Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 16, Issue 19, 11 September 1980
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Volume 16, Issue 19
11 September 1980
Neutralised ion beam milling: anomalous sputter yield behaviour
- Author(s): C.W. Pitt and S.P. Singh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 721 –722
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800512
- Type: Article
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An experimental examination of charge-neutralised ion beam etching of a range of thin-film and bulk materials indicates an oscillatory etch rate function superimposed on the accepted sputter-yield/ion-beam-energy characteristic. The perturbation was affected by the beam neutralisation.
Nondestructive measurement of axially nonsymmetric refractive-index distribution of optical fibre preforms
- Author(s): T. Okoshi ; M. Nishimura ; M. Kosuge
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 722 –724
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800513
- Type: Article
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A nondestructive computer-aided measurement of the arbitrary two-dimensional refractive-index distribution of an optical fibre preform is described. The angle of refraction of rays in the preform is measured by an optical set-up which features the use of a triangular mask for converting the angle of rays to their displacement. The index distribution is computed from the information on these refraction angles.
C.C.D./C.M.O.S. transversal filter using switched-capacitor technique for signal detection
- Author(s): Y. Ito ; T. Maekawa ; T. Yamamoto ; K. Tanikawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 724 –725
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800514
- Type: Article
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A fully integrated c.c.d. filter has been built with a low power consumption. The c.c.d. filter employs c.m.o.s. support circuits and switched-capacitor techniques for signal detection. The power consumption of the filter is 20 mW.
Prediction of flip-flop behaviour in metastable state
- Author(s): G. Lacroix ; Ph. Marchegay ; N. al Hossri
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 725 –726
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800515
- Type: Article
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Two easy experimental measurements carried out on the fundamental gate of a logic family are presented which allow us to foresee the behaviour of the same technology latch circuit in its metastable state produced by a marginal triggering.
Efficient miniature s.a.w. convolver
- Author(s): B.J. Darby ; D.J. Gunton ; M.F. Lewis ; C.O. Newton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 726 –728
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800516
- Type: Article
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We report the development of a miniature s.a.w. convolver with bandwidth 90 MHz, interaction time 12 μs, and high efficiency, the output power being −73 dBm for 1 dBm inputs. The overall size is 80 × 14 × 5 mm.
Birefringence in slightly elliptical optical fibres
- Author(s): R.A. Sammut
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 728 –729
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800517
- Type: Article
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The accuracy of first-order approximations to the degree of birefringence of monomode fibres is examined by calculating the magnitude of second-order corrections. It is found that, for most fibres encountered in practice, the first-order result is perfectly adequate.
Trapped-energy flexural mode filter
- Author(s): V.L. Strashilov ; V.P. Hinkov ; K.P. Bransalov
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 729 –730
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800518
- Type: Article
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–730
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An electromechanical filter using trapped-energy flexural modes in a rectangular plate is proposed. The filter is amenable to fabrication by planar techniques and it can operate in the l.f. range, including the voice band. Bandwidth is easily controllable. A considerable gain in size can be obtained with respect to flexural bar filters.
Cryogenic 2–4 GHz f.e.t. amplifier
- Author(s): B. Vowinkel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 730 –731
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800519
- Type: Article
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A cryogenic single-stage broadband f.e.t. amplifier with an average noise temperature of 34 K (0.5 dB) over a bandwidth of 2 GHz has been developed. The average gain is 12 dB. The best spot noise temperature is 17 K (0.25 dB) at 3.2 GHz, which is competitive with cryogenic parametric amplifiers.
New microstrip slot radiator for medical applications
- Author(s): I.J. Bahl ; S.S. Stuchly ; M.A. Stuchly
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 731 –732
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800520
- Type: Article
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A microstrip slot radiator for local heating of biological tissue operating at 2.45 GHz was designed and tested. The radiator is well matched within a relatively wide range of frequencies (v.s.w.r. < 1.5 for 2.45 ± 0.3 GHz) and provides energy deposition within an area of about 1.5 cm × 1 cm.
Influence of multipath fading in 4 Φ-c.p.s.k. systems
- Author(s): T.T. Cung ; M. Lecours ; H.T. Huynh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 733 –734
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800521
- Type: Article
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The letter presents some analytical and numerical results relative to the performance of a 4Φ-c.p.s.k. system in the presence of additive Gaussian noise and of multipath fading represented by a two-ray model with random phase difference.
Noise generated in switched capacitor networks
- Author(s): Cl.-A. Gobet and A. Knob
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 734 –735
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800522
- Type: Article
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734
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It is shown that the noise generated in a passive first-order switched-capacitor lowpass filter has its origin in the thermal noise of the m.o.s. transistors' on-resistance. The spectral description of this noise at the output of the filter is given. The measurements made on a discrete laboratory model show good correspondence with the analytical results and confirm the noise model established.
GaAs varactors for linear tuning characteristics
- Author(s): A. Colquhoun ; E. Kohn ; W.J. Rabe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 736 –737
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800523
- Type: Article
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A GaAs u.h.f. varactor diode featuring linear tuning characteristics over part of its tuning range (450–750 MHz) is reported. The packaged diode has a series resistance of 270 mΩ at 600 MHz, with 95 mΩ due to the GaAs epitaxial layer. The design of the diode is presented together with technological details of its construction.
Performance of sputtered SiO2 film as acoustic antireflection coating at sapphire/water interface
- Author(s): J. Kushibiki ; T. Sannomiya ; N. Chubachi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 737 –738
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800524
- Type: Article
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The effect of sputtered SiO2 films as an acoustic antireflection coating for matching the large acoustic discontinuity at the sapphire/water interface is experimentally and theoretically investigated in a frequency range of 200 to 1100 MHz. By the introduction of SiO2 films, the transmission loss of more than 9 dB at the interface is reduced to less than 1 dB at a quarter-wavelength frequency of SiO2 film with high reproducibility.
AlGaAs transverse junction stripe laser with distributed Bragg reflector
- Author(s): H. Kawanishi ; M. Hafich ; B. Lenz ; P. Petersen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 738 –740
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800525
- Type: Article
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(3)
A new longitudinal mode stabilised AlGaAs transverse junction stripe laser with distributed Bragg reflector has been fabricated. Stabilised single longitudinal mode operation was obtained; temperature dependence of the lasing wavelength for the d.b.r. t.j.s. laser was 0.5 Å/°C.
Reflection and radiation of flanged circular dielectric rod
- Author(s): C. Fray ; N. Khayata ; A. Papiernik
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 740 –741
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800526
- Type: Article
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–741
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The reflection coefficients of a circular dielectric rod terminated by a metallic flange are computed by the Hankel transform for the TE01 mode. The field distribution in the half space is determined by taking the inverse Hankel transform of the field components. Therefore the field produced by a circular diathermy applicator can be determined theoretically.
Automatic aperture performance measurement for high speed analogue–digital convertors
- Author(s): K. Gardner and P.T. Johnson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 741 –742
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800527
- Type: Article
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A technique for assessing the dynamic aperture performance of high speed analogue–digital convertors is proposed which treats the test unit as a black box. Details of data processing and analysis are included which give a performance measure in terms of effective convertor resolution.
Crosspolarisation characteristics of linear comb-line microstrip antennas
- Author(s): A.K. Brown
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 743 –744
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800528
- Type: Article
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Microstrip antennas are a subject of increasing interest in the microwave antenna field, and the comb-line antenna is particularly attractive for medium to low sidelobe level operation. However, the crosspolarisation properties of such structures have not been discussed previously, although these are of importance where the suppression of sidelobes in all polarisation planes is required. A mainly experimental investigation is described into the crosspolarisation characteristics of comb-line antennas, and criteria for crosspolarisation suppression are derived for particular board characteristics at 4.3 GHz.
Wavelength sensed mode control of semiconductor lasers
- Author(s): D.J. Malyon ; D.W. Smith ; R.W. Berry
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 744 –746
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800529
- Type: Article
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A wavelength detector suitable for use with semiconductor laser packages has provided control of laser emission wavelengths to better than 0.1 Å. Special features of the detector have also enabled mode hopping, gain profile shift and end of single-mode lifetimes to be observed.
Single-mode operation of 500 Mbit/s modulated AlGaAs semiconductor laser by injection locking
- Author(s): S. Kobayashi ; J. Yamada ; S. Machida ; T. Kimura
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 746 –748
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800530
- Type: Article
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Single-mode operation of an AlGaAs double heterostructure semiconductor laser directly modulated at 500 Mbit/s data rate was realised by injection locking. The power ratio of central injected mode to total spectrum power was 94%.
Excitation of steady-state power distribution in parabolic-index fibres by Gaussian TEM00-beam
- Author(s): E.G. Sauter and G.K. Grau
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 748 –749
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800531
- Type: Article
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At z = 0 a power distribution may be excited by a Gaussian TEM00 beam in a parabolic-index fibre in which each group of modes with a given propagation constant carries the same power as prescribed by Olshansky's steady-state distribution. This power distribution, however, still depends on both mode numbers ν, μ. Such an excitation may be advantageous for measuring losses in fibres and coupling elements.
Capacitor-coupled logic using GaAs depletion-mode f.e.t.s
- Author(s): P.J.T. Mellor and A.W. Livingstone
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 749 –750
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800532
- Type: Article
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A new method of interconnecting depletion-mode GaAs f.e.t. logic stages, using capacitive coupling, eliminates the need for a negative power supply and is more tolerant of processing spreads, particularly of pinch-off voltage. The technique may be combined with conventional level shifting, operating at very low current. The use of capacitance may be extended to achieve clocked dynamic data storage with very low power dissipation.
p-i-nf.e.t. hybrid optical receiver for 1.1–1.6 μm optical communication systems
- Author(s): D.R. Smith ; A.K. Chatterjee ; M.A.Z. Rejman ; D. Wake ; B.R. White
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 750 –751
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800533
- Type: Article
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The fabrication of low capacitance v.p.e. InGaAs/InP p-i-n photodiodes having a high responsivity up to 1.6 μm wavelength is described. The receiver sensitivities of the p-i-n f.e.t. hybrid receiver for a 280 Mbit/s system, measured at 1.3μm and 1.5 μm are −38.9 dBm and −39.4 dBm,respectively.
Duobinary transmission with p-i-n f.e.t. optical receivers
- Author(s): M.J. O'Mahony
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 752 –753
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800534
- Type: Article
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–753
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Duobinary transmission in a fibre optic system using a p-i-n f.e.t. high impedance receiver has been investigated theoretically and practically. For high bit rates the method gives a sensitivity improvement of 1.5 dB compared to a binary system operating at the same information rate.
Growth conditions to achieve mobility enhancement in AlxGa1−xAs-GaAs heterojunctions by m.b.e.
- Author(s): H. Morkoç ; L.C. Witkowski ; T.J. Drummond ; C.M. Stanchak ; A.Y. Cho ; B.G. Streetman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 753 –754
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800535
- Type: Article
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Modulation doped Al0.25Ga0.75As-GaAs heterojunctions have been prepared by molecular beam epitaxy (m.b.e.). Al0.25Ga0.75As layers were doped with Si to a level of ∼ 3 × 1017 cm−3, whereas the GaAs layers were either unintentionally doped, doped lightly n-type with Sn, or doped lightly p-type with Be. Heterojunction structures having single and multiple periods have shown enhanced mobility only with the AlxGa1−xAs layer at the surface and the GaAs layer underlying. These results represent the first report that electrons spill over only into the underlying GaAs layer from the top AlxGa1−xAs layer.
Comparison of two iterative estimation procedures
- Author(s): P. Stoica
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 754 –756
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800536
- Type: Article
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Two iterative estimation methods, a well known instrumental variable method and a less well known least-squares method, are shown to have asymptotically similar local properties. The global properties of the methods are, however, quite different. The first method will in general have better global properties and this may be an important advantage in many applications.
Optimal phases of maximal length sequences for asynchronous spread-spectrum multiplexing
- Author(s): F.D. Garber and M.B. Pursley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 756 –757
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800537
- Type: Article
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Optimal phases are given for maximal length linear feedback shift-register sequences (m-sequences) of periods 31 and 63 which are to be employed as signature sequences in an asynchronous direct sequence spread-spectrum multiple access communications system. The performance measure considered is the average signal/noise ratio at the output of the correlation receiver. The data presented is applicable to various forms of direct sequence spread-spectrum modulation including binary phase-shift keying, offset quadriphase-shift keying, and minimum shift keying modulation.
Comment: Novel sinusoidal oscillator employing grounded capacitors
- Author(s): Vimal Singh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, p. 757 –758
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800538
- Type: Article
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A novel n.i.c.-based sinusoidal oscillator requiring only one amplifier is described. The circuit is suitable for producing low frequency voltage-controlled oscillations.
Comment: Novel active RC realisations of tunable floating inductors
- Author(s): Vimal Singh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 19, page: 758 –758
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800539
- Type: Article
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The purpose of the letter is to highlight a novel scheme for the simulation of a floating series RL impedance, in which the value of L can be conveniently controlled by a single potentiometer without affecting the value of R. In contrast to some recent circuits, the present one requires no more than one current conveyor (c.c.II; ix = −iz, iy = 0, vx = vy)
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