Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 19, Issue 15, 21 July 1983
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Volume 19, Issue 15
21 July 1983
Short-coupled-cavity (SCC) InGaAsP injection lasers for CW and high-speed single-longitudinal-mode operation
- Author(s): Chinlon Lin ; C.A. Burrus ; R.A. Linke ; I.P. Kaminow ; J.S. Ko ; A.G. Dentai ; R.A. Logan ; B.I. Miller
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 561 –562
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830382
- Type: Article
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CW and high-speed (100 ps pulse) single-longitudinal-mode operation has been achieved with a short-coupled-cavity (SCC) InGaAsP injection laser (in the 1.3 μm to 1.55 μm spectral range) consisting of a short (50–80 μm) cleaved laser and a short (30–80 μm) external air resonator with a high-reflectivity mirror. The SCC laser resonator combines the advantages of both a short-cavity laser and a coupled-cavity laser for effective mode selection. Single-mode operation has been maintained at modulation rates of 2 Gbit/s.
Reduction of preamplifier noise induced measurement errors in radiometers
- Author(s): M. Spaude and B. Schiek
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 563 –564
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830383
- Type: Article
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A method is described to eliminate measurement errors in a radiometer set-up which are caused by correlation between the input and output noise waves of the preamplifiers in the case of a mismatched object.
Hydroxyl concentration profile in low-loss graded-index fibres
- Author(s): W. Heitmann and M. Wittmann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 564 –565
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830384
- Type: Article
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Low OH-contamination in graded-index fibres was achieved by thin barrier layers of fluorine-doped silica and by chlorine drying in the preform collapse phase. A maximum of OH-concentration was found in the fibre core centre. Attenuation values of about 0.30 dB/km were measured between 1550 nm and 1600 nm.
Electrical measurements on silver-diffused InP
- Author(s): B. Tuck and R. Chaoui
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 565 –567
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830385
- Type: Article
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Electrical measurements were made on n-type InP before and after diffusion with silver. No change was observed in the electron concentration and it is proposed that most of the silver atoms in the bulk were in the form of positive interstitial ions, giving rise to deep donor states.
Thermally accelerated degradation of 1.3 μm BH lasers
- Author(s): Y. Nakano ; M. Fukuda ; H. Sudo ; O. Fujita ; G. Iwane
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 567 –568
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830386
- Type: Article
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–568
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An investigation has been made into the thermally accelerated degradation in ACC lifetests for 1.3 μm BH lasers. The CW threshold current under high-stress aging has been evaluated at various temperatures. An increase in the CW threshold current was observed which could be represented as a combination of two linear variations. It was found that the rapid increase of the CW threshold current was dependent on the evaluation temperature, which could be an important parameter in assessing the degradation of InGaAsP lasers.
Electric-field-shielding layers formed by oxygen implantation into silicon
- Author(s): S. Nakashima ; M. Akiya ; K. Kato
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 568 –570
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830387
- Type: Article
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The electric-field-shielding effect was found in a layer consisting of a mixture of polycrystalline silicon and silicon oxide formed by oxygen ion implanatation. The layer was formed between the buried SiO2 and the upper Si layer, which improved characteristics for MOSFETs fabricated using SIMOX (separation by implanted oxygen) technology. By forming this layer, the threshold voltages for the MOSFETs were almost independent of substrate bias. Drain-to-source breakdown voltages for the p-MOSFETs and n-MOSFETs were raised to 250 V and 180 V, respectively.
Numerical investigation of soliton interaction
- Author(s): B. Hermansson and D. Yevick
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 570 –571
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830388
- Type: Article
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–571
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We display numerical results confirming that soliton-soliton interaction is large for soliton separations less than ten times the pulse width. The relative phase of the interacting soliton is a critical factor, however, so that multiplexed solitons will display random fluctuations in pattern shape.
Generation of codes with good autocorrelation properties
- Author(s): M.J. Rutter and P.M. Grant
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 571 –572
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830389
- Type: Article
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The letter describes a conceptually simple method of generating impulse equivalent burst and cyclic codes, using an all-pass autoregressive moving average (ARMA) filter. These infinite impulse response burst codes may be converted into cyclic codes of arbitrary length, while retaining their low autocorrelation time sidelobe performance. Their extension to orthogonal coding is explored.
Topology-finite-element method for solving electromagnetic field problems
- Author(s): Song Guoxiang and Shi Huli
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 572 –574
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830390
- Type: Article
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The topology-finite-element method has been proposed for solving electromagnetic field problems. This method is characterised by a higher degree of simplicity and standardisation in comparison with the finite-element method. On the other hand, the mathematical model derived by this method is proved to be simple and of evident geometric and physical significance as well, thus creating favourable conditions for making optimal designs in engineering science.
Electro-optic sampling with picosecond resolution
- Author(s): B.H. Kolner ; D.M. Bloom ; P.S. Cross
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 574 –575
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830391
- Type: Article
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p.
574
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The development of an electro-optic sampling system with resolution of better than 2 picoseconds and shot noise limited sensitivity of 11 μV/√Hz is reported. This system has been used to characterise GaAs photodiodes which have exhibited pulsewidths as short as 5.4 picoseconds (full-width-half-maximum).
Accuracy of design data for microstrip of unequal widths in an inhomogeneous medium
- Author(s): C.E. Smith
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 575 –576
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830392
- Type: Article
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575
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The purpose of the letter is to present numerical data for the characteristic impedance of microstrip of unequal widths in an inhomogeneous medium to ascertain the accuracy of existing design data. Comparisons are made with published data for the case of a homogeneous medium in an effort to determine the region validity of this data.
General sensitivity formulas for lossless two-ports
- Author(s): H.J. Orchard ; G.C. Temes ; T. Cataltepe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 576 –578
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830393
- Type: Article
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Simple first-order sensitivity relations, which give the effects of component-value variations, losses and stray elements in both singly and doubly terminated lossless two-ports, are introduced. They provide a generalisation of some earlier results, and also lead to some new formulas. They are also applicable to active-RC and switched-capacitor filters modelled on doubly terminated lossless ladder two-ports.
Reduction of temperature and vibration sensitivity of a polarimetric current sensor
- Author(s): J. Lizet ; S. Valette ; D. Langeac
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 578 –579
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830394
- Type: Article
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p.
578
–579
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We present a new type of Faraday-effect current sensor using a twisted single-mode fibre as the probe. The temperature drift is cancelled by a ‘double-twist’ configuration, and the sensitivity to vibrations and bends is drastically reduced by use of polarisation-maintaining fibres as the input and output connecting leads.
Limitations of looped-line scheme for overcoming wired-or glitch effects
- Author(s): D.M. Taub
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 579 –580
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830395
- Type: Article
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p.
579
–580
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The letter makes some general observations on the occurrence of glitches on wired-OR lines, and points out the limitations of a recently proposed scheme for avoiding their ill-effects. Possible alternatives are discussed, one being an extension of the proposal in question.
Resolution improvement in refracted near-field index measurement by a lens-shaped liquid cell
- Author(s): T. Müller
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 580 –582
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830396
- Type: Article
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p.
580
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The resolution of the refracted near-field measurement method for optical-fibre refractive-index profiles has been improved by a factor of about three by simply using a lens-shaped liquid cell and an oil immersion objective. The resulting optimum resolution is below 0.2 μm and at 0.633 μm wavelength with polarisation normal to the refractive index gradient.
Fabry-Perot cavity type 1.5 μm InGaAsP BH-laser amplifier with small optical-mode confinement
- Author(s): T. Mukai ; T. Saitoh ; O. Mikami ; T. Kimura
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 582 –583
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830397
- Type: Article
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p.
582
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A 1.5 μm InGaAsP buried-heterostructure laser amplifier having small optical-mode confinement was fabricated with a Fabry-Perot cavity configuration. Its signal gain, saturation output power and noise characteristics were studied and found to be superior to those for AlGaAs amplifiers, as a result of small optical-mode confinement.
Fabrication of SiO2-TiO2 glass planar optical waveguides by flame hydrolysis deposition
- Author(s): M. Kawachi ; M. Yasu ; T. Edahiro
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 583 –584
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830398
- Type: Article
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p.
583
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Low-loss SiO2TiO2 planar waveguides of 0.1 dB/cm have been fabricated by flame hydrolysis deposition suitable for mass-production. A CO2 laser was used to make a stripe waveguide structure for loss measurements.
Isolation spectra for laser diode optical switch
- Author(s): M. Ikeda
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 584 –586
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830399
- Type: Article
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p.
584
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Isolation spectra for a GaAlAs laser diode optical switch were measured directly by using a tunable light source. Isolation was higher than 60 dB in the 200 Å wavelength region. Theoretical isolation spectra, calculated by the GHLB-SME model, were coincident with the measured isolation spectra.
230–271 GHz cryogenic radiometer
- Author(s): B.N. Ellison and D.R. Vizard
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 586 –587
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830400
- Type: Article
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p.
586
–587
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The letter describes a cryogenic millimetre-wave heterodyne radiometer developed at the Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory and used for radio astronomical observations on the United Kingdom infra-red telescope, Hawaii. Single-sideband-system noise temperatures of 1600 and 1900 K have been achieved at frequencies of 230 and 271 GHz, respectively, with the system cooled to 77 K.
Variability of mobile radio path loss in Auckland at 465 MHz
- Author(s): G.B. Rowe ; A.G. Williamson ; B. Egan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 588 –589
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830401
- Type: Article
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A series of field trials in Auckland at 465 MHz have confirmed that the variability of mobile radio path loss is approximately normally distributed and can, therefore, be represented by a standard deviation. This standard deviation has been found to be dependent on the mobile terminal's environment and on frequency, but is essentially independent of base-station antenna height and path length. Standard deviations have been measured as 5.2, 4.4, 5.4 and 5.2 dB for rural, suburban, light urban and urban environments, respectively.
Middle IR As-S and As-Se glass fibres with optical losses lower than 1 dB/m
- Author(s): A.V. Vasiliev ; E.M. Dianov ; V.G. Plotnichenko ; V.K. Sysoev ; A.M. Bagrov ; P.I. Baikalov ; G.G. Devyatykh ; I.V. Scripachev ; M.F. Churbanov
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 589 –590
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830402
- Type: Article
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p.
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Arsenic sulphide and arsenic selenide optical fibres have been fabricated and investigated. The minimum optical losses were 0.58–0.71 dB/m in the 3.4–4.7 μm region.
Attenuation measurements on MOCVD-grown GaAs/GaAlAs optical waveguides
- Author(s): R.G. Walker and R.C. Goodfellow
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 590 –592
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830403
- Type: Article
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We report loss measurements on MOCVD-grown GaAs/GaAlAs optical waveguides, by sequential cleaving with allowance for Fabry-Perot resonator effects. Upper bound values are 1.4 dB/cm for strip-loaded and 2.5 dB/cm for fully etched ridge waveguides.
Novel collision detection technique for CSMA/CD based fibre-optic local area networks
- Author(s): S. Moustakas and H.-H. Witte
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 592 –593
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830404
- Type: Article
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A novel and simple collision detection technique for CSMA/CD based fibre-optic local area networks is reported. The method is suitable for both passive and active ring and star configured systems. All collisions are detected in ring networks. In star networks, approximately less than 1% of collisions, depending on the system parameters, cannot be detected.
GaInAsP/InP buried-heterostructure optical waveguides at a 1.5 µm wavelength
- Author(s): O. Mikami ; H. Nakagome ; T. Saitoh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 593 –595
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830405
- Type: Article
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Buried-heterostructure GaInAsP/InP optical waveguides at a 1.5 μm wavelength have been fabricated and a propagation loss of 2–2.5 cm−1 was obtained.
Characteristics of wire-space-type submarine optical cable
- Author(s): Y. Kimura ; Y. Murakami ; K. Noguchi ; K. Ishihara
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 595 –596
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830406
- Type: Article
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A new type of submarine optical cable, called wire space cable, is proposed for utilisation in shallow sea areas. In the cable, optical fibres are inserted into spaces formed between stranded wires, which are used as tension members. It has been found from a cable pulling test that nonarmoured cable elongation at 8000 m in water depth is 0.3% and armoured cable elongation at 6000 m is 0.5%. Furthermore, a hydraulic pressure test has shown that single-mode-fibre loss at 1.3 μm wavelength does not increase up to a water depth of 2700 m.
Relevance of complex normalisation in precision reflectometry
- Author(s): D. Woods
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 596 –598
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830407
- Type: Article
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p.
596
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The high accuracy now being claimed for precision reflectometers, calibrated with air-dielectric line standards, lead to a significant difference between reflection coefficients normalised to a nominal real characteristic impedance and the complex characteristic impedance of these standards. Examples are given of the spirals obtained with variable-length lines at 300 MHz.
Selective implantation of GaAs for MESFET applications
- Author(s): M.H. Badawi ; D.R. Dunbobbin ; J. Mun
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 15, p. 598 –600
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830408
- Type: Article
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p.
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A novel selective ion-implantation technique compatible with capless annealing is described. The process consists of coating the GaAs wafer with a thin layer of titanium over which photoresist can be applied and delineated several times for a number of selective implantation steps. The use of a titanium barrier layer avoids any contamination of the GaAs surface by ion-hardened photoresist. Depletion-mode MESFETs with selectively implanted channel and n+ contacts have been fabricated using this technique. Implantation through the titanium layer produced no degradation in pinch-off voltage uniformity over 2 in-diameter wafers.
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