Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 3, Issue 10, October 1967
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Volume 3, Issue 10
October 1967
Self-aligning arrays for communication in multipath conditions
- Author(s): H.O. Berktay
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, p. 441 –442
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670349
- Type: Article
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–442
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Highly directional aerial systems have been used to exclude signals arriving via spurious paths in communication systems, in order to reduce intersymbol distortion or frequencyselective fading. It is then necessary to use a tracking facility if one of the terminals is moving with respect to the other. In this letter, the problems associated with self-tracking aerials or acoustic transducers in multipath-propagation conditions are considered, and some proposals are made for the realisation of such arrays.
Sensitivity of 2nd-order Sallen-key-type active RC filters
- Author(s): W. Saraga
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, p. 442 –444
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670350
- Type: Article
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–444
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The sensitivity, to μ−1 (where μ is the open-loop amplifier gain), of the Q factor of a 2nd-order Sallen-Key circuit can be reduced from the conventional value 2Q2/μ to 3Q/μ by increasing the closed-loop gain from 1 to 4/3. However, this increases the sensitivity to passive-element variations. An optimum engineering solution is found by minimising, for given maximum component variations, the resulting variation of Q, rather than the sensitivities. This makes single-amplifier circuits usable for higher Q factors than previously, which is of particular interest for microelectronic realisations of such circuits.
Theorem on resistive networks
- Author(s): G.E. Sharpe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, p. 444 –445
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670351
- Type: Article
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–445
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A theorem on (m+1) terminal resistive networks is stated. As a consequence, an (m+1)terminal network may be considered an m dimensional, strongly Ptolemaic metric space. Furthermore, the restrictions on the n×n open-circuit-impedance matrix Z of a resistive n port based on m+1 terminals, are at the most quadratic in entries Zpq of Z.
Impulse response of a discrete time system
- Author(s): M.H. Mickle
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, page: 446 –446
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670352
- Type: Article
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The use of a Markov model is a valuable aid in the analysis of many systems. The purpose of this work is the establishment of a response for this type of system based on the use of an impulse function. The response of the system is obtained with the impulse as an excitation while utilising the Markov property of the system.
Sensitivity analysis of a digital-by-analogue multiplier and a weighted-resistor digital-to-analogue convertor
- Author(s): R.W. Donaldson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, p. 447 –448
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670353
- Type: Article
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–448
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Least upper bounds on the magnitude and variance of the analogue-voltage error in a digital-by-analogue multiplier and a weighted-resistor digital-to-analogue convertor are obtained. These bounds depend on the accuracy of the circuit components and on the number of bits multiplied or decoded. The results are applied to a practical design problem.
Electrical properties of a GaAs-W junction grown from the vapour phase
- Author(s): S.J.T. Owen and J.E. Knappett
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, p. 448 –449
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670354
- Type: Article
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–449
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The electrical properties of a gallium-arsenide-tungsten diode, in which the gallium arsenide is deposited from the vapour phase on to single-crystal substrates of tungsten, are described. Capacitance/voltage and current/voltage characteristics are given, and the voltage barrier of the junction is calculated.
Realisation of cutset matrices into graphs
- Author(s): K.P. Rajappan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, p. 449 –450
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670355
- Type: Article
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–450
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Realisation of cutset matrices into graphs is an important problem having applications in many fields of electrical engineering. Recently, many solutions have been offered to this problem. Nevertheless, these solutions are too complicated to be useful in practice. The present method offers an easier solution and can be carried out even by an unskilled person.
Experimental investigation of the hybrid TEM-dual surface wave
- Author(s): H.M. Barlow and Mira Sen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, p. 450 –451
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670356
- Type: Article
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–451
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The conditions for minimum attenuation of this wave supported in one case by a coaxial guide and in another by a parallel-wire transmission line have been investigated experimentally and shown to comply with the earlier theoretical predictions. The best results are obtained by loading one or other of the two supporting surfaces and not both simultaneously.
Harmonic distortion of a saturated transistor
- Author(s): A. Bilotti
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, p. 452 –453
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670357
- Type: Article
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–453
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Formulas for the Fourier expression of the voltage drop across a saturated transistor when driven by a sinusoidal current are developed. The transistor-junction asymmetry, as well as the effects of any bias current, are combined into a generalised symmetry factor which is used as a parameter in the evaluation of the harmonic distortion coefficients.
Topological formulas for 4-terminal nonreciprocal constraints
- Author(s): K. Brown
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, p. 453 –454
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670358
- Type: Article
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–454
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Directed-graph partitioning is used to obtain topological formulas, which contain no algebraic or topological redundancies, for the network determinants of nonreciprocal, 4-terminal constraints.
Oscillation quenching in a molecular-beam maser
- Author(s): D.C. Lainé
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, p. 454 –455
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670359
- Type: Article
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454
–455
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Some experimental results of quenching of the oscillation of a molecular-beam maser by injection of a strong signal at the molecular-resonance frequency are discussed in relation to recent quenching experiments with lasers.
Series operation of Gunn diodes for high r.f. power
- Author(s): J.E. Carroll
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, p. 455 –456
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670360
- Type: Article
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455
–456
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Several GaAs Gunn diodes have been made to operate at a single frequency simultaneously in series operation. This, as explained, is an unexpected result and enables the impedance level of these semiconductor devices to be raised and the power level to be increased. This can have important consequences for ultrahigh-power generation.
Measuring the intrinsic-base-region currents of a transistor
- Author(s): A.R. Boothroyd and R.H. Johnston
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, p. 456 –457
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670361
- Type: Article
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–457
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An experimental method of cancelling depletion-layer capacitance-current flow to permit exact observations of the current flow into the transistor ‘intrinsic base region’ is described.
Novel technique for determining the relative permittivity of solids at millimetre wavelengths
- Author(s): K.H. Breeden and R.G. Shackelford
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, p. 457 –458
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670362
- Type: Article
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–458
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A technique for determining the relative permittivity of solids from measurements made on a.lower-density sample prepared from the same material is demonstrated. Data presented for three different solids at 70GHz illustrate the potential of the technique implemented with conventional short-circuit or waveguide-bridge instrumentation.
Surface enhancement of CdSe by SiO2
- Author(s): E.J. Swystun
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, p. 458 –459
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670363
- Type: Article
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–459
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The effect of SiO2 on the surface of thin-film CdSe (both vacuum deposited) is reported. An enhancement of the semiconductor-film conductance was observed which was dependent on the SiO2-film thickness.
Acoustoelectric u.h.f. oscillator: frequency modulation
- Author(s): J.D. Maines and E.G.S. Paige
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, p. 459 –460
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670364
- Type: Article
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–460
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This letter describes some characteristics of an oscillator based upon the acoustoelectric interaction in piezoelectric semiconductors—the acoustoelectric oscillator. Particular reference is made to frequency modulation and to related-device applications.
Negative-impulse breakdown in compressed air
- Author(s): G.R. Govinda Raju and C.S. Lakshmi Narasimha
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, p. 460 –461
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670365
- Type: Article
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The negative-impulse breakdown voltage (b.d.v.) of a point-plane gap in compressed air shows, for sufficiently long gaps, the existence of a critical pressure, as in the case of positive polarity. The b.d.v. at any pressure also depends on the wavefront duration of the impulse voltage. When the wave-front is varied over a range of 1–210μs, a maximum b.d.v. is obtained for front times of 78μs and 7.5μs for a gap of 25.4 mm and 50.8 mm, respectively.
RC-active filters using unity-gain amplifiers
- Author(s): Y.F. Zai
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, p. 461 –462
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670366
- Type: Article
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461
–462
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A new active-filter configuration consisting of RC elements and a single unity-gain amplifier is suggested. The method may realise many useful 2nd-order transfer functions with a small number of RC elements.
Realisation of microwave-circuit functions using acoustic surface waves
- Author(s): E.A. Ash and D. Morgan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, p. 462 –464
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670367
- Type: Article
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462
–464
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In realising microwave-circuit functions using surface technology, the physical size of passive components using e.m. waves imposes a limitation. This letter investigates the application of acoustic waves to this case. The feasibility of constructing waveguides and directional couplers is demonstrated experimentally, and some theoretical considerations referring to waveguides are presented.
Realisation of an allpass transfer function as a constant-resistance π network with RLC and a negative resistance
- Author(s): H.K. Kim and J.M. Migel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, p. 464 –465
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670368
- Type: Article
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–465
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A constant-resistance π network containing conventional RLC and a negative resistance realises any allpass transfer function. This result will lead to the realisation of an arbitrary transfer function (having no poles on the jω axis) in a constant-resistance unbalanced structure. The proposed network can also be applied in the realisation of a maximally flat delay network.
Contribution to the synthesis of distributed RC networks
- Author(s): S. Kleinheins
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, p. 465 –467
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670369
- Type: Article
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465
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On using a special frequency transformation, a theorem on the synthesis of uniformly distributed RC networks is derived. A network section is introduced which extends the range of realisability of transfer zeros.
Four-frequency parametric amplifier
- Author(s): G. Gonzalez and N.L. Weinberg
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, p. 467 –468
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670370
- Type: Article
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In this letter, relationships between gain, bandwidth and network parameters are derived for the four-frequency parametric amplifier. The method utilised here is similar to the technique employed by Matthaei in the analysis of the threefrequency parametric amplifier and upconvertors.
Computational difficulty associated with the reduction of dynamical systems
- Author(s): J.H. Anderson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, page: 469 –469
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670371
- Type: Article
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The letter describes the reduction of a dynamical system with a number of independent inputs by a computational method in which computer storage requirements are considerably reduced.
Computer calculation of ionisation rates in silicon for a diffused junction
- Author(s): R. van Overstraeten and H. de Man
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, p. 469 –471
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670372
- Type: Article
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A new calculation method, for the ionisation rates αn, and αp from the ionisation integrals and from γ = αp/αn measurements on diffused junctions, gives new data which, especially for low electric fields, are different from the data of Lee, Logan et al. in value and in slope.
Erratum: Note on the computer inversion of Fourier transforms
- Author(s): O. Wing and M. Silverberg
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, page: 471 –471
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670373
- Type: Article
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Erratum: New class of antennas in conducting media
- Author(s): E. Corti ; G. Franceschetti ; G. Latmiral
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, page: 471 –471
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670374
- Type: Article
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Erratum: New asymptotic solution for the electromagnetic fields of a dipole over a stratified medium
- Author(s): J.R. Wait and G.A. Schlak
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 10, page: 471 –471
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670375
- Type: Article
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