Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 17, Issue 7, 2 April 1981
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Volume 17, Issue 7
2 April 1981
Design of twin-T single amplifier building block with prescribed values of capacitors and minimum gain-sensitivity product
- Author(s): M. Biey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 7, p. 249 –250
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810176
- Type: Article
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p.
249
–250
(2)
Equations are supplied for the design of a widely known active filter building block, namely the twin-T single-amplifier building block (TT-SABB), when used as a frequency rejection network in its standard form. Through the proposed equations, the required value of pole and zero frequency and pole Q are realised by assigning free preferred values to the capacitors and then computing the resistor values for minimum gain-sensitivity product.
Fibre light acceptance for modified near field technique
- Author(s): D.H. Irving ; F.A. Donaghy ; P.V.H. Sabine
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 7, p. 250 –252
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810177
- Type: Article
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p.
250
–252
(3)
The light acceptance properties of fibre samples prepared for the modified near field scan technique are derived. The effect of limiting the imaging lens NA and of varying the sheath refractive index will also be discussed.
Birefringence measurement in twisted single-mode fibres
- Author(s): M. Monerie and P. Lamouler
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 7, p. 252 –253
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810178
- Type: Article
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p.
252
–253
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A simple method is described for the determination of the modal birefringence in single-mode fibres. Measurement of the state of polarisation for various twist rates on a straight short-length fibre give the birefringence Δβ and the elasto-optic coefficient g. Linearly or circularly polarised input light can be used. The measurement range spreads from 10 to 1040/m. Comparisons are made with previously reported methods.
Delay reduction techniques in phase-locked loop amplifiers
- Author(s): C.J. Ward
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 7, p. 253 –255
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810179
- Type: Article
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p.
253
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A satisfactory solution to the problem of providing loop gain with low delay has been developed and successfully applied to a microwave phase-locked system. The technique utilises simple circuitry and gives superior performance compared with conventional high speed thick-film amplifier alternatives.
Nulling performance of null-steering arrays with digital phase-only weights
- Author(s): F. Ananasso
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 7, p. 255 –257
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810180
- Type: Article
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p.
255
–257
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After a brief description of various application capabilities offered by phased array techniques, a simulated analysis is presented of null-steering arrays using microwave digital phase-only weights, i.e. in the presence of phase quantisation errors. It is shown that sufficiently good nulling performances requires only a small number of bits.
New technique to improve antenna measurements in the presence of site reflections
- Author(s): D.R. Hill
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 7, p. 257 –258
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810181
- Type: Article
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p.
257
–258
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Accuracy in antenna pattern measurements is affected by the quality of the testing site. Stray reflections can be particularly troublesome if they distort the uniformity of the field required in the region of the test antenna. A novel technique to improve the performance against these effects is presented and discussed.
5–18 GHz, 3 dB hybrid coupler
- Author(s): H.Q. Tserng and S.R. Nelson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 7, p. 258 –259
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810182
- Type: Article
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258
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Design parameters and performance are described for a three-section 5–18 GHz, 3 dB hybrid coupler on a quartz substrate.
High speed 2-bit analogue-digital convertor using LiNbO3 waveguide modulators
- Author(s): S. Yamada ; M. Minakata ; J. Noda
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 7, p. 259 –260
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810183
- Type: Article
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p.
259
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A Ti-diffused LiNbO3 waveguide optical circuit, whose element is a balanced bridge modulator, was fabricated for application in a 2-bit analogue-digital (AD) conversion system. Using this device with a 0.8 μm wavelength pulsed laser diode, up to 240 Msamples/s high bit rate AD conversion operations were successfully achieved.
Effect of field amplitude taper on measured antenna gain and sidelobes
- Author(s): R.C. Hansen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 7, p. 260 –261
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810184
- Type: Article
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p.
260
–261
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Amplitude taper of the field of a pattern measurement range produces gain and sidelobe values lower than the true values. A calculation is made using one-parameter distributions, for which the gain can be found in closed form, thereby avoiding the errors in previous calculations. For small tapers both gain errors and sidelobe level errors are linearly proportional to taper (dB). These results are useful in the design of pattern ranges, especially for very low sidelobe antennas, where the amplitude taper is more critical.
Lower bound on one shot error probability
- Author(s): D.B. Hoang and G.C. Goodwin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 7, p. 261 –262
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810185
- Type: Article
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p.
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A number of upper and lower bounds have been described in the literature for the error performance of digital communication channels for the case of white output noise.1.2 In this letter a lower bound on the probability of error for one shot communication over a general linear channel with coloured noise is derived.
Multiplexing system for fibre optic sensors using pulse compression techniques
- Author(s): A.R. Nelson ; D.H. Mcmahon ; H. van de Vaart
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 7, p. 263 –264
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810186
- Type: Article
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p.
263
–264
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A passive multiplexing system for fibre optic sensors has been implemented using SAW pulse compression filters. This approach has demonstrated a 25 dB improvement in sensitivity as compared with prior passive time domain optical multiplexing techniques.
Characteristics of broadside-coupled microstrip lines with iso/anisotropic substrates
- Author(s): A.G. D'Assunção ; A.J. Giarola ; D.A. Rogers
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 7, p. 264 –265
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810187
- Type: Article
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p.
264
–265
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A quasistatic analysis of broadside-coupled microstrip lines using a series form expression of Green's function and the method of moments is described. Characteristic impedances, effective permittivities and ratios between phase velocities for the even and odd modes were obtained for various values of strip widths, W/b, spacings between strips, s/b, and for isotropic and anisotropic substrates.
General analysis of bilinear SAW convolvers
- Author(s): D.P. Morgan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 7, p. 265 –267
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810188
- Type: Article
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p.
265
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A general analysis for bilinear devices is derived, showing that such devices can be characterised by a two-dimensional frequency response or by a real two-dimensional impulse response. The forms of these functions for an ideal SAW convolver are given. It is shown that in general the output signal/noise ratio of a convolver depends on the timing of the input signal.
Analysis of 11 GHz slant path fade duration and fade slope
- Author(s): F. Dintelmann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 7, p. 267 –268
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810189
- Type: Article
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p.
267
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The letter presents results of an analysis of fade slope and fade duration data collected at 11 GHz within the framework of the OTS propagation experiments in Europe. Evidence is given of the fact that on a statistical basis, fade slope and fade duration are related. This could possibly be used in uplink power control systems.
Optical fibre connectors using a fused and drawn multi-glass-rod arrangement
- Author(s): S. Nagasawa and H. Murata
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 7, p. 268 –270
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810190
- Type: Article
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p.
268
–270
(3)
New demountable single-fibre and multifibre connectors have been constructed whose plugs include a precision multi-glass-rod arrangement, made by drawing, for locating the fibres and aligning pairs of plugs. The single-fibre and 6-fibre connectors exhibit an average insertion loss of 0.2 dB with index matching and an average off-axis of 3.5 μm. The connectors are potentially cost-effective and reliable.
Effect of masking geometry on gain of bipolar transistors
- Author(s): S.A. Abbasi and A. Brunnschweiler
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 7, p. 270 –271
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810191
- Type: Article
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p.
270
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The gain of a double diffused bipolar transistor is found to depend upon the masking pattern. Experimental results show a significantly large systematic difference in the gains of transistors of different size and surrounding masking oxide geometry.
Design technique for low-current generators
- Author(s): R.W.J. Barker and B.L. Hart
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 7, p. 271 –273
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810192
- Type: Article
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p.
271
–273
(3)
The interconnection of a complementary rail-supply-insensitive PTAT current source and a lightly saturated transistor facilitates the design of a low-current source of predictable strength using a monolithic bipolar technology. The technique can deliver an output current of a few microamperes with a total circuit resistance of 1 kΩ.
Spectral characteristics of semiconductor laser diodes coupled to optical fibres
- Author(s): A. Dandridge and R.O. Miles
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 7, p. 273 –275
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810193
- Type: Article
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p.
273
–275
(3)
The spectral properties of the light emerging from a single mode fibre coupled to a single mode diode laser has been measured as a function of the fibre length. Reflections from the rear face of the fibre are shown to produce line broadening and satellite modes. For fibres in excess of ~150 m, back-scattering along the fibre core appears to be sufficient to generate satellite modes.
Experimental validation of exact design of switched-capacitor ladder filters
- Author(s): H.A. Rafat and J. Mavor
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 7, p. 275 –276
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810194
- Type: Article
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p.
275
–276
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Experimental results validating a recently introduced exact theory for switched-capacitor lowpass ladder filters are presented. The prototype filter is a third-order Butterworth design using a low sampling/filter-cutoff ratio of 8.28 and has been fabricated in monolithic form.
Switched capacitor analogue delays comprising unity gain buffer
- Author(s): J.J. Mulawka
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 7, p. 276 –277
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810195
- Type: Article
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p.
276
–277
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Two realisations of switched capacitor analogue delays are described which use a unity gain buffer and precision ratioed capacitors. The delays can be configured to implement any type of sampled-data recursive filter response.
Le maillage rectangulaire et le changement de maille dans la méthode TLM en deux dimensions (Rectangular meshing and mesh change in the 2D TLM method)
- Author(s): P. Saguet and E. Pic
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 7, p. 277 –279
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810196
- Type: Article
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p.
277
–279
(3)
L'utilisation de mailles rectangulaires et le changement de maille dans la méthode TLM en deux dimensions permet de réduire le temps de calcul sur ordinateur dans de grandes proportions pour de nombreux problèmes. La théorie est exposée et des résultats sont donnés pour des structures ‘fin-line’.The letter shows how the introduction of rectangular meshes, and of a variable-size mesh process in the original 2-dimensional TLM method, leads to a dramatic reduction of the needed CPU time. The theoretical aspects of these modifications are given, as well as some numerical results obtained for 'fin-line' structures.
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