Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 22, Issue 22, 23 October 1986
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Volume 22, Issue 22
23 October 1986
Broad wavelength tuning under single-mode oscillation with a multi-electrode distributed feedback laser
- Author(s): Y. Yoshikuni ; K. Oe ; G. Motosugi ; T. Matsuoka
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1153 –1154
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860789
- Type: Article
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Broad wavelength tuning under single-mode oscillation is achieved for a 1.5 μm range multi-electrode distributed feedback laser. The lasing wavelength can be tuned electrically, maintaining a stable single-mode oscillation without mode jumping. The tuning has reached over 20 Å under a noticeable condition of constant power (5mW), with a sufficient side-mode suppression ratio over 30 dB.
Mobile radio propagation in Auckland at 851 MHz
- Author(s): G.B. Rowe and A.G. Williamson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1154 –1155
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860790
- Type: Article
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A series of field trials undertaken in Auckland at 851 MHz have shown that the median propagation loss may be estimated by the plane earth propagation loss plus a clutter factor of 45.1, 27.0, 21.7 and 18.3 dB for urban, light urban, suburban and rural environments, respectively.
Jacoby and Kost's binary two-thirds rate modulation code
- Author(s): H.C. Ferreira ; J.F. Hope ; M.A. van Wyk ; A.L. Nel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1155 –1157
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860791
- Type: Article
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The state system of this digital magnetic recording code is presented here and was used in simulations of Viterbi decoding to obtain graphs of the bit error rates on the binary symmetric channel and a two-state burst erasure channel. Furthermore, the code's measured power spectral density is also presented.
High-performance InGaAsP/InP 1.3 μm laser structures with both facets etched
- Author(s): H. Saito ; Y. Noguchi ; H. Nagai
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1157 –1158
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860792
- Type: Article
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InGaAsP/InP laser structures with both facets etched are successfully fabricated by angled reactive ion etching (RIE) utilising a TiO2 mask and Cl2-Ar gas. Typical CW threshold current ranges from 20 to 30 mA at 25°C, and light output power from one facet exceeds 25 mW. Results of the aging test at 50°C and 100 mA show no serious degradation for 3200 h.
Comparison-based diagnosis with faulty comparators
- Author(s): F. Lombardi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1158 –1160
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860793
- Type: Article
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The letter deals with a new approach to diagnosis by comparison. A new class of diagnosable systems is introduced: in these systems, units and comparators used in the diagnostic process may fail. Failure of comparators introduces a new condition of test invalidation for comparison. Characterisation theorems and fault identification similarities between different comparison models are presented.
Spectral chirping suppression using modified DFB-DC-PBH LD
- Author(s): K. Kaede ; M. Shikada ; I. Mito
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1160 –1161
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860794
- Type: Article
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A chirping suppression scheme is proposed and demonstrated using a modified DFB-DC-PBH LD. This scheme is effective both for sinusoidal modulation and for pulse modulation. The chirping is suppressed to one tenth in 100 MHz sinusoidal modulation and one fifth in 2 Gbit/s pulse modulation.
Convergence of physical optics integrals by Ludwig's technique
- Author(s): J.R. Parkinson and M.J. Mehler
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1161 –1162
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860795
- Type: Article
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The convergence properties of Ludwig's integration technique are investigated, when applied to physical optics (PO) analysis. It is demonstrated that the rate of convergence is sensitive to the choice of integration grid co-ordinate system. Examples of PO analysis applied to paraboloidal and ellipsoidal reflectors show the reduction in computation time achievable when using a cartesian integration grid rather than a polar grid.
Biquadratic filter sections employing a single current conveyor
- Author(s): C.P. Chong and K.C. Smith
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1162 –1164
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860796
- Type: Article
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LP, BP and HP filters with low passive component sensitivity and independently adjustable ω0 or Q are presented. In addition, two new types of current conveyor are introduced and a new current-conveyor classification is proposed.
Pair-groove-substrate GaAs/AlGaAs multiquantum-well lasers with a self-aligned stripe geometry
- Author(s): T. Yamada ; T. Yuasa ; K. Kamon ; M. Shimazu ; M. Ishii
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1164 –1166
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860797
- Type: Article
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GaAs/AlGaAs multiquantum-well (MQW) lasers with a self-aligned structure incorporating a waveguide and current confinement were fabricated on a substrate with a pair of etched grooves using two-step epitaxial growth. First, a current-blocking layer was grown selectively on the substrate by low-pressure organometallic vapour-phase epitaxy (OMVPE), and then the GaAs/AlGaAs MQW laser structure was constructed on the substrate with the OMVPE layer by molecular-beam epitaxy. The mesa-shaped part of the active layer above the current-confinement region provides a lateral refractive-index optical waveguide. The lasers show well controlled transverse-mode oscillations with low threshold currents.
Characteristics of a parallel-plate waveguide with a narrow slit in its upper plate
- Author(s): Ki Cho Young and Son Hyun
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1166 –1167
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860798
- Type: Article
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A parallel-plate waveguide with a narrow slit in its upper plate is investigated. The magnetic current induced in the slit is obtained from an integral equation whose kernel is approximated to a logarithmic function. From knowledge of the magnetic current, the normalised conductance and susceptance of the slit are computed.
New heterostructure junction field-effect transistor (HJFET)
- Author(s): J.G. Simmons and G.W. Taylor
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1167 –1169
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860799
- Type: Article
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A new type of heterostructure junction field-effect transistor is proposed which is suitable for realisation in a heterojunction material combination such as AlGaAs-GaAs. The conducting region is a layer which is pinched off by the modulation of a unique n-n heterojunction, formed by either MOCVD or molecular-beam-epitaxial growth techniques. Threshold control is by ion implantation as in MOSFET technology.
Thermal model of laser diode arrays
- Author(s): W. Nakwaski
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1169 –1170
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860800
- Type: Article
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The analytical temperature profiles within the laser-diode-array heat sink are obtained using Green's functions. In the formulas, the temperature profiles are a function of the construction parameters, material data and supply power only. The influence of the array construction parameters on the maximal temperature increase in the heat sink is shown. The derived formulas enable thermal optimisation of the array.
VLSI architecture of bit-serial quasicyclic encoders
- Author(s): Q. Wang ; F.H. El Guibaly ; V.K. Bhargava
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1170 –1171
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860801
- Type: Article
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A bit-serial algorithm for the multiplication of elements in the vector space of finite dimension is presented. Based on the algorithm, a VLSI architecture of quasicyclic (QC) encoders is shown. Compared with that of conventional QC encoders, the proposed architecture is more regular, simpler and programmable. It also offers designers more flexibility for choosing available VLSI techniques. In addition, it can easily be changed to accommodate any QC coding strategies.
Frequency demodulator for DBS using an SAW adaptive filter
- Author(s): J. Veillard
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1171 –1173
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860802
- Type: Article
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A frequency demodulator for DBS using an SAW adaptive filter is described. It gives quasioptimal performance with the D2-MAC/packet system and can also be useful with C-MAC/packet when a single FM demodulator is used. The SAW device is described and experimental results arc given
AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor circuits with improved high-speed performance
- Author(s): M.F. Chang ; P.M. Asbeck ; K.C. Wang ; G.J. Sullivan ; D.L. Miller
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1173 –1174
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860803
- Type: Article
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Using a self-aligned base contact process and proton implantation to reduce extrinsic base-collector capacitance, we have improved the high-speed performance of AlGaAs/ GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor digital circuits. The cutoff frequency of the transistor fT with an emitter width of 2.0 μm is 45 GHz. NTL ring oscillators have operated at 16.5 ps/gate and CML ring oscillators at 27.6 ps/gate. Frequency dividers (1/4) have operated up to 11 GHz with wafer-probe testing These are record speeds for bipolar circuits.
Linear transmission-line model analysis of a circular patch antenna
- Author(s): G. Dubost and G. Beauquet
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1174 –1176
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860804
- Type: Article
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Using a linear transmission-line model analysis we calculate the radiation admittance in the particular case of the circular patch antenna. Theoretical bandwidth, radiation admittance and resonance frequency are compared successfully with experimental results given by other authors.
New analysis of LED to single-mode fibre coupling
- Author(s): B. Hillerich
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1176 –1177
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860805
- Type: Article
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It is shown that the coupling efficiency between partially coherent sources like LEDs and single-mode fibres can be calculated from near-field and far-field data. Good agreement with experimental results is found.
Connection between stabilisability conditions for two different controllers
- Author(s): E. Yaz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1177 –1178
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860806
- Type: Article
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The letter brings out the relationship between the proposed stabilisability conditions of the finite moving horizon and infinite horizon optimal control laws for linear discrete-time systems.
Novel means of detecting microwave power using optical fibres
- Author(s): A.J. Harris and L.J. Auchterlonie
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1178 –1179
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860807
- Type: Article
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A single-mode optical fibre positioned in a waveguide structure (2.45 GHz) is shown to sense microwave power. The effect is studied quantatively by monitoring the output of an all-fibre Mach-Zehnder interferometer, one limb of which incorporates the test fibre.
Parallel processor for real-time analysis of binary images
- Author(s): J. Owczarczyk
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1179 –1181
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860808
- Type: Article
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In the letter a parallel processor for real-time analysis of binary images is presented. Its processing throughput exceeds 109 cellular logic operations per second.
Stabilisation of heterodyne receiver sensitivity with automatic polarisation control system
- Author(s): H. Honmou ; S. Yamazaki ; K. Emura ; R. Ishikawa ; I. Mito ; M. Shikada ; K. Minemura
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1181 –1182
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860809
- Type: Article
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A low-insertion-loss automatic optical fibre polarisation control system with low driving voltage and low monitoring power has achieved stabilisation of the receiver sensitivity within the fluctuation range of less than 0.4 dB in an optical FSK heterodyne 280 Mbit/s, 141 km transmission experiment.
Fast public key cryptosystem based on matrix rings
- Author(s): B.S. Adiga and P. Shankar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1182 –1183
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860810
- Type: Article
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A public key cryptosystem is proposed, which is based on the assumption that finding the square root of an element in a large finite ring is computationally infeasible in the absence of a knowledge of the ring structure. The encryption and decryption operations are very fast, and the data expansion is 1:2.
GaAs MMIC broadband SPDT PIN switch
- Author(s): L. Thomas ; A. Hing ; E. Hughes ; J. Beckerson ; K. Wilson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1183 –1185
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860811
- Type: Article
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The first GaAs MMIC using PIN diodes as the active elements is described. The single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switch covers the frequency range 2 to 18 GHz, and can handle incident powers of 1W at X-band. Isolation and insertion loss vary respectively from — 55 dB and 1 dB at 2 GHz to —17 dB and 2.2 dB at 18 GHz.
Chromatic dispersion measurement over a 120 km dispersion-shifted single-mode fibre in the 1.5 μm wavelength region
- Author(s): Y. Miyajima ; M. Ohnishi ; Y. Negishi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1185 –1186
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860812
- Type: Article
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Chromatic dispersion in the 1.47–1.60 μm wavelength region is measured successfully for a dispersion-shifted fibre over 120 km by the LD phase-shift method. The measured value of a 123 km spliced fibre agrees well with the sum of chromatic dispersion values of its constituent fibres. This confirms the additive rule of chromatic dispersion for long dispersion shifted fibre in the 1.5 μm wavelength region.
MOVPE InGaAs/InP grown directly on GaAs substrates
- Author(s): A.G. Dentai ; C.H. Joyner ; B. Tell ; J.L. Zyskind ; J.W. Sulhoff ; J.F. Ferguson ; J.C. Centanni ; S.N.G. Chu ; C.L. Cheng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1186 –1188
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860813
- Type: Article
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We have demonstrated the feasibility of growth of InP/InGaAs structures directly on GaAs using atmospheric pressure metal organic vapour phase epitaxy. Growth conditions and the equipment used are described along with some preliminary measurements on the GaAs/InP/InGaAs wafers. P-N junctions were formed in these materials to evaluate diode characteristics.
Soft error rates in 64 K and 256 K DRAMs
- Author(s): A.K.M.M. Haque ; J. Yates ; D. Stevens
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1188 –1189
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860814
- Type: Article
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Comparison of alpha-particle-induced soft error rates for 64K and 256 K DRAM devices from several manufacturers have indicated characteristic changes as the circuit density increases. In 64K devices bit-line-dependent errors form a more significant fraction of the total error rate. In contrast, 256 K devices exhibit greater cell sensitivity. Bit-line sensitivity increases by one order of magnitude and cell sensitivity by approximately two orders of magnitude between 64K and 256 K devices.
Two TV channel multimode fibre link using a single multilongitudinal mode laser diode (820nm) and path-difference multiplexing
- Author(s): H. Porte ; J.P. Goedgebuer ; A. Hamel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1189 –1191
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860815
- Type: Article
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A multiplexed transmission system using external electro-optic modulation of a CW multimode laser diode is described. The system relies on a novel multiplexing method wherein path differences larger than the source coherence length act as independent signal carriers. The performances of the system are described in the frame of analogue transmission of video signals.
Implanted planar GaInAsP/InP hetero-bipolar transistor
- Author(s): H. Kräutle
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1191 –1193
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860816
- Type: Article
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Planar GaInAsP/InP hetero-bipolar transistors (HBTs) applicable for integration into optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs) have been fabricated. Si and Mg ions have been implanted into an LPE-grown heterostructure on semi-insulating InP to form collector and base contacts. Emitter-up HBTs showed maximum current gains of up to 20000.
Subsampling and adaptive interpolation for MAC video signals
- Author(s): W.H. Dobbie
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1193 –1194
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860817
- Type: Article
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A method of subsampling suitable for FM transmission of multiplexed analogue component (MAC) video signals is described. A modified quincunx subsampling lattice is used with a zigzag scanning pattern over two TV lines. Simulation results for interpolation using samples in the current field only, are presented to compare this method with an alternative method in which alternate lines of video are deleted.
Bandwidth-limited, single-longitudinal-mode. ultrashort optical pulse generation by a strongly RF-modulated, distributed Bragg reflector InGaAsp diode laser at 1.3 μm
- Author(s): N. Zhang ; N. Onodera ; H. Ito ; H. Inaba
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1194 –1196
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860818
- Type: Article
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The feasibility for generating bandwidth-limited, single-longitudinal-mode, ultrashort optical pulses has been demonstrated for the first time using a DBR diode laser at 1.3 μm by the method of strong RF modulation superimposed on the DC bias current. The time-bandwidth product of generated picosecond pulses at 400 MHz modulation frequency was measured to be 0.45 for the Lorentzian pulse shape with FWHM of approximately 31.5 ps.
Second-order PLL loop filters with independent adjustment of ωn and ζ
- Author(s): A.P. Dekker
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1196 –1197
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860819
- Type: Article
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Second-order type-one and type-two PLL loop flltets are given in which the values of ωn and ζ can be set independently.
Spectral characteristics for 1.3 μm monolithic external cavity DFB lasers
- Author(s): S. Murata ; S. Yamazaki ; I. Mito ; K. Kobayashi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1197 –1198
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860820
- Type: Article
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Spectral characteristics for 1.3μm monolithic external cavity (MEC) DFB lasers have been studied experimentally. As drive current increased, light output and spectral linewidth were changed periodically. Less than 2 MHz linewidths were obtained at the minimum points of each period. The narrowest beat spectrum linewidth was less than 3MHz with two MEC DFB lasers.
Surface wave coupling between circular patch antennas
- Author(s): A.K. Bhattacharyya and L. Shafai
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1198 –1200
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860821
- Type: Article
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The surface wave coupling between circular microstrip antennas is formulated and shown that it decays much more slowly than the space wave coupling. It increases rapidly with the substrate thickness.
Image correlation via pulsed dynamic holography
- Author(s): M.G. Nicholson ; G.G. Gibbons ; L.C. Laycock ; C.R. Petts
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1200 –1202
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860822
- Type: Article
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We describe initial experiments on a photorefractive-based optical image correlator which employs a frequency-doubled, pulsed Nd: YAG laser with a pulse length of 10 ns to write a phase grating into a crystal of bismuth silicon oxide. The correlation of simple binary images has been demonstrated, and measurements indicate that the rise time of the correlation signal is less than 200 ns.
Variable reduction method in routing problems
- Author(s): F. Pavlidou and S.S. Kouris
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1202 –1203
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860823
- Type: Article
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A variable reduction method is used in the mathematical formulation of routing problems where independent variables obey linear constraints. In this respect the first and second derivatives of the reduced objective function are evaluated. The Hessian matrix results are diagonal and therefore Newton's method can easily be applied.
Use of bilinear integrator in design of fully differential biquads
- Author(s): S. Fotopoulos
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1203 –1205
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860824
- Type: Article
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The design of a bilinear integrator in fully differential form introduces new possibilities in the design of biquad circuits. The new circuits presented here have no simple non-differential counterparts, are stray-insensitive, have small sensitivities and require capacitor values in acceptable limits.
Wavelength-flattened 8×8 single-mode star coupler
- Author(s): D.B. Mortimore
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1205 –1206
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860825
- Type: Article
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The letter reports the fabrication and performance of a low-loss 8×8 star coupler from a network of four-port wavelength-flattened fused couplers. The coupler insertion loss has a much reduced wavelength dependence compared to stars made from standard fused couplers, and provides a useful operating window from 1.2 to 1.6 μm.
High-efficiency, low-leakage MOCVD-grown GaInAs/AlInAs heterojunction photodiodes for detection to 2.4μm
- Author(s): A.J. Moseley ; M.D. Scott ; A.H. Moore ; R.H. Wallis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1206 –1207
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860826
- Type: Article
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Photodiodes with a long-wavelength cutoff extending out to 2.4 μm have been fabricated from MOCVD-grown Ga0.28-In0 72As/Al0.28In0.72As heterostructures, using a compositionally graded buffer layer to accommodate the lattice mismatch between the active layer and the InP substrate. These devices exhibit peak efficiency as high as 95% at 1.8–2.2μm with dark currents as low as 35 nA at −0.5 V reverse bias.
Dependence of fused taper couplers on external refractive index
- Author(s): F.P. Payne ; T. Finegan ; M.S. Yataki ; R.J. Mears ; C.D. Hussey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, p. 1207 –1209
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860827
- Type: Article
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We present the results of an experimental and theoretical investigation into the dependence of fused taper couplers on changes in the external refractive index. We show that it should be possible to fabricate long couplers which are insensitive to changes in the external refractive index.
Erratum: New CW imaging mode for scanning acoustic microscopy
- Author(s): F. Faridian ; M.G. Somekh ; I. Sakai
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, page: 1209 –1209
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860828
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Properties of master/slave manipulators
- Author(s): C. Vibet
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, page: 1209 –1209
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860829
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Novel lossless tunable floating FDNR simulation using two current conveyors and a buffer
- Author(s): M. Higashimura and Y. Fukui
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 22, page: 1209 –1209
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860830
- Type: Article
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- Type: Article
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Partial spectral search-based DOA estimation method for co-prime linear arrays
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Experimental verification of on-chip CMOS fractional-order capacitor emulators
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54 Gbit/s OOK transmission using single-mode VCSEL up to 2.2 km MMF
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