Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 2, Issue 2, February 1966
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Volume 2, Issue 2
February 1966
Frequency behaviour of exponential resonators
- Author(s): J.C. Matheau
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 45 –46
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660033
- Type: Article
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Exponential resonators are utilised in filters and matching networks. Sets of curves are given which avoid tedious calculations in many problems.
Noise amplification in varactor multipliers
- Author(s): D.J. Roulston
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 46 –47
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660034
- Type: Article
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The effect of amplitude noise or spurious signals in a varactor frequency multiplier is examined, and it is found that there is a relative ‘spurious’ power gain of about 2 between the input and output of a doubler. Experiments confirm this result.
Comment: Effect of some component tolerances and measuring errors on noise measurements
- Author(s): D. Woods
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 47 –48
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660035
- Type: Article
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Comments are made on a previous letter, and a simpler method of error analysis is suggested, together with an alternative treatment of the effect of switch loss and mismatch. Reference is also made to an alternative method of calibrating noise generators in terms of the equivalent-available-power concept, compared with the more usual method in terms of the available-power concept.
Matrix analysis of networks containing nullators and norators
- Author(s): A.C. Davies
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 48 –49
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660036
- Type: Article
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The nodal admittance matrix of a network containing nullators and norators may be obtained by a simple method from the nodal admittance matrix of the same network with the nullators and norators removed. Each nullator–norator pair in the network reduces the rank of the matrix by one.
Transformation of linear plant equations
- Author(s): H.H. Rosenbrock
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 49 –50
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660037
- Type: Article
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Comment on ‘RC active networks’ [and reply]
- Author(s): A. Antoniou and J. Gorski-Popiel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, page: 50 –50
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660038
- Type: Article
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Method of measuring the phase errors in linear frequency-modulated and pulse-compression radar systems
- Author(s): M.J. Withers
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 50 –51
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660039
- Type: Article
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A method is described of measuring small peak phase deviations from the required characteristic in linear frequency-modulated continuous-wave and pulse-compression radar transmissions. The method is particularly useful for measuring nonlinearities of the order of 1% in wide frequency sweeps.
Active filters and oscillators using simulated inductance
- Author(s): R.L. Ford and F.E.J. Girling
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, page: 52 –52
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660040
- Type: Article
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A new circuit for simulating an inductor is described. It uses standard voltage amplifiers and RC networks and is particularly suitable for use in high-pass filters and as a simple 2-phase oscillator circuit.
Implicit amplification in flip-flops
- Author(s): D.J. Grover
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 53 –54
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660041
- Type: Article
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The importance of direct current transfer between stages of switching circuits is illustrated with reference to conventional circuits using noncomplementary transistors. It is shown that an implicit configuration of flip–flop amplifier has particular advantages, which increase under worst-case design conditions.
Spectra of biternary digital f.m.
- Author(s): H.J. von Baeyer and T.T. Tjhung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 54 –56
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660042
- Type: Article
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Spectra of digital f.m. have been published recently for general n-level transmission. However, biternary signals, as used in p.c.m. systems, are not covered by the published formulas and require a special treatment. Spectrum density and spectrum distribution are derived for biternary transmission, numerical curves are presented for certain values of f.m. deviation, and the results are compared with ordinary binary transmission.
Microwave power measurement using the parallel-pump instability in yttrium–iron garnet
- Author(s): P.J.B. Clarricoats and J. McStay
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 56 –57
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660043
- Type: Article
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Some factors influencing the performance of a microwave-power-measuring instrument utilising the nonlinear parallel-pump instability in yttrium–iron garnet are discussed.
Measurement of gain and delay inequalities between the luminance and chrominance channels in colour television
- Author(s): M.W. Hill
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 57 –58
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660044
- Type: Article
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A recently proposed method of measuring gain and delay inequalities in colour television is subject to ambiguities when applied to links having certain other linear distortions. A method of resolving these ambiguities is described.
Lumped-parameter analogues of nonuniform RC distributed networks and lossless transmission lines
- Author(s): L. Gruner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 58 –60
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660045
- Type: Article
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Analogues of nonuniform RC distributed networks and lossless transmission lines are deduced, and their chain parameters are expressed in terms of the solutions of the associated voltage and current difference equations. It is shown that in many instances the above equations can be solved exactly, and an example includes the exponential, trigonometric, hyperbolic and other structures.
Transient and frequency response of the distributed RGC network
- Author(s): S.C. Dutta Roy and B.A. Shenoi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 60 –61
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660046
- Type: Article
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The distributed RGC network differs from the conventional distributed RC network in that its shunt capacitance is leaky; i.e. the dielectric layer used to realise the distributed capacitance is lossy. It is shown that the transient and frequency response of the distributed RGC network are superior to those of the distributed RC network. The price to be paid for this improved response is a sacrifice in the output level; this can be compensated to some extent by tapering the network, which also results in a further improvement in the transient and frequency response.
Tristable circuit with 4 ns switching time
- Author(s): D.M. Taub
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 61 –62
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660047
- Type: Article
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The circuit, using transistors and tunnel diodes, is intended as an output latch for fast computer stores. The triggering pulse switches it from its initial state to one of its other two states, depending on the polarity of the pulse, and it is then insensitive to further pulses until reset.
Control of undesirable higher-order modes excited at a conical-horn mouth
- Author(s): R.W. Breithaupt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 62 –63
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660048
- Type: Article
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A TE11 mode emerging from the mouth of a conical horn excites higher-order modes, which can adversely affect the radiation pattern. This effect is substantially reduced over a 10% bandwidth by adding a series of resonant foam discs, which provide matching for the mouth and a filter passing only the desired mode over a suitable bandwidth.
Experimental verification of fox and Li patterns in open resonators
- Author(s): P.F. Checcacci ; A.M. Scheggi ; G. Toraldo Di Francia
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 63 –64
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660049
- Type: Article
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An experiment with a microwave open resonator of the Fabry–Pérot type is described. The field distribution of the fundamental mode has been accurately determined. A very good agreement has been found with the distributions computed by Fox and Li. It has been verified that flatness and alignment requirements are extremely critical and can explain the well known difficulty of obtaining in practice the Fox and Li patterns.
Nonlinear distortion in common-emitter transistor amplifiers operated in the normal domain
- Author(s): Mohamed A.H. El-Said
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 64 –66
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660050
- Type: Article
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Three nonlinear-distortion sources are analysed separately for polarity and magnitude of harmonics. If magnitudes are small, the resultant harmonic from these sources is the vector sum of its separated magnitudes. Universal charts are computed, to design amplifier circuits with simultaneous zero second and third harmonics. Experiments on an OC44 confirmed the theory, giving 2.5 mW with second to sixth harmonics better than −75 dB, power gain 40 dB, and no feedback or push-pull.
Comment: Field-strength measurements in resonant cavities by perturbation techniques
- Author(s): A. Gilardini
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, page: 66 –66
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660051
- Type: Article
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Electromagnetic scattering by a cylinder with an inhomogeneous sheath
- Author(s): R. Burman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 66 –67
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660052
- Type: Article
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This letter deals with a perfectly conducting infinitely long circular cylinder coated with a radially stratified sheath. Scattering of normally incident plane electromagnetic waves is considered. A certain profile of permittivity in the sheath is taken, leading to particularly simple results.
Calculation of transfer characteristics from measured harmonic levels
- Author(s): R.G. Medhurst
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 67 –68
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660053
- Type: Article
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Much has been published on the evaluation of harmonics and intermodulation products generated in nonlinear devices. The inverse problem, i.e. the derivation of the nonlinear characteristic from measured harmonic levels, is sometimes of interest, although it has been only sketchily treated in the literature. The present note supplies the fundamental formulas required for this problem.
Aperture field of a leaky-wave antenna of finite length
- Author(s): P.E. Green and J.R. Richardson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 68 –69
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660054
- Type: Article
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An anomaly in the radiation field of a leaky-wave slot antenna is apparent when experimental and theoretical results are compared. An investigation of the field along the aperture of the antenna, in which experiment is supported by theory, indicates that this is probably due to the continuous excitation of a TEM wave along the slot itself.
Change of lossless natural frequencies due to capacitor addition
- Author(s): R.W. Newcomb
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, page: 70 –70
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660055
- Type: Article
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It is shown that the addition of passive capacitors to a passive LC structure cannot increase the natural frequencies of the structure.
Coupling impedance for a rippled electron beam in a cylindrical guide carrying the E01 mode
- Author(s): R.B. Dyott
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 70 –72
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660056
- Type: Article
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A hollow beam of electrons, injected into an axial magnetic field from a field-free region, has a diameter which varies periodically at the cyclotron frequency. An expression is derived for the coupling impedance between such a rippled beam and the fast E01 mode in a cylindrical waveguide.
Current distribution and input impedance of an infinite cylindrical antenna in anisotropic plasma
- Author(s): Y.T. Lo and S.W. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 72 –73
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660057
- Type: Article
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New type of cavity resonator for piezoelectric surface excitation of acoustic waves at microwave frequencies
- Author(s): J. Lamb and J. Richter
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 73 –74
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660058
- Type: Article
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A description is given of a method of exciting acoustic waves in a piezoelectric crystal using a double-tuned cavity resonator. At one resonant frequency the electric field is sensibly tangential to the crystal surface, while, at the other resonance, this field is essentially normal to the crystal surface. In contrast to previous methods of excitation, this leads to good exponential decay over a large number of successive reflections in the crystal rod.
Randomised aerial-pattern autocorrelation function
- Author(s): P.A. Matthews and K. Essuman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, page: 75 –75
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660059
- Type: Article
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The angular autocorrelation function of a circular-aerial radiation pattern has been measured. This shows that, even for a non-beam-forming radiation pattern, angular discrimination appropriate to the size of the aerial can be achieved by finding the autocorrelation function of the pattern.
Topological analysis of general linear networks
- Author(s): A. Prabhakar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 75 –77
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660060
- Type: Article
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A topological formula is given for the network determinant of an electrical network whose graph does not necessarily possess an edge-admittance or edge-impedance matrix. The application of the formula involves the listing of subgraphs known as tree–cotrees and the evaluation of the sign associated with each tree–cotree.
Phase-shifting\nonmaximal sequences: modulo-2 adders
- Author(s): G. Hoffmann De Visme and D.H. Green
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 77 –78
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660061
- Type: Article
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The shift-and-add property is usually considered in terms of linear binary msequences. After rigorously defining the property, it is shown that a less rigid form of it applies to all linear sequences. A brief description is given of two modulo-2 adders using less components than their conventional counterpart.
Establishment of irredundant prime implicants in Boolean minimisation techniques
- Author(s): S.L. Hurst
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 78 –79
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660062
- Type: Article
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This note details a numerical method whereby redundant terms in a binary minimisation programme may be detected and hence eliminated. The method is in contrast to mapping or chart methods, and hence is amenable to digital-computer programming if desired.
Circular-aperture pattern with ultralow sidelobes
- Author(s): S. Cornbleet
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 79 –80
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660063
- Type: Article
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The radiation pattern from a circular aperture with symmetrical inphase illumination can be described by a Neumann series of the form Σ{anJn(u)/u}. A trial series of patterns with variable an has given one pattern in which the sidelobe level is nowhere greater than −47 dB in the computed range u ≤ 15. The aperture distribution required to obtain this pattern is derived by a simple synthesis technique applicable to this form of series description of the radiation pattern.
Erratum: High-frequency pulse rise in slightly detuned synchronous single-circuit amplifiers
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 2, page: 80 –80
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660064
- Type: Article
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