Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 3, Issue 2, February 1967
Volumes & issues:
-
Volume 59 (2023)
-
Volume 58 (2022)
-
Volume 57 (2021)
-
Volume 56 (2020)
-
Volume 55 (2019)
-
Volume 54 (2018)
-
Volume 53 (2017)
-
Volume 52 (2016)
-
Volume 51 (2015)
-
Volume 50 (2014)
-
Volume 49 (2013)
-
Volume 48 (2012)
-
Volume 47 (2011)
-
Volume 46 (2010)
-
Volume 45 (2009)
-
Volume 44 (2008)
-
Volume 43 (2007)
-
Volume 42 (2006)
-
Volume 41 (2005)
-
Volume 40 (2004)
-
Volume 39 (2003)
-
Volume 38 (2002)
-
Volume 37 (2001)
-
Volume 36 (2000)
-
Volume 35 (1999)
-
Volume 34 (1998)
-
Volume 33 (1997)
-
Volume 32 (1996)
-
Volume 31 (1995)
-
Volume 30 (1994)
-
Volume 29 (1993)
-
Volume 28 (1992)
-
Volume 27 (1991)
-
Volume 26 (1990)
-
Volume 25 (1989)
-
Volume 24 (1988)
-
Volume 23 (1987)
-
Volume 22 (1986)
-
Volume 21 (1985)
-
Volume 20 (1984)
-
Volume 19 (1983)
-
Volume 18 (1982)
-
Volume 17 (1981)
-
Volume 16 (1980)
-
Volume 15 (1979)
-
Volume 14 (1978)
-
Volume 13 (1977)
-
Volume 12 (1976)
-
Volume 11 (1975)
-
Volume 10 (1974)
-
Volume 9 (1973)
-
Volume 8 (1972)
-
Volume 7 (1971)
-
Volume 6 (1970)
-
Volume 5 (1969)
-
Volume 4 (1968)
-
Volume 3 (1967)
-
Volume 2 (1966)
-
Volume 1 (1965)
Volume 3, Issue 2
February 1967
High-performance direct-coupled gyrators
- Author(s): W.H. Holmes ; S. Gruetzmann ; W.E. Heinlein
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 45 –46
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670035
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
45
–46
(2)
Two new integratable high-performance direct-coupled gyrator circuits are presented, and some aspects of their design are discussed. Simulated inductances of up to 200H have been realised, with stable Q factors of up to several thousands. Without special compensation, the temperature coefficients were 20×10−6 per deg C for inductance and 800×10−6 per deg C for Q.
Direct-coupled gyrators with floating ports
- Author(s): W.H. Holmes ; S. Gruetzmann ; W.E. Heinlein
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 46 –47
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670036
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
46
–47
(2)
An integratable high-performance direct-coupled gyrator circuit which is capable of being used in the simulation of floating inductors for lowpass filters is presented, and some of the peculiarities of practical floating gyrators are discussed.
Monotron oscillator with supraconducting cavity
- Author(s): F. Biquard ; A. Septier ; P. Grivet
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 47 –49
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670037
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
47
–49
(3)
A description is given of a microwave oscillator of monotron type using a supraconducting cavity. After a brief comparison with a maser, we show that it is possible to realise an S band oscillator with a frequency stability of 10−10, which can deliver c.w. power of the order of 1W.
Low-Qfactor single-stage amplifier detuned from the resonant frequency
- Author(s): A.K. Smoliński
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 49 –50
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670038
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
49
–50
(2)
This letter presents a computation of the response to the input step-modulated high-frequency signal of a single-stage low-Q factor amplifier detuned from the resonant frequency. The shape of this response depends on the detuning of the amplifier from the input-signal frequency and also, in a great measure, on the phase angle of the signal. A substantial overshoot appears as the detuning augments.
Simulated inductors using differential amplifiers
- Author(s): R.H.S. Riordan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 50 –51
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670039
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
50
–51
(2)
A novel circuit for the simulation of high-quality inductors is described. The circuit is based on differential amplifiers and can use standard integrated circuits; in initial tests, it has given very large effective inductances with high Qfactors at very low frequencies.
Polarisation and sea echo
- Author(s): M.W. Long
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 51 –52
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670040
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
51
–52
(2)
It is sometimes of interest to compare the radar cross-section for transmitting and receiving a given linear polarisation with that for another linear polarisation. Even if only average values are required, such an experiment may be difficult to implement because echoing characteristics might change within a time interval smaller than that required to change transmitted polarisation. Depending on target characteristics, desired results might be obtained by simultaneously receiving the two linear polarisations of interest and transmitting a circular polarisation. Applicable equations are developed and used as an aid in interpreting recently reported sea-echo data.
Determination of current waveform and efficiency of Gunn diodes
- Author(s): W. Heinle
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 52 –54
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670041
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
52
–54
(3)
The dynamic behaviour of the Gunn diode is described using a dynamic drift-velocity field-strength characteristic which can be derived from a simple domain model. From, this characterisation, a more general theory than that given earlier for the efficiency of a Gunn diode is set up for the mixed resonant transit-time mode and the suppressed resonant mode.
Measurement of r63 for ADP up to electric breakdown
- Author(s): H. Koetser
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 54 –55
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670042
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
54
–55
(2)
The measurement of the electro-optic coefficient r63 at constant stress for ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is described. A novel form of electro-optic modulator is employed, with an optically transparent electrode system. The results obtained show no variation of the electro-optic coefficient with field strength up to electric breakdown at 200kV/cm.
Comparison between measured and theoretical nonlinear behaviour of 4-cavity klystrons
- Author(s): J.L. Eaton and D.J. Whythe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 55 –57
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670043
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
55
–57
(3)
Measured distortions of television signals and levels of harmonics and intermodulation products occurring in a 4-cavity klystron are shown to be in reasonable agreement with values calculated using the 2-cavity ballistic theory. It is concluded that the measured nonlinearity of the klystron is largely fundamental to its mode of operation.
Empirical method of calibrating a 4-point microarray for measuring thin-film-sheet resistance
- Author(s): R. Rymaszewski
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 57 –58
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670044
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
57
–58
(2)
The calibration of a 4-point probe used for sheet-resistance measurements of a thin-film sample is usually based on the calculation of a correction factor C, depending on the probe and sample dimensions. Based on the Van, der Pauw idea, a method of experimental calibration of the 4-point probe is given, if the probe dimensions are sufficiently small in comparison with the sample.
Least order of system matrixes
- Author(s): H.H. Rosenbrock
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 58 –59
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670045
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
58
–59
(2)
Simultaneous propagation of magnetostatic and spin-elastic waves in nonellipsoidal ferrimagnets
- Author(s): J.H. Collins
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 59 –61
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670046
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
59
–61
(3)
Spin-wave propagation parallel to the static biasing field is considered in the presence of magnetostatic boundary effects for a saturated nonellipsoidal ferrimagnet. It is shown that two principal branches exist in the delay-field characteristics, over the same biasing range, with delay decreasing monotonically with applied field. The predominantly magnetostatic branch is related to the experiments of Kedzie, the coupling mechanisms of wire antennas to spin waves, and observations on magnetostatic-mode parametric amplifiers.
Operational differentiation using simulated inductance with single-ended amplifiers
- Author(s): A.W. Keen and J.L. Peters
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 61 –62
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670047
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
61
–62
(2)
The passive RL form of differentiating circuit is used as a basis for the development of new forms of differentiator, in which the shunt inductance element L is simulated, and the error incurred by the series resistance R is compensated for, by a composite operational-amplifier network. An arrangement that employs only two single-ended operational amplifiers is derived.
Magnetically tunable multisection bandpass filters in ferrite-loaded evanescent waveguide
- Author(s): R.F. Skedd and G. Craven
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 62 –63
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670048
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
62
–63
(2)
A description is given of a novel type of bandpass filter constructed in ferrite-loaded waveguide and using the evanescent-mode principle of operation. These filters may be multisection, and their operating band of frequencies may be tuned by a single-knob control of the d.c. magnetic field on the ferrite. Performance of a 3-section bandpass filter is given.
Source of f.m. noise in cavity-controlled Gunn-effect oscillators
- Author(s): G.S. Hobson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 63 –64
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670049
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
63
–64
(2)
The spectrum of Gunn-effect cavity-controlled oscillators has an f.m. noise power considerably greater than the a.m. noise power. A simple theory of a possible f.m. noise source peculiar to Gunn-effect oscillators is presented and compared with experimental data.
High-stability direct-voltage reference
- Author(s): P. Williams
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 64 –65
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670050
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
64
–65
(2)
A circuit is described which provides two stable direct voltages, one with respect to each supply line. Stability factors of 105 have been observed, permitting the selection of Zener diodes for their desired temperature characteristics without consideration of supply variations in many cases.
New f.m. varicap detector
- Author(s): F. Kouri and K. Vrba
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 65 –66
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670051
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
65
–66
(2)
A description is given of a new simple f.m. detector with a varicap, which consists of both a modulation converter and an ordinary a.m. detector. Calculated and measured characteristics of the modulation convertor are given, as well as a critical examination of the detector on the basis of theoretical and experimental investigations.
On the existence of an overshoot in the step-function response of a linear circuit
- Author(s): J.-E. Sigdell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 66 –68
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670052
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
66
–68
(3)
Given the Laplace transform of a step-function response, one may occasionally want to judge the existence of an overshoot without calculating the corresponding time function. The letter suggests how this may be done and derives a sufficient, but not necessary, condition.
Method of suppressing unwanted reverse domains at the edges of magnetic thin-film strips
- Author(s): M.C. Stevens
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, page: 68 –68
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670053
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
68
(1)
It is shown that, if a strip of magnetic thin film is formed with its easy direction of magnetisation at 45° to the edges of the strip instead of at 90°, reverse domains are not nucleated at the edges, and a single domain wall may be propagated without additional walls being generated.
Constant-current source with infinite internal resistance
- Author(s): A. Ambrózy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 68 –69
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670054
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
68
–69
(2)
The usual high-output-resistance transistor circuit may be modified by a supplementary emitter follower to provide positive feedback for infinite output resistance. For the best performance, a field-effect transistor must be used in the feedback circuit.
Differential amplifier with very high common-mode-rejection ratio
- Author(s): G. Gooberman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, page: 70 –70
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670055
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
70
(1)
A long-tailed-pair amplifier is described which, uses both bipolar and field-effect transistors and has a d.c. common-mode-rejection ratio of about 150dB.
Flicker noise in silicon planar transistors
- Author(s): E.A. Faulkner and D.W. Harding
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 71 –72
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670056
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
71
–72
(2)
Flicker noise may be characterised by a single parameter ωF, which is the frequency at which flicker noise becomes equal to shot noise. Many devices show ωF to be as low as 60 Hz, and give a noise figure of <1dB at 25 Hz. This is not in accordance with a recently published formula.
Simple method of measuring output drift, with particular reference to identification techniques using chain codes
- Author(s): W.D.T. Davies
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 72 –73
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670057
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
72
–73
(2)
The letter describes a technique by which the parameters of a very low-frequency drift disturbance present at the output of a system may be calculated. These parameters are required so that an accurate estimate of the impulse-response function of the system may be obtained through the use of a chain code as the perturbating input signal.
Experimental investigation of a pipeline for optical communication
- Author(s): M. Procházka ; J. Pachman ; J. Mužík
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 73 –74
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670058
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
73
–74
(2)
Methods of measuring the parameters of a pipeline for light transmission are described, and results are presented. The pipeline is 100m long and metallised by aluminium on the inside. The cross-section of the pipeline is about 20mm, and it was constructed inside a building.
Sensitivity analysis of lossless 2 ports by uniform variations of the element values
- Author(s): J. Neirynck and J.P. Thiran
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 74 –76
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670059
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
74
–76
(3)
A method is given for analysing the sensitivity of a 2-port transmission network independently of other effects inherent in the synthesis method. This method allows proof of the outstanding insensitivity of Cheby̅shev filters; it also shows the importance of a minimum flat loss in predistorted filters.
Serial adder for bits occurring in reverse time sequence
- Author(s): E.H. Cooke-Yarborough
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 77 –78
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670060
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
77
–78
(2)
A serial adder is described which enables individual bits to be added serially into an accumulating register as they are formed, despite the fact that they appear in the reverse order to that normally required.
Measurement of electric-field distribution in n-hexane using an optical probe
- Author(s): C.E. Hill and H. House
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 78 –79
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670061
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
78
–79
(2)
A modified polarimeter suitable for measuring very small ellipticities in polarised light is used, by virtue of the Kerr effect, to derive the voltage distribution in electrically stressed n-hexane. An unexpected oscillation was found to occur, although the integral of the time-average stress across the gap was within 5% of the applied voltage.
Formulas for the number of multitrees in a complete graph
- Author(s): K. Brown
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 80 –81
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670062
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
80
–81
(2)
The principle of inclusion and exclusion is used to generate formulas for the numbers of multitrees in a complete graph from formulas for the number of trees in various types of incomplete network.
Solution of Lyapunov matrix equation for continuous systems via Schwarz and Routh canonical forms
- Author(s): H.M. Power
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 81 –82
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670063
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
81
–82
(2)
Iterative methods for solution of the Lyapunov matrix equation for continuous systems A'L+LA=−C based on prior reduction of A to Schwarz or Routh canonical form, are described. The methods are based on the effect which a similarity transformation on A has on the equation. A restriction on solubility is discussed.
Equivalence of Lyapunov matrix equations for continuous and discrete systems
- Author(s): H.M. Power
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, page: 83 –83
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670064
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
83
(1)
It is shown that, through the transformation B=(A+I)(A−I)−1, the Lyapunov matrix equations for continuous and discrete systems A'L+LA=−C and A'LA−L=−C, respectively, may be converted one to the other.
Tunnel-diode invertor
- Author(s): G. Manuzio and L. Racca
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 83 –84
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670065
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
83
–84
(2)
A modification of the conventional tunnel-diode monostable circuit which gives an output signal of reversed polarity with respect to the polarity of the input is described. The circuit is simple and reliable and employs one tunnel diode only.
Method for laser-beam cleaning
- Author(s): J.R. Christian and J.W. Mink
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 84 –85
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670066
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
84
–85
(2)
A simple method for removing irregularities in laser output-intensity distributions caused by internal reflections in the output mirror is described. The design equations for a lens and iris combination are given, and experimental results for one type of laser are shown.
Analysis of second-order parametric systems with impulse variations
- Author(s): R.K. Keenan and W.A. Brown
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 85 –87
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670067
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
85
–87
(3)
A method for handling a second-order differential equation with a coefficient comprised of δfunction plus arbitrary-function terms is given. Application of this method to a sampled-data control system leads to the same results as those which are obtained via Ztransform theory, thus providing a particular-case verification of the method.
A fundamental difficulty in the analysis of cylindrical waveguides with impedance walls
- Author(s): J.R. Wait
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 87 –88
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670068
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
87
–88
(2)
The propagation of electromagnetic waves in a cylindrical waveguide with an impedance-boundary condition is discussed. It is pointed out that the coupling between modes of different order is an intrinsic aspect of noncircular cross-sections. Only in special limiting cases does this coupling become negligible.
Generation of quadratic-residue sequences
- Author(s): M. Darnell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 88 –90
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670069
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
88
–90
(3)
A simple method of generating pseudorandom signals is derived using the properties of quadratic-residue sequences.
Fluctuations in the amplitude of oscillation of an ammonia beam maser
- Author(s): A.L.S. Smith and D.C. Lainé
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 90 –91
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670070
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
90
–91
(2)
Results are given of measurements of fluctuations in the amplitude of oscillation of an ammonia beam maser. The fluctuations are found to increase as the level of oscillation falls, although near the oscillation level the experimental values are significantly below those predicted by univelocity theory.
Erratum: Solution of a singular integral equation over a multiple interval and applications to multiple strips, grids and waveguide diaphragms
- Author(s): L. Lewin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, page: 91 –91
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670071
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
91
(1)
Erratum: Sur deux méthodes de mesure de la résistance de base (Analysis of two base-resistance measuring methods)
- Author(s): G. Rey and J.P. Babary
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 2, page: 91 –91
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670072
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
91
(1)
Most viewed content for this Journal
Article
content/journals/el
Journal
5
Most cited content for this Journal
-
Extreme multistability in a memristive circuit
- Author(s): Bo-Cheng Bao ; Quan Xu ; Han Bao ; Mo Chen
- Type: Article
-
Absorptive frequency selective surface using parallel LC resonance
- Author(s): Qiang Chen ; Liguo Liu ; Liang Chen ; Jiajun Bai ; Yunqi Fu
- Type: Article
-
Partial spectral search-based DOA estimation method for co-prime linear arrays
- Author(s): Fenggang Sun ; Peng Lan ; Bin Gao
- Type: Article
-
Experimental verification of on-chip CMOS fractional-order capacitor emulators
- Author(s): G. Tsirimokou ; C. Psychalinos ; A.S. Elwakil ; K.N. Salama
- Type: Article
-
54 Gbit/s OOK transmission using single-mode VCSEL up to 2.2 km MMF
- Author(s): G. Stepniak ; A. Lewandowski ; J.R. Kropp ; N.N. Ledentsov ; V.A. Shchukin ; N. Ledentsov Jr. ; G. Schaefer ; M. Agustin ; J.P. Turkiewicz
- Type: Article
