Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 2, Issue 4, April 1966
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Volume 1 (1965)
Volume 2, Issue 4
April 1966
Microplasma breakdown in high-voltage p–n junctions
- Author(s): K.A. Maddex and M.R.P. Young
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, p. 129 –130
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660102
- Type: Article
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–130
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The voltage-breakdown characteristics of controlled-avalanche junctions demonstrate the presence of microplasmas whose bistable current-switching properties are described. Microplasmas are exhibited by both diffused and alloyed junctions. The relationship between the breakdown voltage of the first microplasma with temperature for 1500–1800 V junctions is similar to that reported for 7–128 V junctions.
Dependence of receiver noise-temperature measurement on source impedance
- Author(s): I.A. Harris
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, p. 130 –131
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660103
- Type: Article
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–131
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When calculating the uncertainty in measuring the effective input noise temperature Te of a receiver, it is essential to take account of the dependence of receiver noise on source impedance. This applies even when the receiver is adjusted for minimum Te with the nominal source impedance connected. The calculation is carried out, and an example is given.
Experimental verification of the theoretical behaviour of some ferrite structures
- Author(s): G. Gerosa and C.M. Ottavi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, p. 132 –133
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660104
- Type: Article
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–133
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The theoretical behaviour of some microwave ferrite structures has been experimentally verified by detecting the thermal rise produced by the dissipated r.f. power in certain characteristic regions.
Simultaneous determination of magnetic flux and electric charge
- Author(s): B.R. Gossick
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, page: 133 –133
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660105
- Type: Article
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The determination of magnetic flux and electric charge using a coil and capacitor is subject to the uncertainty relation.
Beam-loading susceptance
- Author(s): W.E. Lear
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, p. 133 –134
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660106
- Type: Article
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133
–134
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Computer solutions are obtained for the beam-loading susceptance produced by an electron beam traversing the gap between parallel conducting planes. Curves are presented showing average transit time versus space charge, and beam-loading susceptance versus space-charge-free transit time, with space charge as a parameter.
Active all-pass filter using a differential operational amplifier
- Author(s): J.E.B. Ponsonby
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, p. 134 –135
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660107
- Type: Article
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–135
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A circuit is presented for a first-order active all-pass filter using a single differential operational amplifier. The form of the transfer function is T(p) = (1 − p)/(1 + p).
NPL standard-interface module for remote data transfer
- Author(s): A.W. Nicholson and D.M. Holmes
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, p. 135 –136
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660108
- Type: Article
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–136
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A module is reported which increases the operating distance and/or data-transmission rates between two NPL standard-interface data-processing modules.
Nonlinear electroluminescence in thin metal–dielectric–metal structures
- Author(s): A. Tosser and P. Thureau
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, page: 136 –136
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660109
- Type: Article
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136
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A thin Al2O3–CaWO4 compound dielectric is sandwiched between an Al metal base and Au counterelectrode. Several resonances appear in the electroluminescent-luminance/structure-capacitance curves.
Scattering of long waves by a cylinder with an inhomogeneous sheath
- Author(s): R. Burman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, page: 137 –137
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660110
- Type: Article
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This note deals with a perfectly conducting infinitely long circular cylinder coated with a radially stratified sheath. Scattering of normally incident plane electromagnetic waves is considered at low frequencies, and a resonance condition is derived.
Comment on ‘Low-voltage light-amplitude modulation’ [and reply]
- Author(s): C.H. Clayson and J.M. Ley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, p. 138 –139
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660111
- Type: Article
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–139
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Extension of the state-space method to the analysis of discrete systems with finite delays
- Author(s): J.I. Soliman and A. Al-Shaikh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, p. 139 –141
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660112
- Type: Article
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This paper presents an extension of the state-space approach to the study of discrete systems with finite delays of any magnitude relative to the discrete interval. The use of the state-vector equations for obtaining the response between the sampling instants is also demonstrated.
Oscillations covering 4 Gc/s to 31 Gc/s from a single Gunn diode
- Author(s): J.E. Carroll
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, page: 141 –141
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660113
- Type: Article
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By changing the microwave circuitry, appreciable power at fundamental frequencies from 4 Gc/s to 31 Gc/s has been obtained from a single Gunn diode. A tentative explanation is given by assuming that the r.f. voltage is comparable to the bias voltage. The r.f. voltage then triggers both the formation and quenching of the high-field domain which is a characteristic feature of Gunn oscillations.
Ion/electron double-stream amplification
- Author(s): M.J. Eden and R.H.C. Newton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, p. 141 –142
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660114
- Type: Article
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–142
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This letter suggests that the 2-stream interaction will seriously affect the operation of a proposed 5-frequency parametric amplifier involving an ion and an electron beam.
Nanosecond breakdown time lags in a dielectric liquid
- Author(s): A.J. Beddow and J.E. Brignell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, p. 142 –143
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660115
- Type: Article
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p.
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–143
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Measurement has been made of breakdown time lags in n hexane at high stresses, and values of the order of 5ns have been obtained. The results support an earlier hypothesis that the formative time lag is normally distributed, in contrast with the recent findings of Rudenko and Tsvetkov.
Information processing by learning systems
- Author(s): M. Belis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, p. 143 –145
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660116
- Type: Article
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–145
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In this note, the formation of the stimulus–response inter-connection in a learning system is analysed. The system, a technical or a biological one, establishes this correspondence by processing the information fed back from the medium during the learning process. A utility criterion and a decision system are necessary, in order that the learning system selects the optimum response to a given stimulus.
Some low-leakage properties of silicon junction field-effect transistors
- Author(s): G.M. Ettinger
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, p. 145 –146
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660117
- Type: Article
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–146
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Factors governing the direct gate current in silicon field-effect transistors are reviewed, and a mode of operation which results in zero d.c. gate leakage is described. This leads to the postulation of a new d.c. equivalent circuit for the field-effect-transistor gate.
System which produces constant phase shift of a sinusoid irrespective of frequency
- Author(s): W. Gosling
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, p. 146 –147
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660118
- Type: Article
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–147
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A system is described which produces constant phase shift of a sinusoidal waveform, independently of the frequency of the wave. It employs a field-effect transistor, operating in the region of its characteristic where the channel is not pinched off, in a closed control loop.
Comparison of three simple field-effect-transistor models
- Author(s): J.S. Lamming
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, p. 147 –148
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660119
- Type: Article
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–148
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The electrical characteristics of junction-gate field-effect transistors with a uniform, linear and parabolic distribution of impurities in the channel region are compared. The uniform distribution corresponds to an alloyed p-n junction gate, while the other two are approximations to a diffused-junction gate.
Comparison of simple models of cylindrical and plane field-effect transistors
- Author(s): J.S. Lamming
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, p. 148 –150
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660120
- Type: Article
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–150
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The electrical properties of plane field-effect transistors with different assumed impurity-atom distributions in their channel regions, corresponding to either an alloyed- or a diffused-gate p-n junction, are compared with those of the cylindrical type, with a uniform distribution of impurities in the channel. It is shown that the electrical properties of different types of field-effect transistors with the same pinchoff voltage and transconductance are quite similar.
Digital filter with independent adjustable parameters for use with a general time-weighted mean-square error criterion
- Author(s): P.D. Roberts
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, p. 150 –151
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660121
- Type: Article
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This letter describes a method for representing a filter as a parallel system of finite-memory digital filters with gain factors which can be adjusted independently of each other. The filter is designed for use in self-optimising control systems or for process identification, where a general time-weighted mean-square error-performance criterion is employed.
Single-transistor oscillators with distributed RC networks
- Author(s): A. Manolescu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, p. 151 –152
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660122
- Type: Article
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–152
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Three single-transistor oscillators with distributed RC networks are presented. The design problem of these circuits is investigated, and generalised diagrams are given. The method may be applied also to other types of oscillators.
Determination of nonlinearity from its harmonic response
- Author(s): D.P. Atherton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, page: 152 –152
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660123
- Type: Article
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A simple method is given for determining the equation of an instantaneous single-valued nonlinear characteristic from measurement of the magnitude of its output harmonics in response to a sinusoidal input. The method, which relies on the orthogonality of the Cheby̅shev polynomials, gives the nonlinear characteristic as a power series in these polynomials, with the normalised input magnitude as argument. If desired, this can easily be written in terms of powers of the input.
Two structures to minimise sensitivity in active RC filters
- Author(s): Dieter Wolff
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, p. 152 –153
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660124
- Type: Article
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–153
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Two structures are given to realise active RC filters with minimum pole sensitivity by Horowitz and by Hakim. The active elements are a noninverting amplifier and a differential amplifier.
Synthesis procedure for, and characteristics of, one-port linear magnetoelastic dispersors
- Author(s): J.H. Collins and G.G. Neilson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, p. 153 –154
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660125
- Type: Article
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–154
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The necessity of an internal magnetic field with spatially constant gradient for a linear frequency–time delay property of θ = 0 magnetoelastic waves is demonstrated, and certain limitations on achievable time–bandwidth product are formulated. The internal-field configuration is approximated using a composite single-crystal/polycrystalline ferrimagnetic structure, and comparisons between theory and practice are drawn.
Phase and delay formulas and their relationship to measurement procedures for spin-elastic waves in ferrimagnetics
- Author(s): J.H. Collins and G.G. Neilson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, p. 154 –155
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660126
- Type: Article
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Phase, resonance and group-delay formulas are derived on a classical basis for small-signal spin–elastic waves propagating along the applied d.c. magnetic field in saturated nonellipsoidal geometry single-crystal ferrimagnetics. It is shown that both c.w. and pulse excitation, with shifting between adjacent resonances by frequency and the d.c. magnetic field, allow the group delay and internal magnetic-field profile, under certain restrictions, to be determined experimentally.
Sensitive S band travelling-wave phototube
- Author(s): J.R. Mansell and J.L. Phillips
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, p. 155 –156
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660127
- Type: Article
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A description is given of a travelling-wave phototube (t.w.p.) having an S 20 photocathode with a nominal frequency range 2–4 Gc/s. The power output and noise equivalent power of this tube are compared with other light detectors operating in a similar frequency range. A description is given of a light-communication link which has been set up employing the t.w.p. as detector.
Limiting behaviour of a thin plasma sheet for a transverse magnetic field
- Author(s): James R. Wait
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, page: 156 –156
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660128
- Type: Article
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It is shown that a thin magnetoplasma sheet behaves as if it were isotropic, provided that the conductivity is sufficiently high and the d.c. magnetisation is parallel to the sheet. The result lends confidence to the use of boundary or ‘jump’ conditions, which relate the electromagnetic fields on the two sides of the sheet.
Laser and microwave interferometric study of recombination in a highly ionised helium plasma
- Author(s): A.A. Newton ; J.M.P. Quinn ; M.C. Sexton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, p. 157 –158
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660129
- Type: Article
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A 3.3 μm helium–neon laser and 2.25 and 8.6 mm microwave interferometer systems have been used to measure electron densities over the range 1.8 × 1015 to 8 × 1011 electrons/cm3 in a decaying helium plasma without a confining magnetic field at gas pressures ranging from 82 mtorr to 1.2 torr. Collisional radiative recombination is considered to be the dominant mechanism of electron removal above a pressure of 700 mtorr.
Barker sequences
- Author(s): J.L. Douce
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, page: 159 –159
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660130
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Shock waves in a nonlinear delay line
- Author(s): F. Fallside and D.T. Bickley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, page: 159 –159
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660131
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Coaxial directional couplers with exceptional directivity and v.s.w.r. over wide frequency bands
- Author(s): I.A. Harris
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 4, page: 159 –159
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660132
- Type: Article
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