Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 25, Issue 19, 14 September 1989
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Volume 25, Issue 19
14 September 1989
Burst error correction in high-speed digital mobile radio communications
- Author(s): E. Kudoh and S. Ogose
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1265 –1266
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890847
- Type: Article
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In high-speed digital mobile radio communication, transmission performance is severely degraded by frequency-selective fading caused by the delay time spread of multipath propagation. Forward error correction (FEC) is one of the most effective techniques to improve transmission quality. In the letter the effect of FEC on burst errors under frequency-selective fading is evaluated. The FEC effect with diversity reception and interleaving is also investigated.
Performance of decision feedback equaliser on measured indoor radio channels
- Author(s): S.J. Howard and K. Pahlavan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1266 –1268
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890848
- Type: Article
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The measured multipath profiles from five different factories are used for the performance analysis of a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modem, with and without a decision feedback equaliser (DFE). Both average bit error rate and outage probability are calculated as the performance criteria.
GaAs/AlGaAs power heterobipolar transistor fabricated on silicon substrate
- Author(s): D. Ueda ; W.S. Lee ; D. Costa ; J.S. Harris
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1268 –1269
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890849
- Type: Article
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A GaAs/AlGaAs power HBT was fabricated on a silicon substrate, where the thermal conductance is reduced by a factor of 2.8 compared with that on bulk GaAs. Owing to the newly developed monolithically grown ballast resistor over an emitter region, the experimentally fabricated device has shown the highest collector current of over 2.5 A for a device with an active device area of 0.14 mm2.
Selective discarding procedure for improved tolerance to missing voice packets
- Author(s): M.M. Lara-Barron and G.B. Lockhart
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1269 –1271
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890850
- Type: Article
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A selective packet discarding procedure for voice communication is presented in which packets are labelled at the transmitter and, if necessary, discarded by network nodes according to their significance to reconstructed speech quality. Simulation and subjective tests show improved tolerance to missing packets in comparison with unselective methods where packets are discarded at random.
Tunable MQW-DBR laser with monolithically integrated GaInAsP/InP directional coupler switch
- Author(s): F. Hernandez-Gil ; T.L. Koch ; U. Koren ; R.P. Gnall ; C.A. Burrus
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1271 –1272
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890851
- Type: Article
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We report the successful monolithic integration of a GaInasp/lnP single-mode ΔK directional coupler switch with a 4-section tunable multiple-quantum-well distributed Bragg reflector laser. We obtain several mW of output power through the switch, with ˜10dB crosstalk either from the internal laser source or with external light injected through the parallel input port.
Highly storage-efficient hybrid finite element/boundary element method for electromagnetic scattering
- Author(s): S.-Y. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1273 –1274
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890852
- Type: Article
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By properly choosing boundary surfaces and meshes of the hybrid finite element/boundary element method, one can reduce storage requirements of the boundary element matrices to the order of M for M boundary nodes.
Reducing moment method storage from order N2 to order N
- Author(s): F.X. Canning
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1274 –1275
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890853
- Type: Article
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Previously, integral equation-based calculations of electromagnetic scattering and radiation (e.g. moment method calculations) have required a full N × N matrix when there are N unknowns. However, in the letter novel basis and testing functions are presented, for which the resulting matrix is approximately sparse. That is, nearly all of its elements are nearly zero. This kind of technique is expected to reduce typical storage and execution time requirements by orders of magnitude.
Improving speech quality of CELP coder
- Author(s): J.I. Lee and C.K. Un
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1275 –1277
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890854
- Type: Article
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Although the speech quality of the code excited linear prediction (CELP) coder at 4800bit/s is relatively good, it is still perceived as rough or noisy. In the letter we propose a residual shaping method that produces, without signal distortion, quality comparable to that obtained by adaptive postfiltering. The proposed method is particularly effective in the multiple tandeming environment.
High-power 1.06μm GaInAsP DCPBH lasers
- Author(s): T. van Dongen ; G.L.A. van der Hofstad ; P. van der Laar ; M. Boermans ; C.J. van der Poel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1277 –1278
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890855
- Type: Article
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High-power 106 μm double channel planar buriedheterostructure (DCPBH) lasers have been fabricated by liquid-phase epitaxy. At 20°C, the threshold current is 80 mA and CW output powers of 20 mW can be obtained. Under pulsed operation, quantum efficiencies of 0.37 W/A per facet and maximum pulse output powers of 150mW are realised, while maintaining the lowest-order spatial mode and a symmetrical far-field distribution.
First field demonstration of optical submarine cable system using LD-pumped Er-doped optical fibre amplifier
- Author(s): N. Edagawa ; S. Yamamoto ; Y. Namihira ; K. Mochizuki ; H. Wakabayashi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1278 –1280
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890856
- Type: Article
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This is a report on the first field demonstration of an optical submarine cable system using an in-line Er-doped optical fibre amplifier pumped by a 1.47μm laser diode. The experiment was performed at an ocean depth of 3000 m. With a maximum optical repeater gain of 20 dB, l.2 Gbit/s intensity-modulated optical signals were transmitted stably during and after installation and also during recovery of the system. Furthermore, the effectiveness of an automatic-gain-control (AGC) scheme proposed for optical amplifiers was confirmed in a practical environment.
Optical heterodyne receiver providing random channel selection
- Author(s): B. Glance and O. Scaramucci
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1280 –1282
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890857
- Type: Article
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The letter describes a digitally tuned optical heterodyne receiver which can randomly access the channels of an FDM optical communication system. The receiver can identify missing channels, and is insensitive to variation of the LO laser frequency relative to the tuning current.
Diffraction-limited in-phase-mode operation from uniform array of antiguides with enhanced interelement loss
- Author(s): D. Botez ; P. Hayashida ; L.J. Mawst ; T.J. Roth ; G. Peterson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1282 –1283
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890858
- Type: Article
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Out-of-phase-mode oscillation is suppressed in a nearly resonant array of antiguides by introducing high transverse radiation losses (≈ 150 cm−1) in the interelement regions. Ten-element devices operate in the in-phase array mode, diffraction-limited up to 2.5 × threshold, and with lobe widths of 1.6 × diffraction limit at 4 × threshold (230 mW total power)
Channel switching between receivers of FDM coherent optical star network
- Author(s): B. Glance and O. Scaramucci
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1283 –1285
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890859
- Type: Article
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We present channel switching results obtained between receivers of an FDM optical coherent fibre star network. The system consists of six optical channels FSK-modulated at 200 Mbit/s and spaced by 2.2GHz. The channels are multiplexed by a 16 × 16 optical star coupler. Two of the multichannel signals exiting this device are demultiplexed by their respective random access digitally tuned heterodyne receivers. Simultaneous switching between pairs of channels is obtained by command of a personal computer controlling both receivers
Mixing and detection of RF signals in fibre-optic magnetostrictive sensor
- Author(s): F. Bucholtz ; D.M. Dagenais ; K.P. Koo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1285 –1286
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890860
- Type: Article
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We report the first demonstration of the detection of magnetic fields at frequencies above 50 kHz in a fibre-optic magnetometer using a technique which employs mixing of the signal with the field from a local oscillator. A flat response from 0.1 Hz to near 1.0 MHz is shown.
Balanced phase diversity receiver in 565 Mbit/s DPSK transmission system
- Author(s): R. Langenhorst ; W. Pieper ; H.G. Weber ; H. Knupke ; M. Flüge ; G. Wenke
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1286 –1288
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890861
- Type: Article
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565 Mbit/s DPSK optical transmission experiments with a balanced phase diversity receiver are reported. By employing a bulk optical 90° hybrid in the input stage and a silicon bipolar multiplier IC in the demodulator and AFC stages, a system with a receiver sensitivity of − 48.5 dBm and longterm stability was realised.
Design of Hilbert transformers by multiple use of same subfilter
- Author(s): Y.-L. Tai and T.-P. Lin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1288 –1290
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890862
- Type: Article
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A method is proposed for the design of linear-phase FIR Hilbert transformers as a tapped cascaded interconnection of identical FIR subfilters. With the proposed method, the design of FIR Hilbert transformers can be determined by the prototype filter and subfilter through transformation; thus it has potential for VLSI realisation. It shows that the number of distinct multipliers required by the proposed method is much less than that designed by direct-form minimax methods.
Ten-thousand-hours CW operation of 780 nm high-power AlGaAs laser with thin-tapered thickness active layer
- Author(s): A. Shima ; H. Saito ; H. Matsubara ; H. Kumabe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1290 –1291
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890863
- Type: Article
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It is investigated that the T3 (thin-tapered thickness active layer) structure is effective in reducing the carrier density in the active layer as well as the optical density near the mirror. 780 nm AlGaAs lasers with this structure have been operating under 50°C, 30 mW CW (continuous wave) conditions over 104 h with little degradation. The minimal degradation rate is about 0.45%/103 h.
Externally modulated mode-locked laser diodes for microwave transmission links
- Author(s): A.L. Kellner ; B.C. Lam ; G.S. Yan ; P.K.L. Yu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1291 –1293
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890864
- Type: Article
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An externally modulated mode-locked laser diode is proposed to transmit high centre frequency, fractional bandwidth microwave signals over optical fibres. We demonstrate the feasibility of this scheme using an external Bragg cell to modulate (at 68.7 MHz) an actively mode-locked laser diode (mode-locked at 2.05GHz).
Effects of postdetection selection diversity reception in QDPSK land mobile radio
- Author(s): K. Ohno and F. Adachi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1293 –1294
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890865
- Type: Article
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Postdetection selection diversity reception for Nyquist pulse shaped quadrature differential PSK (QDPSK) signal transmissions is addressed. Average bit error rate (BER) performance with differential and coherent demodulation is analysed for multiple-branch diversity reception under slow multipath Rayleigh fading. Diversity effects in real fading environments are verified by 8 and 16 kbit/s transmissions at 1.45 GHz carrier frequency.
Performance analysis of virtual time ICMA/CD
- Author(s): D. Lee ; E. Choi ; M. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1294 –1296
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890866
- Type: Article
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The performance of a virtual time idle-signal casting multiple access with collision detection (ICMA/CD) protocol is analysed under the infinite population model. Compared to the existing nonpersistent and 1-persistent schemes, the virtual time protocol exhibits high throughput and lower packet failure probability.
Multilayer perceptron trained using radial basis functions
- Author(s): A.C. Tsoi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1296 –1297
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890867
- Type: Article
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In the letter an algebraic equation for the training of a multilayer perceptron using radial basis functions is derived. Examples using this technique for the training of a network for the exclusive-OR and related problems are presented. Suggestions on the choice of the number of centres are given
Multiplexed Mach-Zehnder ladder array with ten sensor elements
- Author(s): A.D. Kersey and A. Dandridge
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1298 –1299
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890868
- Type: Article
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We report the first experimental demonstration of a tenelement interferometric fibre sensor array. The system topology is based on a ladder network of Mach-Zehnder sensor elements which are time-division multiplexed. Phase shift detection sensitivities ranging from 12 to 18μrad/√Hz at a frequency of 1 kHz are reported for the array.
Sea trial of submarine optical amplifier repeater system using travelling-wave semiconductor laser amplifier
- Author(s): S. Yamamoto ; H. Taga ; Y. Namihira ; K. Mochizuki ; H. Wakabayashi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1299 –1301
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890869
- Type: Article
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An optical amplifier repeater system consisting of semiconductor laser amplifiers was evaluated in 3000 m deep sea at 820Mbit/s in the 1.5μm wavelength region using 23.5 km of optical submarine cable. The repeater output power was stabilised by the APC system monitoring amplified optical signal power. We confirmed stable digital signal transmission and the reduction of variation in the repeater output power for changes in the polarisation of the input signal.
Schottky-biased, optically controlled coplanar waveguide phase-shifter
- Author(s): P. Cheung ; D.P. Neikirk ; T. Itoh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1301 –1302
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890870
- Type: Article
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Phase shift measurements of a Schottky-biased, optically controlled coplanar waveguide (CPW) phase-shifter are presented. A prototype device consisting of a CPW atop a lightly doped GaAs epilayer on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate was fabricated and tested. The highest phase shift obtained with an illuminating optical intensity of 4mW/cm2 was 120° at 40GHz for a 1 cm-long device.
Carbon-doped base AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs grown by MOCVD using TMAs
- Author(s): H. Ito ; T. Kobayashi ; T. Ishibashi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1302 –1303
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890871
- Type: Article
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AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs with carbon-doped bases are grown by conventional low-pressure MOCVD using trimethylarsine as the carbon source for the first time. The obtained current gain values of 100 for 5×1018cm−3 base doping and 40 for 1×1019cm−3 base doping reveal the feasibility of trimethylarsine as a p-type dopant source for MOCVD growth
Slew rate enhancement technique for CMOS output buffers
- Author(s): K. Nagaraj
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1304 –1305
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890872
- Type: Article
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A novel technique for enhancing the slew rate in CMOS amplifiers is described. The slew enhancement is provided by an auxiliary circuit which is activated only during transients. The core amplifier is not stressed with the large transient currents, thus minimising transient power dissipation and also avoiding signal swing problems. A slew rate of 1 V/μs with a 10000pF load capacitance has been achieved, while requiring a quiescent power dissipation of less than 1.5 mW.
7 GHz bandwidth optical front-end circuit using GaAs FET monolithic IC technology
- Author(s): Y. Miyagawa ; Y. Miyamoto ; K. Hagimoto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1305 –1307
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890873
- Type: Article
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A GaAs FET monolithic integrated transimpedance preamplifier for 10 Gbit/s optical fibre transmission is realised using a newly developed capacitor peaking technique. A 3 dB bandwidth of 8.6 GHz and 19 dB gain is achieved in S-parameter measurements. A 3 dB bandwidth of 7 GHz and −12.0 dBm sensitivity at 10 Gbit/s are achieved in an optical front-end circuit with a GaInAs pin photodiode
Dynamic modelling of distributed-feedback lasers using scattering matrices
- Author(s): A.J. Lowery
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1307 –1308
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890874
- Type: Article
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A new technique for modelling DFB semiconductor lasers above threshold using scattering matrices is described. Quarter-wave-shifted grating devices are compared with unshifted devices under transient conditions
Multichannel Ku-band oscillator with dielectric resonators
- Author(s): D. Paunović and A. NešIć
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1308 –1309
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890875
- Type: Article
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The theory, design and realisation of a multichannel Ku-band oscillator with eight dielectric resonators (DRs) are described. Selection of a single DR is achieved by pin diodes. The oscillator stability, phase noise and signal level are comparable with available high-quality DROs. Stability is better than 3ppm/°C, phase noise is 85–90 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz, and the signal level is 16–18 dBm. The device is compact, simple and cheap.
Modified Viterbi equaliser for mobile radio channels having large multipath delays
- Author(s): J.C.S. Cheung and R. Steele
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1309 –1311
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890876
- Type: Article
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A modified Viterbi equaliser (VE) is proposed for multipath mobile radio channels having long time delay spreads. The complexity of the equaliser is decreased compared to conventional VEs without excessive degradation in the BER performance.
Theory of two-dimensional ‘fingerprint’ resonators
- Author(s): Zheng Xue-Heng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1311 –1312
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890877
- Type: Article
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A series of concentric circular curves etched on the surface of optical chips forms a resonator. A high quality value can be achieved in a small size.
Probability of error performance of binary suppressed sideband angle modulation
- Author(s): P.B.T. Nyirenda and I. Korn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1312 –1314
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890878
- Type: Article
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A study of error probability of binary suppressed sideband (SSB) angle modulation in an additive white Gaussian noise channel with a phase detector receiver shows that SSB schemes can perform better than double sideband schemes at small system bandwidths.
Microwave dielectric resonator tuning with balanced loop-varactor circuit
- Author(s): A. El-Moussaoui ; S. Kazeminejad ; D.P. Howson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1314 –1315
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890879
- Type: Article
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The letter reports a novel electronic tuning method for a shielded dielectric resonator (DR) operating in its dominant mode. The use of a balanced loop structure permits a wider tuning range while maintaining high unloaded Qo. A tuning range of 3MHz at the centre frequency of 950MHz with unloaded Q in excess of 9000 have been obtained. A simple analytical expression is also derived for determining the tuning range of such a structure.
Tin-doped n+ InP and GaInAs grown by atmospheric-pressure MOCVD
- Author(s): C.J. Pinzone ; N.D. Gerrard ; R.D. Dupuis ; N.T. Ha ; H.S. Luftman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1315 –1317
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890880
- Type: Article
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Heavily doped n+ InP and GaInAs epitaxial layers have been grown by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) at atmospheric pressure using tetraethyltin (TESn) as a dopant source. Sn-doped InP and GaInAs layers have been grown with doping levels as high as n300K -⋍ 3·3 × 1019cm−3 and n300K ⋍6·1 × 1019cm−3 respectively. Analysis of the Sn concentration in InP:Sn and GaInAs:Sn layers using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) shows that all of the Sn is ionised in InP and GaInAs. Hall measurements of Nd − Na at 300 and 77 K. indicate that the Sn is uncompensated up to these levels. SIMS analysis also shows that the use of TESn for the growth of n+ InP and GaInAs layers results in no severe memory effects and that abrupt Sn doping profiles can be achieved.
9 GHz bandwidth, 8–20 dB controllable-gain monolithic amplifier using AlGaAs/GaAs HBT technology
- Author(s): N. Ishihara ; O. Nakajima ; H. Ichino ; Y. Yamauchi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1317 –1318
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890881
- Type: Article
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A wideband and controllable-gain amplifier utilising a new parallel feedback technique, which can enhance the bandwidth and can control the gain keeping output DC voltages constant, has been developed using AlGaAs/GaAs HBT technology in monolithic form. This IC achieves a wide bandwidth of DC-9 GHz, and a controllable gain range of 8–20 dB with a total power dissipation of 640 mW at a power supply voltage of 9 V.
Throughput efficiency of LAPB/D protocol with multireject error recovery procedure
- Author(s): W.Y. Jung and C.K. Un
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1318 –1320
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890882
- Type: Article
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We analyse the throughput efficiency of the LAPB/D protocol with multircject error recovery procedure for the channel characterised by the Markovian error property, and compare the results with those of the standard LAPB/D protocol.
Electric tuning of semiconductor laser using acousto-optic device
- Author(s): T. Hidaka and T. Nakamoto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1320 –1321
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890883
- Type: Article
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An electrically tunable semiconductor laser system is given using an acousto-optic (AO) device and a commercially available semiconductor laser. Rapid scanning of laser oscillation frequency is obtained using frequency modulation of the driving RF power for the AO device. Also, simultaneous two-frequency oscillation is realised using two RF power sources.
Choice of excitation in electromagnetic missiles
- Author(s): Ruan Chengli and Wan Changhua
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 19, p. 1321 –1323
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890884
- Type: Article
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This letter presents a clear description of the excitation in EM missiles with calculated curves of EM energy decay. It is shown that the optimal waveform of the excitation is the rectangular pulse. Important results are obtained.
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54 Gbit/s OOK transmission using single-mode VCSEL up to 2.2 km MMF
- Author(s): G. Stepniak ; A. Lewandowski ; J.R. Kropp ; N.N. Ledentsov ; V.A. Shchukin ; N. Ledentsov Jr. ; G. Schaefer ; M. Agustin ; J.P. Turkiewicz
- Type: Article