Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 2, Issue 8, August 1966
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Volume 1 (1965)
Volume 2, Issue 8
August 1966
Acoustic simulation of knife-edge diffraction
- Author(s): M.N.B. Ayiku and R.K. Moore
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 289 –290
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660241
- Type: Article
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–290
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Knife-edge-diffraction theory is frequently applied to determine the effects of propagation over mountain ranges. Experimental programmes to establish the validity of this technique for nonideal knife edges found in nature have continued. The acoustic-modelling technique described here permits determination of the effect of such nonideal profiles readily, without the need for expensive and time-consuming field measurements.
Behaviour of minimum excess-noise figure and maximum transducer gain in a linear 2 port
- Author(s): V. Roengpithya and A.R. Boothroyd
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 290 –291
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660242
- Type: Article
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–291
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In order to minimise the excess-noise figure (excess-noise figure = noise figure – 1) of a linear 2 port, the source conductance gs must have an optimum value of gso. It is shown that this value of gso does not necessarily correspond to the condition for maximum transducer gain. Considering the excess-noise figure and transducer gain, a compromise value of gs is found for the minimum noise measure.
Boolean minimisation techniques
- Author(s): S.L. Hurst
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, page: 291 –291
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660243
- Type: Article
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This note amends a previously published numerical method, whereby redundant terms in a binary-minimisation program may be detected and hence eliminated. The previously published method failed to detect a minority of possible redundant terms, when the number of variables involved was large.
Effect of glow discharge on chromium thin-film resistance
- Author(s): S. Dembicka–Jellonkowa and E. Murawski
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 292 –293
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660244
- Type: Article
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–293
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The resistivity of thin vacuum-evaporated chromium films varies significantly after deposition. Glow-discharge treatment immediately after deposition slowly increases the sheet resistance, and improves its stability during exposure to air and subsequent heat aging. This treatment enables a stable chromium film to be obtained with a sheet resistivity above 400 Ω/square.
Effects of piezoelectric resonances in ADP and KDP light-modulator crystals
- Author(s): F. Hoff and B. Stádník
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, page: 293 –293
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660245
- Type: Article
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Graphical determination of phase trajectories of nonlinear sampling systems
- Author(s): P. Vidal ; F. Laurent ; L. Povy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 294 –295
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660246
- Type: Article
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p.
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–295
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The particular form of the recurrence equation defining a particular class of nonlinear sampling systems enables the authors to propose a graphical method of determining the evolution of phase trajectories of these systems.
Effect of different methods of f.m.-waveform generation on the sidelobe structure of a compressed pulse
- Author(s): N. Coulson ; E.W. Houghton ; R.S. Peters ; M.W. Sinclair
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 295 –296
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660247
- Type: Article
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–296
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Computer programming of pulse compression by active and passive generation is outlined. Results reproduced compare the sidelobe structure associated with active and passive modes, emphasising the absence, in passive generation, of the pedestal structure of the active system. Explanations for the difference between the modes are offered, substantiated by further computer results.
Mantissa-function generator
- Author(s): D.P. Franklin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 296 –297
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660248
- Type: Article
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–297
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A function generator for providing, in analogue, the mantissa of the logarithm of two numbers, given the logarithm of each, may be realised by the conductance of the series combination of a resistor and a semiconductor diode. Its application to a logarithmic digital/analogue convertor for serial inputs is described.
Statistical models for laser-induced ionisation of gases
- Author(s): J.W. Gardner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 297 –298
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660249
- Type: Article
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p.
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–298
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Previous calculations, assuming random (Poissonian) fluctuations in laser intensity, overestimate the lowest threshold fluxes required to induce ionisation breakdown. This may be corrected by replacing the Poisson distribution by a Polya distribution, which takes account of correlations between coherent photons.
Variation of the radio refractive index of the troposphere with height
- Author(s): M.P.M. Hall
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 298 –299
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660250
- Type: Article
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–299
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Radio-refractive-index data covering a period of 17 months have been computed from meteorological captive-balloon soundings made regularly at Cardington, near Bedford, England. This letter describes the format of the data, which may be of interest to radiometeorologists and others concerned with the propagation of radio waves through the troposphere.
Errors in near-field measurements and their effect on computed radiation patterns
- Author(s): J.R. Blakey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 299 –300
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660251
- Type: Article
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–300
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An upper limit is deduced for the error produced in radiation patterns computed by Fourier analysis of near-field measurements owing to deviations from a prescribed transfer function.
Definition of jitter and a fast method to derive it
- Author(s): J. Mantel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 300 –301
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660252
- Type: Article
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p.
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–301
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A quantitative definition of the term ‘jitter’ is suggested. The relation between jitter and a range of time variations is demonstrated for Gaussian distribution. Using this definition, a fast method for deriving the jitter is shown.
Differential minority-carrier-storage circuit for fast-pulse generation
- Author(s): G.M. Ettinger and S.A. Husain
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 301 –302
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660253
- Type: Article
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p.
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–302
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A balanced system of minority-carrier-storage diodes, energised from avalanche-pulse generators, is described, which delivers fast-rise/fast-fall pulses of adjustable length. Nanosecond risetime is obtained with step-recovery diodes; readily available charge-storage coupling diodes may be used to achieve 5 ns rise and fall times and amplitudes of some tens of volts into 50 Ω.
Simple alignment procedure for a helium–neon laser
- Author(s): J.F. Delpech
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 302 –303
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660254
- Type: Article
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p.
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–303
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A simple alignment procedure for a helium–neon laser is described. Using only an infrared detector and a selective amplifier, the method yields, in a few minutes, accurate enough alignment for oscillation to occur on the three main lines of the helium–neon laser.
Electromagnetic-field solution of a diffuse plasma boundary
- Author(s): G. Hasserjian
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, page: 303 –303
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660255
- Type: Article
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An exact wave solution is obtained for a transitional plasma region having an Epstein variation for both the electron density and collision frequency. The planewave reflection and transmission coefficients for such a layer are expressed in terms of a correction term multiplying the coefficients, corresponding to a layer of variable electron density but constant collision frequency.
Short-range data link using a gallium arsenide lamp
- Author(s): D.C. Northrop and N.G. Shepherd
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, page: 304 –304
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660256
- Type: Article
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The magnetic field near a current-carrying conductor generates a Hall voltage in a silicon specimen, which, in turn, controls the pulse-repetition frequency of a gallium arsenide lamp. The instrument is versatile and has a range of about 10 m.
Barrier-height determinations in thin-film tunnel junctions
- Author(s): A. Tosser ; J.C. Cormier ; P. Thureau
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 304 –305
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660257
- Type: Article
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–305
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Using the previously determined value of the internal electric field of tunnel diodes, the authors use the electric tunnel method for the evaluation of metal–dielectric barrier heights. Effective mass of electron and dielectric permittivity are constant for a range of thickness from 50 to 150 Å.
Detection of chirp-radar signals by means of proton-spin echoes
- Author(s): O. Fagioli
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 306 –307
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660258
- Type: Article
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–307
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Chirp-radar pulse compression by means of proton-spin echoes has been experimentally investigated. These experiments are easier than those with electrons, because they are feasible at room temperature, and it is possible to change the relaxation time and resonance width continuously. In radar applications, the main difficulties are likely to be found in leakage and attenuation. These difficulties can be reduced by working at frequencies as high as possible and improving the experimental setup.
Slot-mode propagation in rectangular waveguide
- Author(s): P.J.B. Clarricoats ; P.E. Green ; A.A. Oliner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 307 –308
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660259
- Type: Article
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p.
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–308
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A previously observed discrepancy in the near-field pattern of a leaky-wave rectangular-waveguide antenna has been attributed to the presence of a second mode, in addition to the well known perturbed-waveguide mode. In this letter, a quantitative investigation of the properties of this so called slot mode is reported, and it is revealed that the cutoff frequency decreases with slot height and is strongly sensitive to it, in contrast to the other leaky-wave modes. Experimental observations of leaky-wave radiation at S band frequencies from a slotted Q band rectangular waveguide substantiate the theoretical predictions.
Realisation of a short-circuit-stable negative-resistance circuit with no internal bias supplies
- Author(s): G. Martinelli
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 308 –309
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660260
- Type: Article
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p.
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–309
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A method is presented for synthetising a short-circuit-stable negative-resistance characteristic by means of a circuit having no internal bias supplies and characterised by the possibility of directly controlling the co-ordinates of the peak and valley points of the characteristic. Formulas are given for designing the circuit under ideal conditions and determining the influence of the parameters of the actual components. The convenience of the method is finally illustrated by the results obtained in connect on with a practical application.
Temperature coefficient of drift of m.o.s. transistors
- Author(s): A.R. Owens and M.A. Perry
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 309 –310
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660261
- Type: Article
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–310
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Equations are derived for the thermal drift of an m.o.s. transistor operated at drain voltages beyond the pinchoff voltage. It is shown that zero temperature coefficient only occurs at one temperature, and that this temperature is a function of the operating point. The theory is compared with practical results.
Ray-theory interpretation of reflection of radio waves by a linearly graded plasma
- Author(s): A.L. Cullen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 311 –312
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660262
- Type: Article
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p.
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–312
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When a beam of microwaves is incident at an angle θi on a linearly graded plasma, it emerges at a distance D from the point of incidence, given by ray theory as D = 2 xe sin 2 θi. A more accurate result can be obtained by applying the principle of stationary phase to the reflected angular spectrum of waves, making use of the reflection coefficient, which can be expressed simply in terms of Airy functions when the electric vector is perpendicular to the plane of incidence. This more accurate result can be represented, to a very close approximation, by taking into account a reflection arising from the discontinuity of gradient at the boundary of the plasma, and combining this with the geometrical-optics result which leads to the equation quoted above. The ray-theory interpretation is shown to have practical implications with the oblique-incidence diagnostic technique introduced by Kharadly.
Calculation of communication-network response to arbitrary transients
- Author(s): H.B.S. Brabham
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 312 –314
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660263
- Type: Article
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–314
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The use of a digital computer permits the replacement of analytic-function waveforms by lists of equi-interval sample values, while a simple and stable finite-difference routine, which does not assume analyticity, accepts the circuit function in the formal s-polynomial ratio form. The passage of a completely arbitrary waveform through linear, amplitude-modulation, or angle-modulation networks is reduced to a few minutes' computation with a standard program. Nonlinearities, time delays and noise can easily be accommodated, and a special simplification is outlined for servomechanisms.
High-power Gunn-effect oscillators using epitaxial GaAs
- Author(s): G. King and M.P. Wasse
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 314 –315
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660264
- Type: Article
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p.
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–315
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The construction of oscillators from thin epitaxial layers of GaAs is described. Tests on several experimental samples have been made, and peak powers of over 14W have been obtained at C band. Curves are presented relating the drive voltage to parameters such as frequency, efficiency and power output for a typical sample.
Circle criterion and the damped Mathieu equation
- Author(s): P.C. Parks
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, page: 315 –315
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660265
- Type: Article
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Measurement of pulse-modulated r.f. power by sequential comparison with a reference
- Author(s): D.W.G. Bradstreet and E.J. Griffin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 316 –317
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660266
- Type: Article
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–317
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The letter describes a method of measuring the peak power of a pulse-modulated r.f. carrier of low, and possibly irregular, duty factor, by comparison with a reference carrier switched on for a predetermined fraction of the intervals between pulses.
External light modulation with low microwave power
- Author(s): H. Brand ; B. Hill ; E. Holtz ; G. Wencker
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 317 –318
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660267
- Type: Article
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–318
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External-light-modulation experiments with a new electro-optic microwave light modulator are described. A microwave power of 20 mW at 9.1 Gc/s was found to be sufficient for good signal recognition in a simple communication experiment.
Tree generation
- Author(s): M.T. Jong ; H.C. Lau ; G.W. Zobrist
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 318 –319
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660268
- Type: Article
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p.
318
–319
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An efficient method of generating all trees of a connected graph by using the concept of a cutset is presented. Any connected graph can be divided into simpler separate subgraphs by a cutset operation whose forests can be easily found. The trees of the whole graph can then be generated with ease and efficiency.
Design of universal logic circuits
- Author(s): I. Aleksander
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 319 –321
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660269
- Type: Article
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p.
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–321
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Logic circuits with n inputs, capable of performing 22n functions, have been studied. A particular function is selected by a binary message on 2n wires. A design theory is presented which involves fan-in and circuit delay as measures of merit.
Self-adaptive universal logic circuits
- Author(s): I. Aleksander
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 321 –322
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660270
- Type: Article
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p.
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–322
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A class of universal logic circuits which search through their functions is described. The design of a simple single-variable element is detailed as a means of illustrating the design principles of more complex multivariable elements.
Influence of magnetostatic-field profiles on magnetoelastic wavepaths
- Author(s): J.H. Collins and B. Yazgan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, p. 322 –323
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660271
- Type: Article
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p.
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–323
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Previously reported results on the 1 port (θ = 0) magnetoelastic delay characteristics observed at microwave frequencies, of an axially magnetised round rod of single-crystal yttrium–iron garnet loaded with polycrystalline yttrium-iron-garnet sleeves, are interpreted in relation to prevailing magnetostatic-field profiles and lens phenomena for magnetoelastic waves.
Erratum: Numerical method for the solution of waveguide-discontinuity problems
- Author(s): P.J.B. Clarricoats and K.R. Slinn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, page: 323 –323
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660272
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Statistical nature of the multiplication process
- Author(s): J.E. Brignell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 8, page: 323 –323
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660273
- Type: Article
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