Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 20, Issue 25-26, 6 December 1984
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Volume 20, Issue 25
6 December 1984
High-speed fusion splice packages using internal heat sources
- Author(s): N. Murata ; M. Hoshino ; S. Yamakawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1025 –1026
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840700
- Type: Article
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A new high-speed packaging system using a heat-shrinkable tube and an adhesive inner tube for optical fibre fusion splices is proposed. High-speed packaging of less than 0.5 min is achieved by electrical-resistance heating or by induction heating of a strength member rod, inserted into the tubes.
Detection of binary images recorded on films with grain clustering
- Author(s): A.S. Tavildar ; S.N. Gupta ; H.M. Gupta
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1026 –1027
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840701
- Type: Article
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Binary detection of photographic images recorded on films with grain clustering has been investigated. The performance is evaluated in terms of the SNR, the degree of grain clustering and the number of repetitive samples of binary information.
Barker towers
- Author(s): P.S. Moharir ; K. Venkata Rao ; S.K. Varma
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1027 –1029
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840702
- Type: Article
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Barker sequences having Barker segments in them exist, if one allows ternary alphabet. Such sequences, called Barker towers, can be used in range resolution radar and synchronisation in ternary communication.
Below 10 ps/gate operation with buried p-layer SAINT FETs
- Author(s): K. Yamasaki ; N. Kato ; M. Hirayama
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1029 –1031
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840703
- Type: Article
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GaAs SAINT FETs with a p-layer buried under the active layer have achieved below 10 ps/gate (9.9 ps/gate) operation for the first time in semiconductor devices. The p-layer formed by Be+ implantation is completely depleted by the built-in potential. It has successfully alleviated the short channel effects without increasing parastic capacitance.
Underwater optical connector for remotely operated submersibles
- Author(s): K. Asakawa and Y. Shirasaki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1031 –1032
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840704
- Type: Article
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A low-loss small-sized underwater optical connector with six optical contacts is presented. An oil-filled optical fibre cord is adopted to simplify the structure. The body of the adaptor is made of synthetic resin which is practically free from erosion. The distribution of stress is calculated by using the finite-element method to evaluate the mechanical strength of the adaptor.
Optical beam equalisation using degenerate two-wave mixing
- Author(s): Y.H. Ja
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1032 –1034
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840705
- Type: Article
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Optical beam equalisation using degenerate two-wave mixing with photorefractive crystals is proposed. The relationship between parameters to achieve beam equalisation is derived.
Thermal stress measurements in optical-fibre preforms using preform-profiling techniques
- Author(s): M.P. Varnham ; S.B. Poole ; D.N. Payne
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1034 –1035
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840706
- Type: Article
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An analysis is presented of the effect of thermal stress on transverse refractive-index profiling of optical-fibre preforms. The theory leads to a new measurement technique for axial stress profiling.
Design tolerances for dispersion flattened SiO2-cladded single mode fibres
- Author(s): J.H. Povlsen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1035 –1036
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840707
- Type: Article
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It is shown that the dispersion sensitivity to core diameter and to refractive index of the core of ideal broadband-dispersion-compensated single mode fibres can be accurately extracted from optical properties of the cladding material. In SiO2-cladded dispersion flattened fibres, typical sensitivity coefficients are 1.25 ps/km nm and 0.4–0.8 ps/kmnm per percent change in core diameter and core index, respectively.
Ion emission from molten metal
- Author(s): K. Suzuki ; S. Kobayashi ; Y. Sakashita
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1037 –1038
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840708
- Type: Article
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This letter describes mass spectra and energy distributions of ions emitted from molten aluminium. The aluminium sample was heated with a tungsten filament to 1270 K. The ion species are K−, Na− and Al−. Their energies correspond to the accelerating potential applied between the sample and the energy analyser.
Nature of wavelength chirping in directly modulated semiconductor lasers
- Author(s): T.L. Koch and J.E. Bowers
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1038 –1040
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840709
- Type: Article
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Relations are derived concerning the inherent connection between frequency deviations and the optical power wave-form of a directly modulated semiconductor laser, providing for the first time a quantitative assessment of inherent optical fibre dispersion penalties of directly modulated lasers. The relations also indicate that control of chirp involves only the control of the intensity modulation characteristics and proper current drive of semiconductor lasers. Experimental measurement of FM and IM characteristics of a 1.55 μm DFB laser support the results.
Dynamic single-frequency low-chirp operation of a laterally coupled waveguide (LCW) laser
- Author(s): F. Kappeler
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1040 –1041
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840710
- Type: Article
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Dynamic single-frequency operation of a laterally coupled waveguide (LCW) laser modulated at 1 GHz is reported for the first time. The device consists of three optically coupled but electrically separated resonators arranged side by side. By using two of the three coupled lasers as stabilising sources a resolution limited chirp of 0.022 nm has been achieved at a modulation depth of 85%.
Stray-insensitive differential input stages for A/D convertors
- Author(s): D.K. Shum and G.C. Temes
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1041 –1042
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840711
- Type: Article
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Novel input stages are proposed for A/D convertors. The circuits can accept differential input signals without sample-and-hold buffers, and are immune to the effects of parasitic capacitances.
Developing experimental models for a bistatic subsurface radar
- Author(s): R. Bansal
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1042 –1044
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840712
- Type: Article
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The letter presents preliminary results from a recent experimental investigation to characterise the electromagnetic scattering from conducting objects submerged in a dissipative half-space. The variation of the magnetic field with respect to the depth of the scattering object is discussed. Correlations are also sought between the measured field components and the size of the scattering object.
FM- and AM-noise spectra of 1.3 μm InGaAsP DFB lasers in 0–3 GHz range and determination of their linewidth enhancement factor α
- Author(s): K. Kikuchi and T. Okoshi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1044 –1045
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840713
- Type: Article
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Spectral measurements of FM and AM noises of 1.3 μm InGaAsP DFB lasers are performed in the frequency range from DC to 3 GHz. The resonance behaviour of the measured spectra is compared with theory; the absolute value of the linewidth enhancement factor α is determined to be 2.2 by very successful curve fitting between theory and the measured FM-noise spectra.
Temperature tuning of LiNbO3 electro-optic waveguide TE/TM mode convertors
- Author(s): R.C. Booth ; B.E. Daymond-John ; P.E. Sturges ; M.G.F. Wilson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1045 –1047
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840714
- Type: Article
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A novel temperature tuning technique for LiNbO3 electro-optic waveguide mode convertors is described. Operation of both X- and Z-cut LiNbO3 devices with greater than 99% conversion efficiency at the fixed wavelength of 1.52 μm is reported and tuning rates of −0.9 nm°C−1 and −1.0 nm°C−1, respectively, demonstrated.
Novel integrated optical polarisers using surface plasma waves and ion milled grooves in lithium niobate
- Author(s): J.P.G. Bristow ; A.C.G. Nutt ; P.J.R. Laybourn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1047 –1048
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840715
- Type: Article
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Two distinctly different integrated optical polarisers have been made with multilayer claddings and titanium indiffused lithium niobate waveguides, transmitting both TE and TM polarisations. The TE device used claddings on the crystal surface obtaining (20.9±0.3) dB/cm extinction ratio. The TM polariser used similar claddings on a vertical wall fabricated by ion-beam milling adjacent to the waveguide, obtaining (17±3) dB extinction ratio.
Improved convergence performance of RSER algorithms with modified gradient filtering
- Author(s): T. Murali and B.V. Rao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1048 –1050
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840716
- Type: Article
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A modified gradient filtering technique is applied to a class of recursive sequential regression (RSER) algorithms, in order to improve the convergence performance. The performance behaviour of the new class of algorithms is studied using both all-pole and pole-zero examples.
Travelling waves on thin bodies
- Author(s): T.B.A. Senior and S.I. Yang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1050 –1051
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840717
- Type: Article
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Simple formulas for locating the travelling wave peaks in the backscattering patterns of thin three- and two-dimensional bodies are developed and compared.
Field to dispersion relationships in single-mode fibres
- Author(s): C.D. Hussey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1051 –1052
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840718
- Type: Article
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Exact explicit expressions are obtained which relate (i) the modal spotsize and (ii) the core power to the dispersion parameters in single-mode optical fibres. Spotsize can therefore be expressed exactly in terms of the core power, with the degree of guidance playing a crucial role in the relationship.
Determination of proper output variables for the decoupling of nonlinear systems
- Author(s): K. Zimmer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1052 –1053
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840719
- Type: Article
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The letter deals with the design of nonlinear time-variant systems by decoupling. A method is presented to determine proper output variables in order to generate maximum differential order. As a conclusion equivalence turns out between this procedure and the transformation to nonlinear phase-variable canonical form.
Analysis of the pulse compression of Doppler shifted nonlinear frequency modulated signals
- Author(s): J.A. Johnston
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1054 –1055
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840720
- Type: Article
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An analysis of the effect of Doppler shift on the compression of nonlinear FM signals is presented based on the use of paired echoes. The analysis enables the observed distortion due to Doppler shift to be explained in terms of a series of echoes, each with the shape of the undistorted compression filter output.
Measurements of polarisation mode dispersion by optical heterodyne detection
- Author(s): N. Shibata ; M. Tsubokawa ; S. Seikai
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1055 –1057
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840721
- Type: Article
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Polarisation mode dispersion measurements based on optical heterodyne detection are demonstrated. Using the detection technique, length dependence of group delay difference between two orthogonally polarised HE11 modes in an elliptical-core fibre was measured at a wavelength of 1.3 μm. The modal dispersion was found to depend linearly on length in the range of 0–500 m for a fibre with modal birefringence of 1.5×10−5.
Length dependence of correlation coefficients in multimode fibre concatenations
- Author(s): G. Veith
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1057 –1058
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840722
- Type: Article
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Cumulative pulse dispersion measurements indicate that correlations between nonadjoining fibres can have a considerable influence on the final bandwidth of a fibre concatenation. For an improved bandwidth prediction the conventionally defined correlation coefficients rij have to be modified by length-dependent weighting factors as long as fibres are separated by intermediate links which are shorter than the fibre coupling length.
Integrated optical 4×4 star coupler on LiNbO3
- Author(s): H. Heidrich ; D. Hoffmann ; W. Döldissen ; M. Klug
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1058 –1059
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840723
- Type: Article
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A novel low-loss passive planar 4×4 star coupler consisting of four interconnected 3 dB couplers was fabricated on x-cut Ti: LiNbO3 using z-propagation. Almost even distribution was achieved for both TE and TM polarised light incident on any of the four inputs. Excess loss including fibre coupling was <4.2 dB.
Novel schmitt trigger based on lambda diode
- Author(s): K. Ramkumar and K. Nagaraj
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1059 –1061
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840724
- Type: Article
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A new circuit to realise a Schmitt trigger has been conceived. This circuit, which is based on the well known lambda diode, is suitable for integration using CMOS technology. It requires only three devices and is probably simpler than any other conventional Schmitt trigger circuit.
High-power high-efficiency LP-MOCVD InP Gunn diodes for 94 GHz
- Author(s): M.A. di Forte-Poisson ; C. Brylinski ; G. Colomer ; D. Osselin ; S. Hersee ; J.P. Duchemin ; F. Azan ; D. Lechevallier ; J. Lacombee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1061 –1062
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840725
- Type: Article
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High-power and high-efficiency InP Gunn diodes which were made from wafers grown by LP-MOCVD have been developed in the millimetre-wave range. Average power levels in excess of 50 mW were obtained at 94 GHz with an efficiency of 3%, while an optimised structure operating at 75 mW has been obtained with an efficiency of 2.4%.
New collision detection technique and its performance
- Author(s): K. Oguchi and Y. Hakamada
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1062 –1063
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840726
- Type: Article
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A highly sensitive collision detection technique that can recognise collision of optical signals with an 8 dB optical power difference is described. The maximum bit time needed to determine such a collision is calculated to be 700 bits for an 8 dB difference. This value has been verified experimentally in a passive optical star system with 100 stations.
Effects of doping levels at source and drain regions on the performance of a-Si FET
- Author(s): K. Katoh ; S. Imagi ; H. Watanabe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1064 –1065
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840727
- Type: Article
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The transfer characteristics of a-Si FETs are remarkably improved by adopting the phosphorus doped n+-layer at the source and drain contacts. Excess doping of phosphorus, however, causes degradation in the transfer characteristics after heat treatment. The optimum doping level is obtained by depositing the n+-layer at 1 to 5×10−3 molar ratios of PH3/SiH4.
Fully automatic optical fibre arc-fusion splice machine
- Author(s): T. Haibara ; M. Tachikura ; R. Arioka
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1065 –1066
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840728
- Type: Article
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A newly developed fully automatic optical fibre arc-fusion splice machine is described. All splice processes such as stripping, cutting, alignment, arc-fusion and reinforcement are carried out sequentially without human intervention. By using the machine, an average splice loss of 0.07 dB and a median tensile strength of 1.2 GPa are obtained for graded-index multimode fibres.
Electron mobility in indium nitride
- Author(s): T.L. Tansley and C.P. Foley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1066 –1068
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840729
- Type: Article
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Measurements of the transport properties of RF sputtered polycrystalline films of indium nitride are presented. The maximum electron mobility measured is 5000 cm2V−1s−1 at 150 K, and the lowest electron concentrations obtained are 5×1016 cm−3 at 300 K falling to a constant value of 3×1016 in the range 30–150 K. These results are significantly better than those hitherto reported. The temperature dependence of mobility is attributed to ionised impurity sscattering at low temperatures and space charge scattering at higher temperatures.
Visible fluorescence from heat-treated GeO2-doped silica optical fibre in hydrogen atmosphere
- Author(s): N. Uesugi ; K. Noguchi ; N. Hata ; Y. Shibata ; Y. Negishi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1068 –1069
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840730
- Type: Article
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A fluorescence at 657.7 nm observed for heat-treated optical fibres in a hydrogen atmosphere is reported. The fluorescence intensity is related to the short wavelength loss increase of optical fibres. The origin of the fluorescence is assumed to be defect centres associated with GeO2, or GeO.
High-stability optical fibre loss measuring equipment using comparison method
- Author(s): Y. Namihira ; H. Wakabayashi ; H. Yamamoto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1069 –1071
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840731
- Type: Article
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High-stability optical fibre loss measuring equipment using the comparison method was developed. Long-term stability within ±0.001 dB/100 h at a room temperature variation of ±2°C has been achieved.
Effect of slot asymmetry: addendum to ‘New properties of double-layer coupled slot lines configuration’
- Author(s): B.J. Janiczak
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1071 –1072
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840732
- Type: Article
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The dispersion property of the asymmetric version of the double-layer coupled slot line configuration is presented and discussed. It is found that this structure has advantages over the symmetric case.
SiO2-SnO2-P2-O5 glass optical fibres
- Author(s): S. Satoh ; K. Ishida ; T. Katsuyama ; T. Suganuma ; H. Matsumura
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1072 –1073
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840733
- Type: Article
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An optical fibre with tin oxide doped core was fabricated by an improved MCVD process whose transmission loss at 1.2 μm is 6 dB/km. The refractive indices and thermal expansion coefficients of SnO2-doped silica glasses and this loss property suggest SnO2 dopant may be successfully used as an alternative dopant for optical fibre.
Reduction of frequency chirping and dynamic linewidth in high-speed directly modulated semiconductor lasers by injection locking
- Author(s): C. Lin and F. Mengel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, p. 1073 –1075
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840734
- Type: Article
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We report the reduction of frequency chirping and dynamic spectral linewidth in high-speed directly modulated semiconductor lasers, by external injection from a CW single-mode laser. Reduction by more than a factor of 2 in chirped line-width was obtained in a GaAlAs laser modulated with a 1 GHz, 100 Ps current pulses.
Erratum: Simultaneous phase and amplitude measurements on optical signals using a multiport junction
- Author(s): N.G. Walker and J.E. Carroll
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 20, Issue 25, page: 1075 –1075
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19840735
- Type: Article
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