Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 18, Issue 15, 22 July 1982
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Volume 18, Issue 15
22 July 1982
Effects of mode conversion on backscattering measurements of multimode optical fibres
- Author(s): P. di Vita
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 637 –638
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820434
- Type: Article
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The effects of mode conversion on measurements by the backscattering technique is investigated. Analytical relations are obtained in practical cases. Although differences on the power decay deduced between the backscattering and a direct technique are evidenced, some procedures to obtain a reliable loss coefficient are suggested.
Suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering during transmission of high-power narrowband laser light in monomode fibre
- Author(s): D. Cotter
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 638 –640
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820435
- Type: Article
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A method is described for transmitting narrowband laser radiation over long lengths of monomode fibre at high power levels without suffering nonlinear attenuation due to stimulated Brillouin scattering. The technique could be applied to long-distance coherent optical data transmission.
Orientation- and polarisation-dependent cutoff wavelengths in elliptical-core single-mode fibres
- Author(s): K.-F. Klein and W.E. Heinlein
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 640 –641
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820436
- Type: Article
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The direct measurement of cutoff wavelengths from the spectral dependence of the near-field intensity distribution has been improved by selectively exciting the first higher-order mode and applying it to elliptical-core single-mode fibres. Depending on the orientation and polarisation of the first higher-order mode, four different cutoff wavelengths have been identified.
Finite-element approximation of electromagnetic diffraction by arbitrarily shaped surfaces
- Author(s): A. Bendali ; D. Clair ; J. Tourneur
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 641 –642
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820437
- Type: Article
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–642
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A general finite-element method is applied to compute the skin current of a perfectly conducting surface illuminated by an incident electromagnetic wave. Surface charges over any element and currents flowing through any edge are approximated by polynomials of degree m. Some radiation patterns of two horns are calculated and compared with those obtained from experiment.
Fundamental-mode cutoff in depressed inner cladding fibres
- Author(s): M. Monerie
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 642 –644
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820438
- Type: Article
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We give simple and accurate formulas for the computation of the cutoff wavelength of the fundamental mode for depressed inner cladding fibres.
Ga1−xAlxAs material for high-sensitivity pressure sensors
- Author(s): A.K. Saxena
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 644 –645
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820439
- Type: Article
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The resistivity of n-type Ga1−xAlxAs alloys has been found to be very sensitive to both the purely hydrostatic and small nonhydrostatic pressures. For some alloy compositions, the resistivity variation with pressure is almost linear. For typical alloy composition x = 0.23, the coefficients are ∼ 1.7 kbar−1 and ∼ −0.15 kbar−1 for low (P ≲ 18 kbars) and high pressures (P > 18 kbars), respectively. For the same composition, the temperature coefficients of resistivity are ∼ 4.3 × 10−3 K−1 and ∼ 0.22 K−1 for temperature intervals 300 > T > 125 K and T < 125 K, respectively.
Radiation patterns in far field from two H-plane coupled rectangular microstrip antennas
- Author(s): C.M. Krowne
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 645 –647
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820440
- Type: Article
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Numerically determined far-field radiation patterns are found for H-plane mutual coupling between two rectangular microstrip antennas. A simple closed-form radiation model is used in the analysis.
Modal dispersion in single-mode fibres: simple approximation issued from mode spot size spectral behaviour
- Author(s): P. Sansonetti
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 647 –648
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820441
- Type: Article
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We report a simple and accurate approximation of modal dispersion in single-mode optical fibres deduced from spectral behaviour of mode spot size; neither knowledge of index profile nor of maximum refractive index difference are required in this approximation.
Observation of low noise in a passive fibre gyroscope
- Author(s): W.K. Burns ; R.P. Moeller ; C.A. Villarruel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 648 –650
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820442
- Type: Article
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We report short-term noise levels of < 1 deg/h and 10 min drift of < 2 deg/h in a passive fibre gyroscope utilising a fused 3 × 3 fibre coupler and a broadband and partially polarised superluminescent diode. Partially polarised operation of the source is shown to result in less noise than polarised operation.
102 km optical fibre transmission experiments at 1.52 μm using an external cavity controlled laser transmitter module
- Author(s): K.H. Cameron ; P.J. Chidgey ; K.R. Preston
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 650 –651
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820443
- Type: Article
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The operation of a 1.52 μm external cavity controlled laser transmitter module over 102 km of monomode fibre at 140 Mbit/s is reported. The laser emission is restricted to a single longitudinal mode by the external cavity, resulting in a system penalty of less than 0.5 dB.
Thermal wave imaging through radio frequency induction heating
- Author(s): J. Saniie ; M. Luukkala ; A. Lehto ; R. Rajala
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 651 –653
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820444
- Type: Article
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Radio frequency (RF) induction heating is used in order to generate thermal waves in conducting materials. This technique is applied to measure the thickness of tungsten-carbide plasma coating on stainless-steel plates. The letter briefly discusses major advantages and disadvantages of RF induction heating.
Characteristics of anodic native oxide MIS diodes of In0.53Ga0.47As
- Author(s): J. Shirafuji ; M. Amano ; M. Inoue ; Y. Inuishi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 653 –654
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820445
- Type: Article
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Anodic native oxide has been formed on In0.53Ga0.47As layers lattice-matched to InP substrate. Auger analysis of the oxide layers and capacitance/voltage characteristic measurements of MIS diodes are carried out. A U-shaped distribution of the density of surface states, the minimum of which is located at Ec-0.15 eV and is about 2.2 × 1012 cm−2eV−1, is observed.
New method of approximating the acceptable region of nonlinear resistive networks
- Author(s): A. Macura and J. Rutkowski
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 654 –656
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820446
- Type: Article
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A new method for finding an initial approximation of the region Rc common to both the acceptable region Ra and feasible region Rf of a nonlinear resistive network is described. This approximation gives a very good starting point for further approximation of Rc, for example by simplicial approximation. The method is illustrated by an example.
InGaAsP/InP Schottky collector phototransistor
- Author(s): M. Naitoh ; S. Sakai ; M. Umeno
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 656 –657
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820447
- Type: Article
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The letter describes the first successful InGaAsP/InP transistor with an n-InP emitter, a p-In0.73Ga0.27As0.63P0.37 base and an Au Schottky collector. The device exhibited an optical gain in excess of 100 and an optical switching characteristic. The fabrication procedure is presented in the letter.
Fluoride glass preforms prepared by a rotational casting process
- Author(s): D.C. Tran ; C.F. Fisher ; G.H. Sigel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 657 –658
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820448
- Type: Article
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p.
657
–658
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A new approach has been developed to fabricate fluoride-glass-cladded fibres from preforms having controlled core/clad ratios and uniform cladding thicknesses. In contrast to earlier casting methods, preform core/clad ratios remained unchanged over the entire length of all preforms. The new method also permits fabrication of much larger preforms.
Generalised ICCG method for solution of asymmetric, sparse, linear systems of discretised semiconductor device equations
- Author(s): F.Y. Chang and L.F. Wagner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 658 –660
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820449
- Type: Article
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p.
658
–660
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The ICCG (incomplete Choleski and conjugate gradient) method has been generalised for solving large-scale systems of linear equations whose coefficient matrices are highly sparse and asymmetric. The generalised method has been successfully tested on matrices with randomly generated elements and is found to be very efficient for two- and three-dimensional device simulations.
Image transmission through a single optical fibre by colour coding
- Author(s): G.T. Liang ; F. Facq ; J. Arnaud
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 660 –661
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820450
- Type: Article
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Two-dimensional image transmission through a single multimode fibre has been performed using colour coding. The correspondence between image points and colours is achieved with the combination of dispersive prisms and fibre bundle convertors. The light source is an ordinary tungsten lamp. The reconstructed 10 × 10 image can be seen by the naked eye.
750 MHz microstrip bandpass filter on barium tetratitanate substrate
- Author(s): G. Ohm and G. Schmöller
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 661 –663
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820451
- Type: Article
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–663
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A bandpass filter with a centre frequency of 750 MHz and a bandwidth of 52 MHz is described. The filter consists of 5 parallel-coupled microstrip sections realised on a barium tetratitanate substrate (εr = 37). A flat passband and high-attenuation stopbands are obtained. The measured response agrees with theoretical predictions.
Theoretical analysis for V(z) curves obtained by acoustic microscope with line-focus beam
- Author(s): J. Kushibiki ; A. Ohkubo ; N. Chubachi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 663 –664
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820452
- Type: Article
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663
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A theoretical analysis is developed for V(z) curves obtained by a nonscanning reflection acoustic microscope system using a line-focus beam which is formed by an acoustic lens with a cylindrical concave surface. Numerical calculations are made for a ZY-sapphire and compared with the experimental results at 179 MHz. From the comparison, it is confirmed that the shape and the dip interval in the V(z) curves can be explained well by the theory developed here.
Transverse current on strip dipole antenna
- Author(s): A.D. Wunsch
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 664 –666
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820453
- Type: Article
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The distribution of the current flow transverse to the axis of a small strip dipole antenna is evaluated numerically.
Uniform analogue to digital conversion of a normal random process
- Author(s): G.M. Papadourakis and F.J. Taylor
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 666 –668
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820454
- Type: Article
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A method which minimises the noncompanded quantisation error, associated with the uniform analogue to digital conversion of a normally distributed random variable, is presented. The theoretical derivations are verified experimentally.
Effect of leaky SAW parameters on V(z) curves obtained by acoustic microscopy
- Author(s): J. Kushibiki ; A. Ohkubo ; N. Chubachi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 668 –670
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820455
- Type: Article
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V(z) curves are measured by a reflection-acoustic-microscope system in the nonscanning version. As for V(z) curves, leaky SAWs at the interface of water/solid are known to play an important role. In the letter, the effect of leaky SAW parameters, i.e. phase velocity and attenuation factor, has been numerically analysed on V(z) curves. The numerical calculation is performed for an acoustic line-focus-beam lens by introducing an idealised reflectance function where only a solution of leaky SAW is taken into consideration. It is clarified that the interval of dips and the shape of V(z) curves are strongly affected by the phase velocity and the attenuation factor, respectively.
Monte-Carlo simulation of space-charge injection FET
- Author(s): R. Fauquembergue ; M. Pernisek ; E. Constant
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 670 –671
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820456
- Type: Article
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Results of Monte-Carlo simulation of a new type of transistor, the space charge injection FET, are reported. Owing to the use of submicron undoped active regions, it seems possible to achieve low values of gate capacitance associated with high values of transconductance leading to a gain-bandwidth product close to the submillimetric wavelength range.
Iterative approach to multivariable control
- Author(s): J. Hickin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 671 –673
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820457
- Type: Article
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An iterative technique is proposed for the design of control inputs for linear multivariable systems. Using aggregation to reduce the problem size at each step, compensation can be accomplished in as few as N steps, where N is the controllability index of the system. For controllable systems, arbitrary pole placement is possible subject only to mild restrictions. Applications to deadbeat control and minimal-order observers are illustrated.
Influence of waveguide dispersion in fluoride glass fibres
- Author(s): K.C. Byron
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 673 –674
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820458
- Type: Article
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The dispersive properties of step-index fluoride glass fibres have been evaluated using a computer model. The results show that, by a suitable choice of core diameter and index difference in these materials, the dispersion can be reduced to zero over a broad wavelength range.
Low-frequency noise reduction in SC ladder filters
- Author(s): F. Maloberti and F. Montecchi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 674 –676
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820459
- Type: Article
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The low-frequency noise in SC ladder filters can be reduced by using a time-sharing technique. An example of a single-op-amp, second-order lowpass filter illustrates the design approach to obtaining a total noise suppression at frequencies near to zero.
Regenerative switching device using MBE-grown gallium arsenide
- Author(s): C.E.C. Wood ; L.F. Eastman ; K. Board ; K. Singer ; R. Malik
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 676 –677
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820460
- Type: Article
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A new form of two-state switching device is proposed which is formed entirely within the semiconductor bulk during epitaxial growth. The predicted switching action is demonstrated using MBE-grown gallium arsenide and the device is shown to have optical sensitivity. The device is amenable to simple design rules and is free of the ‘forming’ state often associated with the tunnel MIS switch.
Floating voltage-controlled resistors in CMOS technology
- Author(s): M. Banu and Y. Tsividis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 678 –679
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820461
- Type: Article
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p.
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A method for implementing floating voltage-controlled resistors in CMOS technology is proposed. The method takes advantage of the cancellation of the first-order nonlinearities of two MOS transistors in physical proximity.
Optical coupling in coaxial fibres
- Author(s): J.R. Cozens ; A.C. Boucouvalas ; A. Al-Assam ; M.J. Lee ; D.G. Morris
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 679 –681
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820462
- Type: Article
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The fabrication and successful operation of a coaxial optical-fibre directional coupler is described, in which a single-mode rod guide is coupled to a phase-matched, concentric, tube guide.
Excess delay factor associated with dominant poles of trimmed distributed RC networks
- Author(s): A.R. Analouei ; A.J. Walton ; N.G. Burrow
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 681 –683
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820463
- Type: Article
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A new technique for calculating the excess delay factor associated with the finite dominant pole approximation of the open-circuit voltage transfer function of trimmed uniform distributed RC networks is reported. This technique is based on Elmore's definition of the delay time which is associated with the transient response of the system. This response is then used to calculate a number of dominant poles and their associated delay factors. These are used to obtain the frequency and phase response of the network which is then compared with that obtained from a steady-state analysis.
Simple field calculation for monomode optical waveguides
- Author(s): S. Geckeler
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 683 –684
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820464
- Type: Article
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By combining the idea of equivalent-step-index profiles (ESI) with well known approximations by Stewart and by Rudolph-Neumann, and using simplified expressions for Bessel and Hankel functions, field calculations for monomode optical waveguides become simple enough to be carried out on any small desk-top computer. A Basic program is supplied.
Frequency control of ultrasonic transducers
- Author(s): R. Clarke ; D. Midgley ; C.R. Weston
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 684 –685
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820465
- Type: Article
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A new method using phase-locked loops is based on extracting a second harmonic from the electrical input to a mechanical vibrator, for maintaining maximum output during sudden changes of load or temperature. This eliminates the tendency of such systems to jump in frequency to an unwanted mode of vibration.
Comment: Low-noise state-space realisation of bandpass active filter
- Author(s): J.R. Carey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 685 –686
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820466
- Type: Article
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Reply: Low-noise state-space realisation of BP active filter
- Author(s): E.J.P. May and H.H. Mehdi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 18, Issue 15, p. 686 –687
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19820467
- Type: Article
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