance frequency on the magnetic-bias field may be obtained.
Some properties of an injection-locked pulsed magnetron in a coherent-echo-detection system
- Author(s): M.H. Seavey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 375 –377
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670290
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
375
–377
(3)
An injection-locked pulsed magnetron is studied by observing echo pulses from an acoustic-delay medium. Phase coherence at 9.3GHz is observed for injection ratios as high as 40dB. Long-term stabilities better than one part in 105 per hour are measured. Injection-pulse amplification is observed at frequencies outside the locking band.
Scalar functions in electrical network theory
- Author(s): J.O. Flower
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 377 –378
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670291
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
377
–378
(2)
This letter seeks to establish how the well known forms of circuit equations are a natural consequence of recently developed ideas in nonlinear irreversible thermodynamics.
Solution of the time-optimal control problem for systems of similar structure
- Author(s): J.W. Beeston
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 378 –379
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670292
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
378
–379
(2)
A method for the solution of the time-optimal control problem is outlined. It is based on calculating the changes in the unknown boundary conditions with system structure. A simple fourth-order numerical example for the control of a swinging load is given.
Equivalent model for static and dynamic characterisation of switching in a polycrystalline toroidal ferrite
- Author(s): T.A. Kriz ; T.K. Ishii ; J.K. Sedivy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 379 –380
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670293
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
379
–380
(2)
A vectorial rotational equivalent model which characterises both static B-H properties and dynamic switching properties of a toroidal ferrite core is described. The model makes use of such measurable magnetic properties as magnetisation at remanence and saturation, coercive force and damping factor. A comparison of results obtained using the model described here with experimentally obtained results shows reasonably close agreement.
RC-active synthesis using positive-immittance convertors
- Author(s): J. Gorski-Popiel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 381 –382
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670294
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
381
–382
(2)
Positive-immittance convertors (p.i.c.s) with a purely reactive conversion ratio are used to simulate inductors in LCnetworks. This approach, in addition to all the advantages and disadvantages of multigyrator-capacitor networks, results in simulated inductors whose magnitudes are controlled by resistor networks. Consequently the capacitors directly involved in the simulation of the inductors may all be made equal to some convenient magnitude.
Modified Manley-Rowe relations for parametric interaction with small linear losses
- Author(s): C.G. Someda
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 383 –384
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670295
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
383
–384
(2)
For parametrically coupled oscillators with small linear losses, modified Manley-Rowe relations, where the effects of losses are accounted for, are shown to hold. Under restrictive assumptions about the losses, the output powers are shown to be Manley-Rowe-related to suitable functions of the input powers. When the losses do not satisfy those assumptions, such a calculation yields quantities bigger than the actual output powers but approximating to them better than those given by the lossless Manley-Rowe relations. Some of these considerations also apply to coupled travelling waves.
Steady-state stability of synchronous machines with augmented rotor resistance
- Author(s): F. Fallside and J. Waddington
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 384 –385
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670296
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
384
–385
(2)
An analysis of the steady-state stability of round-rotor synchronous machines, which was restricted to operation with a relatively large rotor time constant, is extended to include operation with a small time constant. Experimental results show qualitative agreement with the analysis, but a weakness in it is also revealed.
Theory of road-traffic control based on macroscopic traffic model
- Author(s): H. Inose ; H. Fujisaki ; T. Hamada
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 385 –386
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670297
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
385
–386
(2)
Theory of systematic control of traffic signals in urban areas is described. It is shown that for the minimisation of delay time of vehicles, preferential offsets should be assigned to the optimum tree in a road network, and the procedure for determining the optimum tree is proposed.
On the error rates of digital-modulation systems in the presence of impulsive noise
- Author(s): H. Inose and M. Kato
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 386 –388
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670298
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
386
–388
(3)
It has been found more necessary in evaluating data-transmission systems to consider impulsive noise than conventional Gaussian noise. In this letter, a model of impulsive noise is assumed which is reasonably consistent with the measurements and is not too complex to be handled analytically. Various digital-modulation systems are analysed to determine their performance in such a noise environment. Bit-error rates are calculated as a function of average signal/impulsive-noise ratio. The ranking of the various systems with respect to immunity against impulsive noise is found to be almost the same as to that for Gaussian noise.
Nonreciprocal negative-impedance invertor
- Author(s): S.K. Mitra
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, page: 388 –388
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670299
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
388
(1)
Two nullator-norator equivalent representations of the non-reciprocal negative-impedance invertor (z11 = z22 = 0, z12 ≠ z21, and z12/z21>0) are described, with several transistorised-circuit realisations of these devices.
Further experimental observations on the behaviour of the hybrid tem-dual surface wave in a coaxial resonator
- Author(s): H.M. Barlow and Mira Sen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, page: 389 –389
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670300
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
389
(1)
Electric- and magnetic-energy storage in passive nonreciprocal networks
- Author(s): W.E. Smith
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, p. 389 –391
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670301
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
389
–391
(3)
An examination of the relationship of electric- and magnetic-energy storage to the terminal behaviour of linear passive networks shows both similarities and important differences between wholly reciprocal systems and systems containing gyrators as elements. The presence of a dispersive medium necessitates further modification. As a result, the conventional lower bound on energy storage is removed for gyrator networks.
Erratum: Steady-state stability of variable-frequency synchronous machine drives
- Author(s): F. Fallside and A.T. Wortley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, page: 391 –391
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670302
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
391
(1)
Erratum: Excitation of the PE20 and PM11 modes in a dielectric-loaded trough waveguide by a dielectric-loaded rectangular waveguide
- Author(s): J.A. Staniforth and N.B. Saddler
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 8, page: 391 –391
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670303
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
391
(1)
Most viewed content for this Journal
Article
content/journals/el
Journal
5
Most cited content for this Journal
-
Extreme multistability in a memristive circuit
- Author(s): Bo-Cheng Bao ; Quan Xu ; Han Bao ; Mo Chen
- Type: Article
-
Absorptive frequency selective surface using parallel LC resonance
- Author(s): Qiang Chen ; Liguo Liu ; Liang Chen ; Jiajun Bai ; Yunqi Fu
- Type: Article
-
Partial spectral search-based DOA estimation method for co-prime linear arrays
- Author(s): Fenggang Sun ; Peng Lan ; Bin Gao
- Type: Article
-
Experimental verification of on-chip CMOS fractional-order capacitor emulators
- Author(s): G. Tsirimokou ; C. Psychalinos ; A.S. Elwakil ; K.N. Salama
- Type: Article
-
54 Gbit/s OOK transmission using single-mode VCSEL up to 2.2 km MMF
- Author(s): G. Stepniak ; A. Lewandowski ; J.R. Kropp ; N.N. Ledentsov ; V.A. Shchukin ; N. Ledentsov Jr. ; G. Schaefer ; M. Agustin ; J.P. Turkiewicz
- Type: Article