Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 3, Issue 12, December 1967
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Volume 3, Issue 12
December 1967
Computation of the effect of a dielectric cylinder on the radiation pattern of a dipole
- Author(s): J.L. Eaton and A.D. Olver
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 529 –531
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670415
- Type: Article
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A method is given for calculating the effect on the horizontal radiation pattern of a dipole when it is enclosed in a dielectric cylinder. Results are shown which indicate that considerable pattern shaping can occur with cylinders of glass fibre when the radius is a wavelength or greater.
Pulse networks with elliptic distribution of poles
- Author(s): B.D. Rakovich
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 531 –533
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670416
- Type: Article
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A new class of ladder filters for pulse applications with poles located on elliptic contours is introduced. This class is generated by varying a real parameter which controls the pole positions on the same ellipse. Transient responses for order n = 3–6 are studied and shown to yield an improvement over Scanlan filters and other similar systems.
Temperature dependence of the delay time between the current pulse and the laser emission of GaAs laser diodes
- Author(s): G. Guekos and M.J.O. Strutt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 533 –534
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670417
- Type: Article
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The temperature dependence of the delay time td has been measured for diffused-junction GaAs laser diodes above 80°K. A temperature range is found where dtd/dT becomes negative.
Nonlinear-resistance harmonic generators
- Author(s): F.A. Benson and F. Winder
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 534 –535
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670418
- Type: Article
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Two analyses of a nonlinear-resistance harmonic generator are presented enabling the conversion efficiency to be estimated. The theoretical predictions are compared with experimental results.
Gain stabilisation of transistor voltage amplifiers
- Author(s): A. Bilotti
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 535 –537
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670419
- Type: Article
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By the method described, the voltage gain of a transistor amplifier is made insensitive to transistor gm variations.
Hybrid method of state and parameter estimation for use in gradient techniques
- Author(s): R.F. Brown and G.C. Goodwin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, page: 537 –537
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670420
- Type: Article
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The quasilinearisation method (or, equivalently, the parameter-influence-coefficient method) is currently preferred to the adjoint-variable method in solving the identification problem because it leads to a one-point boundary-value problem. It is shown that hybrid use of the two methods greatly reduces the number of first-order differential equations to be numerically integrated.
Near fields of a linear antenna
- Author(s): J. Galejs
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 538 –539
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670421
- Type: Article
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The near fields of a strip antenna in free space have been computed by modifying a variational-impedance formulation. Current distributions, which vary linearly with distance near the ends of the antenna, excite strong tangential electric fields on the antenna surface. Such surface fields are avoided by choosing the axial antenna current to vary in proportion to the square root of the distance from the antenna ends. This modification of the antenna current is not necessary, however, for field calculations at distances comparable to the antenna width. The fields parallel to the antenna surface decrease with increasing distance from the antenna near the driving point and the antenna ends, but are found to increase in an intermediate range.
Low-frequency self-tuning filter using analogue-computer components
- Author(s): N.S. Nagaraja and A. Prathima
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 539 –540
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670422
- Type: Article
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A method of introducing self-tuning features in a filter with the characteristics of an LCR tuned circuit built up of analogue-computer components is described. The filter is suitable for low frequencies. Tracking and search facilities can be readily incorporated. In an experimental arrangement, the filter could search and track a signal over a range of frequencies in the ratio of 1:10, and a Q factor of 20 was obtained. Applications to Doppler radar-frequency measurements are envisaged.
Waveguide-sandwich electromagnetic window
- Author(s): S. Cornbleet
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 540 –542
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670423
- Type: Article
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The reflection and transmission properties of a new symmetrical radome-wall construction are obtained from a matrix representation. The structure consists of a sandwich of two layers of dielectric material enclosing a medium of artificial dielectric in the form of a 2-dimensional array of waveguides, as is used in waveguide lenses. Two important properties are disclosed: first, the possibility of creating a reflectionless radome with no insertion phase delay (i.p.d.), and, secondly, thin radomes with bandwidths of 10:1 for a power-reflection loss less than 10%, despite the cutoff effect of the centre medium.
High-power pulsed electron beam from a glow discharge
- Author(s): G.G. Isaacs
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 542 –543
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670424
- Type: Article
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A cold-cathode electron gun has been developed in which a pulsed discharge in gas at about 0.1 torr produces a focused beam. With a concave disc cathode 5cm in diameter, a pulsed input of 20kV and 2A in hydrogen gave a power density at the focus between 106 and 107 W/cm2.
Violation of the 2-triple property by resistive networks
- Author(s): G.E. Sharpe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 543 –544
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670425
- Type: Article
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An (m + 1)terminal resistive network forms a strongly Ptolemaic metric space Sm which violates the 2-triple property; i.e. linearity of any 2-triples among four pairwise distinct terminals does not imply linearity of the two remaining triples.
Analogue memory chain: a new circuit for storing and delaying signals
- Author(s): G. Krause
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 544 –546
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670426
- Type: Article
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This is the description of a circuit in which capacitors and active elements are arranged alternately in a row. The active elements shift the information from one capacitor to the next by a cycle pulse. Such a memory chain can be used for storing and delaying analogue signals.
Depolarisation of electromagnetic waves backscattered by finitely conducting gently curved surfaces
- Author(s): P. Beckmann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 546 –547
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670427
- Type: Article
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The vector solution for the field backscattered by a finitely conducting surface with radii of curvature much larger than the incident wavelength obtained by the Stratton-Chu method is expressed in a form which gives insight into the dependence of depolarisation on angle of incidence, incident polarisation and on the electrical and geometrical properties of the backscattering surface.
Suppression of discharge-modulation noise in a gas laser by means of an external modulator
- Author(s): G. Forgó and M.J.O. Strutt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, page: 547 –547
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670428
- Type: Article
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A compensation method is presented for the suppression of the discharge-modulation noise in a gas laser beam. The method uses an external KDP cell and is effective for a limited frequency band.
Computer simulation of a gold-doped diode
- Author(s): D.M. Caughey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 548 –549
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670429
- Type: Article
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Distributions of trapped charge, net recombination rate and space charge are shown for a diffused p-n junction in gold-doped silicon. The distributions are obtained by numerically solving the one-dimensional equations descriptive of semiconductor physical electronic behaviour. The gold in silicon is represented by 2-level 3-state traps.
Automatic identification of linear static plant by degressive feedback and digital computer
- Author(s): Z. Bubnicki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 549 –550
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670430
- Type: Article
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An iterative procedure is proposed for identification of a linear static multidimensional plant with unknown parameters. The algorithm, assuring the convergence of adjusting model parameters to real plant parameters, may be realised by a digital computer. The presented algorithm is based on the principles of ‘degressive feedback’ and stochastic approximation.
V.H.F. and u.h.f. Gunn-effect oscillators
- Author(s): D. Cawsey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 550 –551
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670431
- Type: Article
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In this letter, the use of the Gunn device as a broadband negative resistance, somewhat analogous to a tunnel diode, is explored. v.h.f. and u.h.f. oscillators are described; the frequency is determined by an external resonant circuit and is very nearly independent of the parameters of the Gunn-effect sample.
Determination of the parameters of a 2-phase drag-cup accelerometer
- Author(s): B. Ramaswami and P. Sasidhara Rao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, page: 552 –552
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670432
- Type: Article
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A direct and reasonably accurate method of obtaining an electrical signal proportional to the angular acceleration is of immense interest in the design of feedback control systems. The 2-phase drag-cup motor is widely used as an angular accelerometer. In this letter we propose a new method of determining the electrical parameters of a 2-phase drag-cup accelerometer and show that our method is superior to an earlier method.
Adaptive compensation of mechanical resonances
- Author(s): D.R. Wilson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, page: 553 –553
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670433
- Type: Article
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Mechanical oscillations occurring in a servoloop put severe limitations on system performance. In this letter, an adaptive antiresonant compensating system is described which is capable of cancelling the complex mechanical poles.
Upper and lower bounds for the power consumption of passive networks
- Author(s): G. Martinelli
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 553 –554
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670434
- Type: Article
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Bounds are derived for the power consumption of a passive network driven by sinusoidal generators. Two Constraints on the excitation are considered. They require that the sum of the voltage magnitudes and the sum of the available powers of the generators are equal to unity.
Incremental ratio by parallel logic
- Author(s): S. Levialdi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 554 –555
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670435
- Type: Article
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A system for extracting the first, second, … nth derivative of a function, drawn on a suitable input matrix, is outlined. A block diagram with an example is also given.
Magnetostatic waves at singular turning points
- Author(s): P. de Santis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 555 –556
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670436
- Type: Article
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The effect of a finite linewidth on the propagation of magnetostatic modes at the point where conversion into spin waves takes place is analysed. A formula is given to establish whether either absorption or transmission occurs.
Gunn oscillator used as a phased-array aerial element
- Author(s): J. Magarshack
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 556 –557
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670437
- Type: Article
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This letter describes an investigation into the feasibility of using the bias voltage as the phase-varying parameter in an array of synchronised Gunn oscillators to steer an antenna. The variation in bias changes the frequency of an unsynchronised oscillator, which, when locked, becomes a change in phase while it is oscillating at the pilot frequency. A simple experiment is described in which the interference pattern from two horns is made to sweep through a fringe wavelength with a voltage variation of 400mV in the bias of one oscillator.
New technique for measurement of total scattering cross-sections using an open resonator
- Author(s): A.L. Cullen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 557 –558
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670438
- Type: Article
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It is shown that, for obstacles having a ceprtain symmetry, the cross-section for absorption and scattering can be determined by measuring under prescribed conditions the Q factor of an open resonator into which the obstacle is introduced.
Practical stability in polar co-ordinates
- Author(s): J.R. Hewit and C. Storey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 558 –559
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670439
- Type: Article
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A simple, but in some cases more powerful, modification of the tracking-function method of practical stability analysis is described.
Window functions for nonrecursive digital filters
- Author(s): C. Rossi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 559 –561
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670440
- Type: Article
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A comparative analysis of the most important window functions for nonrecursive digital filters is presented here, together with a Table which allows one to choose immediately the proper window appropriate for the design requirements.
Relations between modes and pulse shapes of submillimetre-wave laser emissions
- Author(s): H. Steffen ; B. Keller ; F.K. Kneubühl
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 561 –562
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670441
- Type: Article
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A new experimental method for the study of the relation between the resonator modes and the pulse shapes of submillimetre-wave laser emissions is described. With this method, each peak in the pulse can be labelled with its mode. A beat modulation of the pulse for nearly degenerate modes is reported.
Solution of a time-varying Wiener filtering problem
- Author(s): B.D.O. Anderson and J.B. Moore
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 562 –563
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670442
- Type: Article
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The problem is considered of optimally estimating a signal s(t) when measurements z(t) = s(t) + n(t) are available, n(t) denoting white noise. The covariances of s(t) and n(t) are known, thus distinguishing the problem formulation from that of Kalman and Bucy, where knowledge is assumed of a dynamical system generating s(t) when driven by white noise.
Performance of feedback systems with nonlinear phase-advance compensators to Gaussian inputs
- Author(s): R. Balasubramanian and D.P. Atherton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 563 –565
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670443
- Type: Article
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Analytical results for the equivalent gains of two previously suggested nonlinear phase-advance compensators are found for sine and Gaussian inputs. Although they may improve the frequency response of a feedback system, they are shown to have no advantages for random inputs.
Noise measurements in metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors below saturation
- Author(s): M. Decker ; L. Gouskov ; D. Rigaud
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 565 –566
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670444
- Type: Article
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In this letter we report some results of noise measurements on m.o.s. transistors below saturation. Noise factor is measured as a function of frequency and source resistance RG; the spectrum analysis of the input noise voltage is dependent on drain voltage. Agreement between experimental and previous theoretical values (assuming only thermal noise) is discussed.
Relation between I/V characteristics and noise in metal-oxide-metal tunnel diodes
- Author(s): G. Lecoy and J. Camassel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 566 –567
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670445
- Type: Article
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Current and noise measurements for metal-oxide-metal tunnel structures are given as functions of bias voltage and temperature. Experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical evaluation of shot noise associated with each individual tunnel current.
Reduction of frequency-modulation noise from Gunn oscillators
- Author(s): W.P.N. Court ; P. Herman ; C. Hilsum ; H.R. Holliday ; F.L. Warner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 567 –569
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670446
- Type: Article
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By using a simple cavity which gives a high rate of change of reactance with frequency, it is shown that the f.m. noise from a Gunn oscillator can be reduced to a much lower level than that reported recently by Faulkner and Meade.
Stabilisation of a sampling oscilloscope for statistical measurements on wideband signals
- Author(s): C. Cottini ; E. Gatti ; V. Svelto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, p. 569 –571
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670447
- Type: Article
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A system for gain and drift stabilisation of a sampling oscilloscope is described, useful for accurate measurements of average shape and fluctuations of random waveforms.
Erratum: Characteristic admittance of an array of rectangular conductors
- Author(s): J.C. Walling
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 12, page: 571 –571
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670448
- Type: Article
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