Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 22, Issue 2, 16 January 1986
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Volume 22, Issue 2
16 January 1986
Electro-optic sampling of fast electrical signals using an InGaAsP injection laser
- Author(s): A.J. Taylor ; J.M. Wiesenfeld ; G. Eisenstein ; R.S. Tucker ; J.R. Talman ; U. Koren
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 61 –62
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860041
- Type: Article
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–62
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We demonstrate a new electro-optic sampling system for the measurements of fast electrical waveforms at gigahertz repetition rates. The system uses a mode-locked InGaAsP injection laser as a source of sampling pulses and employs the electro-optic effect in the GaAs substrate of a microstrip line.
High-isolation single-mode wavelength-division multiplexer/demultiplexer
- Author(s): G. Georgiou and A.C. Boucouvalas
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 62 –63
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860042
- Type: Article
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62
–63
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A single-mode fibre-optic wavelength-division multiplexer/demultiplexer with excellent isolation is reported. The device utilises a fused biconical structure similar to that of 3 dB couplers and exhibits an insertion loss of 0.04 dB and a wavelength isolation of 43 dB at 1.300 μm and 30 dB at 1.523 μm.
New method for complex permittivity measurement of dielectric materials
- Author(s): J.M. Durand and P.Y. Guillon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 63 –65
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860043
- Type: Article
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A novel technique for the measurement of dielectric properties of a homogeneous isotropic material is described. An accuracy better than 1% can be obtained on the permittivity and loss tangent values. The structure used is a cylindrical metallic cavity, carrying at its centre the circular cylindrical dielectric sample. The complex permittivity is deduced from the comparison between the experimental and the computed electromagnetic characteristics (frequencies, quality factors) of the resonant TE01δ mode of the dielectric resonator.
High-intensity fibre-coupled diode laser array
- Author(s): C. Chang-Hasnain ; D.P. Worland ; D.R. Scifres
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 65 –66
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860044
- Type: Article
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65
–66
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An optical fibre that can couple more than 80% of the power from a 100 μm-wide 10-stripe diode laser array to a 50 μm core diameter and 0.3 NA optical fibre is demonstrated. Output powers of 850 mWCW and 2.8 W pulsed (200 ns pulse width at 10 kHz repetition rate) are achieved from the output end of the fibre.
Asymptotic formula for elliptic function modulus
- Author(s): H. Hsu ; S.-S. Bor ; Y. Xu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 67 –68
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860045
- Type: Article
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–68
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Elliptic functions have applications in microwaves and nonlinear optics. Numerical calculations of elliptic functions require the knowledge of both the modulus k and quarter period K. In the letter the procedure to calculate accurately the value of K from k is discussed. An asymptotic formula for calculating k from K is also presented.
Above 10 GHz frequency dividers with GaAs advanced saint and air-bridge technology
- Author(s): T. Enoki ; K. Yamasaki ; K. Osafune ; K. Ohwada
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 68 –69
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860046
- Type: Article
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68
–69
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GaAs advanced SAINT without excess gate metal overlap on the dielectric film and air-bridge technology are applied to dual-clocked BFL M/S binary frequency dividers. Operation above 10 GHz is achieved owing to reduction of gate parasitic capacitances and parasitic capacitances between interlayer lines.
Switch reduction in small telephone systems
- Author(s): R.A. Newbury and P.S. Raby
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 69 –70
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860047
- Type: Article
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69
–70
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An arrangement for eight lines is proposed which uses 24 switches compared to the previous minimum of 28. Possible blocking is avoided by rearrangement.
Model of HF interference for application to data transmission
- Author(s): T.J. Moulsley and K.P. McCarthy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 70 –71
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860048
- Type: Article
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–71
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Cochannel interference is not usually a Gaussian process, but it would be both theoretically and practically convenient if it could be considered to have the same effect as Gaussian noise on data transmissions. The letter describes measurements and simulations which show that this is indeed a useful approximation in evaluating the effects of HF interference on phase shift keying.
Silica-coated dual-tube zirconia induction furnace for high-strength optical-fibre production
- Author(s): U.C. Paek and C.M. Schroeder
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 72 –73
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860049
- Type: Article
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–73
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The dual-wall zirconia induction furnace consists of an inner susceptor tube and an outer insulation tube. The centre piece of the inner tube is coated with a thin silica film. The performance of the newly designed furnace was evaluated in terms of the strength of drawn fibres. The proof test of 47 km length of fibre demonstrated superb strength results, yielding the average survival length at 1·4 GN/m2 (200 klb in−2) to be ∼8 km.
Two-dimensional electron gas at interface of a selectively doped InGaP/GaAs heterostructure
- Author(s): H.M. Cox ; J.R. Hayes ; R.N. Nottenburg ; S.G. Hummel ; S.J. Allen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 73 –74
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860050
- Type: Article
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–74
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We report the first observation of a two-dimensional electron gas at the interface of an InGaP/GaAs heterojunction. The closely lattice-matched (δa/a≃5×10−4) epitaxial layers of InGaP were grown by vapour levitation epitaxy using a chloride transport technique with a resulting interface sheet carrier concentration of 7×1011 cm−2.
New nonlinear phase transduction method for DC measurand interferometric fibre sensors
- Author(s): A. Kersey ; F. Bucholtz ; A. Dandridge
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 75 –76
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860051
- Type: Article
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–76
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A new approach to the measurement of displacement using optical fibre interferometry is described. The technique is based on a geometrical arrangement in which linear displacement is transposed nonlinearly into axial fibre strain. The technique can be used in the development of true DC sensors for the displacement, acceleration, pressure and other variables. A displacement sensitivity of ˜4 Å is demonstrated.
Compensation of SAW filters by experimental perturbation of IDTS
- Author(s): R.W. Cohn and R.S. Wagers
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 76 –78
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860052
- Type: Article
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–78
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A SAW bandpass filter on (YZ) LiNbO3 with two apodised transducers and a multistrip coupler is compensated in its rejection response from an initial 52 dB level to a 64 dB level. The compensation is accomplished through a technique that determines filter sensitivity through measurements of change in filter electrical response to perturbations in electrode length.
Endlessly rotatable fractional-wave devices for single-mode-fibre optics
- Author(s): T. Matsumoto and H. Kano
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 78 –79
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860053
- Type: Article
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p.
78
–79
(2)
Endlessly rotatable fractional-wave devices for polarisation control in single-mode fibres are described which utilise stress birefringence induced by fibre bending, and are free from fibre twist by rotating the fibre around its own axis. Experiments confirm that these devices rotate endlessly and have small hysteresis.
High-efficiency broad-area single-quantum-well lasers with narrow single-lobed far-field patterns prepared by molecular beam epitaxy
- Author(s): A. Larsson ; M. Mittelstein ; Y. Arakawa ; A. Yariv
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 79 –81
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860054
- Type: Article
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p.
79
–81
(3)
Broad-area single-quantum-well graded-index waveguide separate-confinement heterostructure lasers were fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy. A high external quantum efficiency of 79% and stable, single-lobed far-field patterns with a beam divergence as narrow as 0.8° (1.9 times diffraction limit) for a 100 μm-wide laser were obtained under pulsed conditions.
Submarine optical cables: a phenomenon of resonance in suspended lengths
- Author(s): T. Oswald
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 81 –82
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860055
- Type: Article
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p.
81
–82
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The advent of submarine optical cables has highlighted a problem which did not seriously affect coaxial systems. The letter discusses a resonance problem which affects safe cable design for deep-water use.
New gradient decision feedback equaliser algorithm
- Author(s): A.D. Fagan and N.M. O'Higgins
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 83 –84
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860056
- Type: Article
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p.
83
–84
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An efficient algorithm for a least-squares gradient lattice decision feedback equaliser is described. Simulation results for telephone channel and HF radio channel models are presented. Performance is compared with other decision feedback algorithms.
Q-switched operation of a neodymium-doped monomode fibre laser
- Author(s): I.P. Alcock ; A.C. Tropper ; A.I. Ferguson ; D.C. Hanna
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 84 –85
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860057
- Type: Article
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p.
84
–85
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Q-switched operation of a neodymium-doped monomode fibre laser at 1.08 μm has been demonstrated. An intracavity acousto-optic modulator was used to switch pulses of 200 ns duration and 8.8 W peak power at a repetition rate of 100 Hz.
Improved systolic array for linear discriminant function classifier
- Author(s): Chin-Liang Wang ; Che-Ho Wei ; Sin-Horng Chen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 85 –86
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860058
- Type: Article
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p.
85
–86
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A word-level systolic array with 100% efficiency is described for the linear discriminant function classifier. When compared with two previous word-level linear classifier arrays, it not only saves about C inner product step cells, where C is the number of weighted vectors used, but also simplifies the chip's I/O design.
Low-current 1.3 μm edge-emitting LED for single-mode-fibre subscriber loop applications
- Author(s): D.M. Fye ; R. Olshansky ; J. Lacourse ; W. Powazinik ; R.B. Lauer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 87 –88
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860059
- Type: Article
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p.
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–88
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Index-guided InGaAsP edge-emitting LEDs couple 7 μW into single-mode fibre at a drive current of only 20 mA. These devices can be modulated at data rates in excess of 432 Mbit/s, and their operating characteristics are ideal for single-mode-fibre subscriber loop applications.
Simple narrow-linewidth 1.5 μm InGaAsP DFB external-cavity laser
- Author(s): A.R. Chraplyvy ; K.Y. Liou ; R.W. Tkach ; G. Eisenstein ; Y.K. Jhee ; T.L. Koch ; P.J. Anthony ; U.K. Chakrabarti
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 88 –90
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860060
- Type: Article
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p.
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–90
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An external-cavity laser consisting of a 1.5 μm-wavelength antireflection-coated DFB laser chip, a microscope objective and a mirror provides a stable, single-frequency, narrow-linewidth (Δf=40 kHz) output. Because the laser operates in the strong feedback regime, it is immune to external optical perturbations. Single-longitudinal-mode operation is maintained by the DFB grating, and the linewidth is reduced by the extended passive cavity.
Piecewise linear resistive networks with unique solutions
- Author(s): V.C. Prasad and V. Prem Prakash
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 90 –91
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860061
- Type: Article
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p.
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–91
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New conditions for the existence of unique solutions of piecewise linear resistive networks are presented. They require that certain submatrices of unbounded regions are all positive definite or all negative definite. The applicability of these conditions can be enhanced by using a suitable transformation.
Comment: Intrinsic lineshape and FM response of modulated semiconductor lasers
- Author(s): H. Tsuchida
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, page: 91 –91
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860062
- Type: Article
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Reply: Intrinsic lineshape and FM response of modulated semiconductor lasers
- Author(s): E. Eichen ; P. Melman ; W.H. Nelson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, page: 91 –91
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860063
- Type: Article
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p.
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Modification of the zhang and haykin radar clutter suppression schemes
- Author(s): H. Watanabe ; S. Nishimoto ; R. Azuma ; A. Noguchi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 92 –93
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860064
- Type: Article
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p.
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–93
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A modification of the Zhang and Haykin (Z-H) schemes is presented. The modified schemes are based on the assumption that the clutter data of the same range ring of successive scans are highly correlated. Experimental results using real ground clutter have proved that the modified schemes are superior to the Z-H ones.
Reliable digital switching networks
- Author(s): A. Jajszczyk and W. Kabacinski
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 93 –94
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860065
- Type: Article
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p.
93
–94
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A method for the design of economic and reliable PCM switching networks composed of uniform time-space elements is proposed. The described networks can be used in switching systems containing concentrators connected by an even number of PCM links to a main switching network.
Improved techniques for the measurement of radiated emissions inside a screened room
- Author(s): A.C. Marvin and L. Steele
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 94 –96
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860066
- Type: Article
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–96
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It is shown that the use of simple equivalent-circuit models enables the characteristics of radiated emission measurements of electrically small sources performed in a screened room to be predicted. The models indicate a method of reducing the frequency dependence of the measurements and identifying the dominant dipole type (electric or magnetic).
Spectral-domain calculation of characteristic impedance of shielded microstrip line
- Author(s): V. Stoiljković
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 96 –97
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860067
- Type: Article
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p.
96
–97
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A rigorous hybrid-mode solution for the characteristic impedance of a shielded microstrip line is presented. The problem is solved by applying Galerkin's method in the Fourier transform domain. Numerical results are presented and compared with previously published data.
SC modified lossless discrete differentiators and resulting SC highpass ladder filters
- Author(s): Y. Horio and S. Mori
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 97 –99
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860068
- Type: Article
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p.
97
–99
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New design techniques of SC modified discrete differentiators are proposed. The flowgraph synthesis of SC highpass ladder filters can be performed straightforwardly with them.
Radial gradient refractive-index glass rods prepared by a sol–gel method
- Author(s): K. Shingyouchi ; S. Konishi ; K. Susa ; I. Matsuyama
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 99 –100
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860069
- Type: Article
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p.
99
–100
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An ivestigation has been undertaken for preparation of radial gradient refractive-index (r-GRIN) glass rods by a sol-gel method from metal alkoxides. Water leaching of jelly-like gels (wet gels) prepared from silicon and germanium alkoxides gives rise to a germanium concentration gradient in the gels, which are then densificated by heating to yield r-GRIN glass rods.
Method of overcoming finite-range limitation of certain state of polarisation control devices in automatic polarisation control schemes
- Author(s): L.J. Rysdale
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 100 –102
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860070
- Type: Article
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100
–102
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A scheme is proposed for overcoming the finite-range limitation of certain state of polarisation (SOP) control devices. It is shown how, by the introduction of two additional SOP control devices, an automatic SOP control system having a limited range of operation can be adapted to provide unlimited polarisation control.
Scheme for achieving continuously variable delay in digital test equipment
- Author(s): P. Axon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 102 –103
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860071
- Type: Article
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p.
102
–103
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A design for test equipment which introduces a controlled variable delay into digitally encoded transmission links without loss of data is described.
Fibre-optic scanning differential interference contrast optical microscope
- Author(s): M. Vaez Iravani
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 103 –105
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860072
- Type: Article
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p.
103
–105
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A fibre-based scanning differential phase contrast optical microscope is described. The system does not need an optical bench, and requires a simple detection scheme. It displays a depth resolution of 1 Å in a 10 kHz bandwidth. Results of surface studies of a silicon wafer and polished stainless steel are presented.
Tapered-beam expander for single-mode optical-fibre gap devices
- Author(s): K.P. Jedrzejewski ; F. Martinez ; J.D. Minelly ; C.D. Hussey ; F.P. Payne
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 105 –106
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860073
- Type: Article
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–106
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A simple practical and controllable beam expander can be constructed from a single-mode optical fibre which has been overjacketed in a capillary of lower refractive index and then tapered. The properties of such an expanded beam in a gap device are also investigated.
Drawing condition dependence of radiation-induced loss in optical fibres
- Author(s): H. Hanafusa ; Y. Hibino ; F. Yamamoto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 106 –108
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860074
- Type: Article
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p.
106
–108
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The radiation-induced loss in optical fibres drawn at speeds of 120 to 860 m/min and at furnace temperatures of 2000 to 2255°C is examined. It is found that the loss decreases with increasing drawing speed and with decreasing furnace temperature, and is caused by drawing-induced defects.
Observation of chirp in a 1.5 μm DFB-LD using a streak camera
- Author(s): M. Kuwazuru ; S. Yamamoto ; K. Mochizuki ; M. Fujise
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 108 –109
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860075
- Type: Article
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–109
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The transient wavelength shift of a 1.5 μm distributed-feedback laser diode (DFB-LD) modulated by a rectangular pulse is directly observed using a streak camera. As a result, chirp width increase with decreasing DC bias current is observed. When the DC bias current is set to less than the threshold current, the wavelength shifts briefly from the shorter wavelength to the equilibrium value during the optical pulse turn-on.
Comment: New approach for determining non-Gaussian mode fields of single-mode fibres from measurements in far field
- Author(s): M. Fox
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 109 –110
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860076
- Type: Article
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Reply: New approach for determining non-Gaussian mode fields of single-mode fibres from measurements in far field
- Author(s): C. Saravanos and R.S. Lowe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, page: 110 –110
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860077
- Type: Article
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110
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Low insertion-and high return-loss optical connectors with spherically convex-polished end
- Author(s): N. Suzuki ; M. Saruwatari ; M. Okuyama
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, page: 110 –110
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860078
- Type: Article
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PC connectors with spherically convex-polished ends, whose fibre ends make close contact, have recently been developed. This connector features extremely low insertion-and high return-loss characteristics, and is also easily produced with good environmental performance. For a single-mode PC connector, the average insertion loss is measured to be as small as 0.17 dB with a return loss of 28 dB. Detailed evaluation of this connector is now under way for use in a trial optical transmission system.
Scattering coefficients of antireflection layers for semiconductor amplifiers
- Author(s): C. Vassallo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 112 –113
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860079
- Type: Article
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–113
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It is theoretically shown that perfect AR coating deposited on normal semiconductor lasers (active layer thickness ˜0.2 μm, λ ˜ 1.5 μm) can have an equivalent transmission loss ˜0.5 dB and a residual power reflectivity ˜1% for input beams coming from air.
Aperture distribution phase from single radiation pattern measurement via Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm
- Author(s): P.H. Gardenier ; C.A. Lim ; D.G.H. Tan ; R.H.T. Bates
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 113 –115
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860080
- Type: Article
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–115
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Computer simulations indicate that antenna aperture phase distributions can be obtained, by invoking the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm appropriately modified, from a single far-field radiation pattern, only the magnitude of which is measured. The pattern must be sampled at significantly more than the Nyquist rate, and a sequence of initial phase estimates must be tried.
Effects of dopants on disordering of AlGaAs-GaAs superlattice by zinc diffusion
- Author(s): Yao-Hwa Wu ; M. Werner ; S. Wang ; J. Flood ; J.L. Merz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 115 –116
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860081
- Type: Article
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Low-temperature photoluminescence and SEM are used to study the effects of annealing and Zn-diffusion on the doped Al0.3Ga0.7As-GaAs superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy. It is found that annealing has little effect on the Al-Ga interdiffusion. The photoluminescence spectra from both an unannealed and a Zn-diffused superlattice doped with Be and Sn in the wells and barriers, respectively, show peaks from the GaAs wells and the Al0.3Ga0.7As barriers. The SEM picture also shows that the superlattice remains intact with Zn-diffusion.
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