Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 26, Issue 9, 26 April 1990
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Volume 26, Issue 9
26 April 1990
Switched-capacitor lowpass filters based on recursive running sum cells
- Author(s): G. Fischer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 557 –558
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900365
- Type: Article
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An efficient implementation of recursive running sum filters by switched-capacitor techniques is presented. To improve the frequency selectivity of these cells, a novel recursive sharpening procedure is proposed. The resulting building blocks are completely stray-insensitive and exhibit very low element sensitivities.
ATM access through a passive optical network
- Author(s): J.W. Ballance ; P.H. Rogers ; M.F. Halls
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 558 –560
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900366
- Type: Article
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A system is described that transports ATM cells through a passive optical local network. It distributes a 155.52 Mbit/s ATM stream to 64 customer ends, synchronising return cells to interleave at the exchange end. A variant of the Orwell protocol is used for bandwidth control.
Impedance of TEM cells with equipment under test
- Author(s): K.M. Huang and W. Lin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 560 –562
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900367
- Type: Article
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A quasi-TEM approach based on conformal transformation is used to determine the characteristic impedance of a TEM cell with symmetric equipment under test (EUT), for efficient operation of the TEM cell. Some numerical results are presented.
Effective mapping of continuous-time controllers to their discrete equivalents
- Author(s): M.C.F. de Oliveira and P.J. Fleming
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 562 –564
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900368
- Type: Article
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A multi-objective optimisation approach is proposed to facilitate the mapping of continuous-time controllers into the discrete domain. This technique enables the control engineer to meet a set of different objectives in a balanced way and exploits the availability of suitable software.
Suppression of InP substrate degradation by hydrogen plasma caused by the presence of phosphorus vapour
- Author(s): R. Schütz ; K. Matsushita ; H.L. Hartnagel ; J.Y. Longere ; S.K. Krawczyk
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 564 –566
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900369
- Type: Article
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It is demonstrated that the degradation of InP substrates in a hydrogen plasma can be prevented by the introduction of phosphorus vapour into the reaction chamber. The results obtained, using standard surface analysis techniques and photoluminescence depth profiling, indicate that the stoichiometry of the InP surface region can be preserved and the number of P-vacancies which diffuse into the bulk drastically reduced.
2.488 Gbit/s transmission experiment at 1550 nm over 153 km standard single-mode fibre
- Author(s): J.T.M. Kluitmans ; P.I. Kuindersma ; M. Meier ; J. Mink ; G. Röll ; D.J. Will
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 566 –567
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900370
- Type: Article
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The transmission experiments demonstrate that operation of 2.488 Gbit/s optical transmission systems over more than 150 km standard SMF is not dispersion limited using today's 1550 nm DFB-lasers. With an extinction ratio as low as 11 dB a dispersion and extinction ratio penalty of less than 0.7 dB was observed.
600 μm/min laser-induced nonthermal etching of GaAs in an HF solution
- Author(s): A.E. Willner ; D.V. Podlesnik ; R.M. Osgood
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 568 –569
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900371
- Type: Article
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600 μm/min room-temperature photochemical aqueous etching of n-type GaAs in an HF acid based solution is reported. This rapid etch rate is achieved under UV illumination and represents more than an order of magnitude enhancement over previously reported results for solutions containing no HF acid. The process is used to fabricate deep, large-area structures such as trench formations and through-wafer via holes which would otherwise be impractical with slower direct-write techniques.
Linewidth enhancement in distributed-feedback semiconductor lasers
- Author(s): M.-C. Amann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 569 –571
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900372
- Type: Article
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It is demonstrated that the linewidth enhancement in distributed-feedback (DFB) laser diodes can differ significantly from (1 + α2), where a is Henry's linewidth enhancement factor. The influence of the relevant laser parameters, the detuning of the gain peak wavelength, a π/2 phase shift and a reflecting end facet on the linewidth enhancement is discussed with respect to an improved DFB laser design.
Perturbation analysis of finlines containing anisotropic media
- Author(s): P.V. Ramakrishna and D. Chadha
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 571 –572
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900373
- Type: Article
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The simple perturbation method is applied to obtain the propagation characteristics of finlines loaded with anisotropic material. Starting from the analysis of a finline on isotropic dielectric substrate, we obtain the propagation constants of finlines having dielectric anisotropy in the substrate and finlines containing magnetised ferrite. The main feature of the perturbation method is its simplicity. Since the anisotropies encountered in practice are small deviations about some mean isotropic value, the results obtained show good agreement with those obtained using the rigorous methods reported in the literature.
Towards a coherent optical free-space communication system
- Author(s): K. Wallmeroth ; B. Wandernoth ; J. Franz ; H. Meier ; B. Schorp
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 572 –573
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900374
- Type: Article
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A coherent optical communication system based on a diode laser pumped Nd : YAG laser with 620 mW single frequency output power has been developed. Differential phase shift keying at a data rate of 565 Mbit/s has been applied. Biterror-rates of 10−9 have been measured at a received light power of −46 dBm.
High performance single mode OTDR using coherent detection and fibre amplifiers
- Author(s): Y. Koyamada and H. Nakamoto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 573 –575
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900375
- Type: Article
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A high performance single mode OTDR has been constructed at 1.55 μm using a DFB laser diode, laser diode pumped fibre amplifiers and a coherent detector, all suited to integration into a robust and portable instrument. A dynamic range of 33 dB has been attained with 1 μs launch pulses, 1 MHz receiver bandwidth and 104 integrations. This result represents an increase of about 13 dB in performance over the standard version of the OTDR using a laser diode as a light source. It is comparable to the best previously reported value attained using a high power glass laser and a cooled detector.
Motion compensated sequence coding using image pyramids
- Author(s): Q. Wang and R.J. Clarke
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 575 –576
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900376
- Type: Article
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Image coding using image pyramids is a technique originally developed for still pictures. We report an image sequence coding technique with motion compensation using image pyramids, which gives greater data compression than conventional motion estimation algorithms.
Integrated dielectric wavelength filters on InGaAs PIN photodetectors
- Author(s): M.D. Learmouth ; N.P. Hewett ; I. Reid ; M.J. Robertson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 576 –577
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900377
- Type: Article
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–577
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Patterned dielectric optical niters have been applied to substrate-entry photodiodes to produce a simple wavelength selective photodetector for wavelength division multiplexing.
High resolution laser LIDAR utilising two-section distributed feedback semiconductor laser as a coherent source
- Author(s): E.C. Burrows and K.-Y. Liou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 577 –579
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900378
- Type: Article
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An air-spaced coherent LIDAR (light detection and ranging) employing a two-section distributed feedback (DFB) injection laser is demonstrated. The relative distance of a mirror target was detected with 0.1 μm resolution. The absolute distance of a diffuse target was measured with 1 cm accuracy. These results indicate that semiconductor lasers developed for communication systems may be useful for sensing applications such as robotic vision, surface profiling and automated fabrication.
Tunable CW fibre Raman ring laser centred at 1.41 μm
- Author(s): E.J. Greer ; P.G.J. Wigley ; J.R. Taylor
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 579 –580
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900379
- Type: Article
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The first demonstration of a CW tunable fibre Raman ring laser operating around 1.4 μm is reported. This laser was pumped by a 3 W Nd : YAG laser operating at 1.319 μm and tuned over a 10 nm range with a maximum output power of 40 mW.
Dependence of propagation loss of magnetostatic forward volume waves on device parameters
- Author(s): M. Yamaguchi ; K. Hashimoto ; H. Kaneda
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 581 –582
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900380
- Type: Article
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p.
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It is shown that for magnctostatic forward volume waves (MSFVW) the propagation loss depends on device parameters such as thickness of magnetic film, MSFVW wavelength, a static magnetic field, etc. The result suggests that when the film thickness is about a quarter of the wavelength and the effective internal field is comparable to or larger than the saturation magnetisation of the film, the propagation loss per wavelength is minimised. Experimental results were in good agreement with this theoretical prediction.
Novel pipelined serial/parallel multiplier
- Author(s): D. Ait-Boudaoud ; M.K. Ibrahim ; B.R. Hayes-Gill
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 582 –583
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900381
- Type: Article
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A novel unidirectional pipelined serial/parallel multiplier (PSPM) is presented. This design has halves the initial delay and reduces the number of latches by 10% of the conventional structure. An area-time criteria is used to compare the new architecture with the old PSPM.
Reduction of internal current measurements within the failure bounds analogue diagnosis scheme
- Author(s): C. Garrett
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 583 –584
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900382
- Type: Article
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p.
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One method of automating diagnosis of failures in analogue circuits is called failure bounds. Unfortunately current measurements, internal to the UUT, are required to give resolution of failures to component level. Two methods of eliminating internal current measurement whilst maintaining good resolution are introduced.
2.55 μm, 400 Mbit/s transmission experiment with single-mode fluoride optical fibre
- Author(s): T. Komukai ; Y. Miyajima ; Y. Katsuyama
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 584 –586
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900383
- Type: Article
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A 400 Mbit/s transmission experiment has been performed using a 400 m single-mode fluoride optical fibre at 2.55 μm wavelength. The experimental system was comprised of a colour centre laser, an external waveguide modulator and an InGaAs/InAsP photodiode.
Frequency-hopping radio filter design using the DSP16 processor
- Author(s): T.G. Clarkson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 586 –587
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900384
- Type: Article
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A fast algorithm for implementing an FIR filter is proposed for a programmable DSP device. This design is part of a frequency-hopping radio system and uses a DSP 16 Digital Signal Processor to generate the final product term in less than 1 μs.
Error surface analysis of adaptive comb filter
- Author(s): J.F. Chicharo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 587 –589
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900385
- Type: Article
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A minimal parameter infinite-impulse-resonse (IIR) adaptive comb filter model is presented for use in eliminating or retrieving a harmonic series buried in a broadband signal. The adaptive comb filter estimates and tracks the fundamental frequency of the harmonic series. Error surface analysis is carried out to obtain the convergence characteristics of the proposed comb filter. Special pole and zero constraints are introduced which enhance the filter performance. Results show that although the error surface is multimodal its performance is excellent for a certain class of filtering applications.
Autocorrelation at 1.3–1.5 μm using POM crystal
- Author(s): L. Chusseau ; D. Bouchon ; L. Duvillaret ; J.M. Lourtioz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 589 –590
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900386
- Type: Article
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A nonlinear 3-methyl 4-nitropyridine 1-oxide (POM) crystal is used in a collinear type-I autocorrelator for the measurement of picosecond pulses generated by 1.3–1.55 μm semiconductor lasers. Experiments were performed at 1.3 μm. Measurements of laser pulses with peak powers as low as 300 μW are reported.
Double-heterostructure AlGaAs/GaAs lasers grown on the mesas of trenched Si substrate by molecular beam epitaxy
- Author(s): X. Liu ; H.P. Lee ; S. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 590 –592
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900387
- Type: Article
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The growth and device characteristics of stripe Al0.26Ga0.74As/GaAs double-heterostructure lasers grown on mesas of trenched Si by MBE is reported. The TE and TM modes lase at different injection levels depending on the laser stripe width. This behaviour is attributed to the variation of the residual thermal stress present in the laser structures as a function of stripe width. By comparing the polarisations of the laser radiations from a narrow and broad stripe laser, it is found that a narrow mesa is effective in reducing the residual thermal stress.
Medium access control protocol for the integration of voice/data on a local area network
- Author(s): A.D. Malyan and R.L. Brewster
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 592 –593
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900388
- Type: Article
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The analysis and performance of an integrated medium access protocol based on R-VT-CSMA for packet voice and data transmission on a broadcast-bus LAN is examined. This protocol, called adaptive R-VT-CSMA, uses variable length packets and the strong correlation between successive voice frames to increase the throughput.
Comment: Slotted ALOHA radio networks with PSK modulation in Rayleigh fading channels
- Author(s): J.-P.M.G. Linnartz ; H. Goossen ; R. Hekmat
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 593 –594
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900389
- Type: Article
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Reply: Slotted ALOHA radio networks with PSK modulation in Rayleigh fading channels
- Author(s): K. Pahlavan and K. Zhang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 594 –595
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900390
- Type: Article
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Balanced 3×3 port phase diversity receiver with reduced impact of thermal noise
- Author(s): R. Langenhorst ; E. Patzak ; W. Pieper
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 595 –596
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900391
- Type: Article
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The first 3×3 port balanced phase diversity receiver in which thermal noise has the same impact as in heterodyne receivers was realised although three preamplifiers are used. Experimental and theoretical results which prove the reduced impact of thermal noise compared with a conventional 3×3 port receiver are presented.
Rain rate measurements in Indonesia
- Author(s): M. Juy ; R. Maurel ; M. Rooryck ; I.A. Nugroho ; T. Hariman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 596 –598
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900392
- Type: Article
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Results of rain rate measurements obtained in three locations in Indonesia, a country with one of the highest rainfalls in the world are presented. The total precipitation for each month is used to check that the periods of measurements are typical. The cumulative distributions of rain rates are reported and first inferences given.
Simple method for calibration of stress-induced birefringence in fibres with arbitrary structures
- Author(s): H. Jin and Q. Jingren
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 598 –599
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900393
- Type: Article
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A simple method is presented for the calculation of stress-induced birefringence of optical fibres. The method is applicable to fibres with arbitrary cross-sectional structures. Numerical results for fibres with D-shaped hole and elliptic core are presented.
CW diode-pumped operation of 1.97 μm thulium-doped fluorozirconate fibre laser
- Author(s): J.N. Carter ; R.G. Smart ; D.C. Hanna ; A.C. Tropper
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 599 –601
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900394
- Type: Article
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Operation of a diode-pumped continuous-wave thulium-doped fibre laser on the 3H4 – 3H6 transition at ≃1.97 μm is reported. The absorbed pump power at threshold for a multimode fibre with 40 μm core diameter was measured to be ≃20 mW.
Delta doped tunnel diode: a new negative differential resistance device
- Author(s): J.M.A. Gilman and A.G. O'Neill
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 601 –602
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900395
- Type: Article
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A novel tunnel diode is proposed. Modulation doping is used to define a two dimensional electron or hole gas on either side of a p–n junction tunnelling barrier. The additional parameter of doping spike separation enables a wide range of I–V characteristics to be selected. This leads to a decoupling of the current peak and corresponding voltage. Improvements in current density and speed are predicted.
9.5 GHz bandwidth HBT gain controllable amplifier IC with an amplitude detection circuit
- Author(s): H. Yamakawa ; H. Ibe ; J. Akagi ; Y. Kuriyama ; K. Morizuka ; M. Obara
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 602 –604
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900396
- Type: Article
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A wideband and gain controllable amplifier IC which can detect its output signal amplitude has been fabricated using self-aligned AlGaAs/GaAs HBT technology. A 9.5 GHz bandwidth, 10 dB maximum gain, over 20 dB controllable gain width and successful amplitude detection were obtained.
Radio propagation over trapezoidal plateau with sloping front face
- Author(s): J. Gong ; T.S.M. MacLean ; Z. Wu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 604 –605
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900397
- Type: Article
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Attenuation of a radiowave propagating over a perfectly conducting rectangular plateau has been reported in closed form. This solution is extended to cover a perfectly conducting trapezoidal plateau with sloping front face, which includes as particular cases the rectangular plateau, the right-angled triangular hill and the knife edge.
7203-user WDM broadcast network employing one erbium-doped fibre power amplifier
- Author(s): A.M. Hill ; D.B. Payne ; K.J. Blyth ; D.S. Forrester ; J.W. Arkwright ; R Wyatt ; J.F. Massicott ; R.A. Lobbett ; P. Smith ; T.G. Hodgkinson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 605 –607
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900398
- Type: Article
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The broadcasting of 10 wavelength channels over 29.6 km of fibre in a passive splitting network to 7203 potential user terminals, using a single broadband Er-doped fibre power amplifier is reported. Wavelength selection was achieved by a tunable grating filter. A total broadcast network capacity of 2560 Tbit/s km user has been achieved with a single amplifier providing all the required power.
Calculation of phase shift sensitivity in polarimetric fibre sensors
- Author(s): D. Wong and P.L. Chu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 607 –609
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900399
- Type: Article
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A new method of calculation of stress distribution in polarisation-maintaining fibres with different Young's moduli and Poisson ratios in different regions is presented. This method is simple and does not require mesh formulation which is often tedious and inflexible as in the finite element method. We apply this method to calculate the phase shift sensitivity of polarimetric fibre sensors.
Measurement and theory of mode hopping in external cavity lasers
- Author(s): J. Mørk ; M. Semkow ; B. Tromborg
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 609 –610
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900400
- Type: Article
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Mode hopping phenomena in external cavity lasers are experimentally characterised. Transition rates varying over seven orders of magnitude with increasing feedback and a sensitive dependence on feedback phase are observed. The results are explained using a simple potential theory.
AC Josephson effect in superconducting niobium nitride tunnel junctions at up to 2.5 THz
- Author(s): M.C. Wicks ; P.R. Haycocks ; T. Hori
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 610 –612
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900401
- Type: Article
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Shapiro steps have been observed in the I–V characteristics of an NbN tunnel junction illuminated with radiation from an optically pumped far infrared laser. The maximum operating frequency which produced an observable Shapiro step was 2.53 THz. This is a four-fold increase over that previously reported for a thin film Josephson junction. Clear steps were also produced by various laser lines in the frequency range 0.6–1.8 THz.
Noise behaviour of InAlAs/GaInAs MSM photodetectors
- Author(s): H. Schumacher ; J.B.D. Soole ; H.P. Leblanc ; R. Bhat ; M.A. Koza
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 612 –614
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900402
- Type: Article
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Planar metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors are becoming increasingly popular for use in optoelectronic integrated circuits. A GalnAs absorption layer is used with a thin surface layer of a semiconductor and a higher Schottky barrier to limit the dark current for applications in the 1.3 – 1.6 μm fibre bands. Planar photodetectors are prone to lowfrequency noise because of traps at interfaces, and this may deteriorate the optical receiver performance. We have investigated the noise in low-leakage AlInAs/GaInAs detectors and find that the excess low frequency noise is limited to frequencies < 1 MHz under normal operating conditions.
Fabrication and optical characterisation of first order DFB GaInP/AlGaInP laser structures at 639 nm
- Author(s): M. Korn ; T. Körfer ; A. Forchel ; P. Roentgen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 9, p. 614 –615
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900403
- Type: Article
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The fabrication and optical analysis of first order DFB laser structures based on double heterostructure (DH) GaInP/AlGaInP layers are reported. The lasers show single mode operation in the visible range (639 nm).
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