Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 15, Issue 24, 22 November 1979
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Volume 15, Issue 24
22 November 1979
Power spectrum of the balanced digital signal generated by Markov source
- Author(s): G. Petrović
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, p. 769 –770
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790548
- Type: Article
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p.
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–770
(2)
A class of balanced digital signals generated by 2N-state Markov source defined. It is shown that the power spectrum of this class of signals can be determined by the same algorithm as for the ordinary digital signal generated by Markov source, but with a benefit that the calculation procedure requires a matrix algebra in which the vectors and matrices have size N instead of 2N.
Realisation materielle des reseaux de Pétri generalises (Hardware implementation of generalised Petri nets)
- Author(s): M. Courvoisier ; J.P. Seck ; M. Courvoisier
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, p. 770 –772
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790549
- Type: Article
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p.
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–772
(3)
Cette lettre présente une réalisation matérielle des réseaux de Pétri généralisés. On considère ici des réseaux bornés dont les arcs entre places et transitions et transitions et places sont pondérés par des entiers positifs, et dont lea transitions peuvent être étiquetées.This letter describes a hardware implementation of generalized Petri nets. Bounded nets with arcs having positive integer weights and with labelled transitions are considered.
Extension of finite-element method to unbounded field problems
- Author(s): Shin Washisu ; Ichiro Fukai ; Michio Suzuki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, p. 772 –774
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790550
- Type: Article
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p.
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–774
(3)
An extension of finite-element method (f.e.m.) to unbounded field problems is proposed. It is a revision of methods presented by many authors. The results obtained by this technique are in good agreement with rigorous solutions.
Direct jitter measurement technique
- Author(s): P. Cochrane ; I.W. Barley ; J.J. O'Reilly
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, p. 774 –776
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790551
- Type: Article
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p.
774
–776
(3)
A jitter measurement technique is dscribed which provides a time and amplitude quantised histogram estimator for the probability density function of the transition times of a digital signal. Conventional statistical metrics are also obtained, so providing an accurate numerical description of jitter phenomena.
Detailed evaluation of an attainable repeater spacing for fibre transmission at 1.3 μm and 1.55 μm wavelengths
- Author(s): Kiyoshi Nakagawa and Takeshi Ito
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, p. 776 –777
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790552
- Type: Article
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776
–777
(2)
An attainable repeater spacing at 1.3 μm and 1.55 μm wavelengths using a step-index monomode fibre cable is given, after detailed consideration of total loss as well as total dispersion of an optical fibre. The longest attainable repeater spacing at 1 Gb/s is about 100 km at 1.55 μm wavelength using a single-mode laser diode and a monomode fibre with a relatively small core-cladding refractive index difference, e.g. about 0.2%.
Transition matrices in multiple preset experiments and initial state identification of synchronous sequential machines
- Author(s): Sunil R. Das ; Ping Chao ; Zen Chen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, p. 777 –779
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790553
- Type: Article
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Recently, in connection with the measurement and control of synchronous sequential machines, Das et al. proposed an approach to the solution of the problems using the transition matrix representation of the machine and its higher-order forms. In the proposed approach, however, the authors restricted themselves to only simple and preset experiments. Generally speaking, a simple preset experiment is rather easy to implement, though it suffers from the disadvantage that it tends to be lengthy, and sometimes does not provide the experimenter with the desired information. The letter develops a new approach to the solution of the initial state identification problem or diagnosing problem, which happens to be an important measurement problem in sequential machines through multiple preset experimentation, using the transition-matrix representation of the machine and other related concepts as provided in the paper by Das et al. The present approach, like the one suggested before, is also very systematic and completely algorithmic, and thus lends itself to easy computer implementation.
Trap localisation in the active layer of GaAs microwave f.e.t.s
- Author(s): D. Meignant ; D. Boccon-Gibod ; J.M. Bourgeois
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, p. 779 –780
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790554
- Type: Article
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779
–780
(2)
The localisation of traps in the active layer of GaAs microwave m.e.s.f.e.t.s has been effected for two different epitaxial materials. The method used in this work was a transient measurement of source-drain voltage associated with a simple theoretical model. Our results indicate that electron traps are localised in the bulk of the epilayer whereas hole traps are localised at the epilayer/buffer-layer interface.
Simple implementation of sampled-data filters using current multipliers, switches and capacitors
- Author(s): J.I. Arreola ; E. Sànchez-Sinencio ; Y.P. Tsividis ; P.E. Allen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, p. 780 –782
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790555
- Type: Article
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–782
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An approach is discussed for a simple implementation of sampled-data filters. The implementation uses m.o.s. current multipliers, switches and capacitors and is useful for the design of integrated m.o.s. analogue filters. Compared with other approaches, the filters designed with this method require smaller area, use no operational amplifiers and have no consumption of d.c. static power. An example is presented showing good agreement between experimental and theoretical results.
Form of Doppler processing for radars of random p.r.i. and r.f.
- Author(s): R. Benjamin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, page: 782 –782
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790556
- Type: Article
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A self-validating procedure ls outlined for the noncoherent combination of phase information from multiple radar pulses of random r.f. and p.r.i., for the precise measurement of range rate. The method is contingent on ‘point target’ and ‘point source’ assumptions.
Validity of two-path model for calculating quality of digital radio links; determination of model from measurements on analogue links
- Author(s): M. Rooryck
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, p. 783 –784
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790557
- Type: Article
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p.
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–784
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A two-path model is used to simulate propagation during multipath fading and to calculate the quality of digital radio links. The characteristics of the model are deduced from measurements made on the level of the pilot in f.m. radio links. Its use leads to bit error-rate statistics which are in good agreement with experimental results.
Phase centre of paraboloidal antennas
- Author(s): Y.H. Ja
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, p. 784 –785
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790558
- Type: Article
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p.
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A general expression for determining the phase centre in the principal H-plane, defined at any direction, of a paraboloidal antenna is obtained. Relations between the phase centre and the polar angle and various parameters are studied and plotted.
Vaporisation of GaAs during laser annealing
- Author(s): M.H. Badawi ; B.J. Sealy ; K.G. Stephens
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, p. 786 –787
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790559
- Type: Article
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p.
786
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It is found that when uncoated GaAs samples are irradiated with a Q-switched ruby laser, the samples suffer substantial weight losses for laser cnergy densities > 0·3 J/cm2. These weight losses are believed to result from the vaporization of the samples during the period in which the surfaces are in a molten state. The incomplete electrical activation of implanted ions in GaAs after laser annealing can be accounted for by the weight-loss phenomenon.
Reflection-mode amplifier utilising GaAs active-medium-propagation devices
- Author(s): P.L. Fleming and H.E. Carlson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, p. 787 –788
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790560
- Type: Article
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–788
(2)
This letter describes practical reflection-mode amplifiers utilising active-medium-propagation (a.m.p.) devices. A single-stage reflection-mode amplifier provided 24 dB gain and 350 MHz bandwidth at 15 GHz. A 2-stage reflection-mode amplifier provided 30 dB gain and 500 MHz bandwidth at 15 GHz.
Mixed time/frequency domain approach to model reduction
- Author(s): S.J. Varoufakis and P.N. Paraskevopoulos
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, p. 789 –790
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790561
- Type: Article
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p.
789
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The letter considers the problem of reducing the transfer function of a given system to a lower order. The approach proposed appears to be suitable in cases where both the frequency-domain and the time-domain characteristics of the given system are to be preserved in the reduced order model.
Method of bandwidth extension for the ruthroff transformer
- Author(s): R.T. Irish
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, p. 790 –791
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790562
- Type: Article
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p.
790
–791
(2)
Methods of extending the bandwidth of Ruthroff transformers are proposed. These go beyond previous methods of bandwidth extension.
Integrated bistable optical multivibrator using electrooptically controlled directional coupler switches
- Author(s): Hiromasa Ito ; Yoh Ogawa ; Kikuo Makita ; Humio Inaba
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, p. 791 –793
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790563
- Type: Article
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791
–793
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An integrated bistable optical multivibrator based on two electro-optical directional coupler switches has been realised for the first time using Ti: LiNbO3 waveguides with two crossed feedback loops. The analysis and operation of the basic optical flip-flop are presented, and different feedback conditions and loops should provide other types of optical multivibrators, e.g. monostable and astable.
Comment: Linear-phase digital anti-aliasing filter
- Author(s): E.V. Stansfield
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, page: 793 –793
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790564
- Type: Article
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Reply: Linear-phase digital anti-aliasing filter
- Author(s): S.E. Williamson ; W. Matley ; R.E.H. Bywater
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, p. 793 –794
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790565
- Type: Article
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–794
(2)
Analogue baseband TV transmission experiments using semiconductor laser diodes
- Author(s): Ken-Ichi Sato and Koichi Asatani
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, p. 794 –795
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790566
- Type: Article
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The transmission characteristics of analogue video signals are investigated by using semiconductor laser diodes. It is shown that the linearity degradation due to speckle noise depends on the optical-fibre types adopted. Based on this investigation, transmission over 32 km is carried out by using a 1·3 μm laser diode and single-mode fibres, with 46 dB unweighted s.n.r.
Field measurement of splice loss applying the backscattering method
- Author(s): P. Matthijsse and C.M. De Blok
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, p. 795 –797
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790567
- Type: Article
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(3)
A method it proposed to measure mean splice loss applying the back-scattering method from one end of the fibre link only. To eliminate the influence of the difference in back-scattering properties of the spliced fibres, each backscattering coefficient is measured separately beforehand.
Distortion of light signals transmitted via, multlmode graded-index fibres
- Author(s): Kristian Stubkjaer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, p. 797 –799
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790568
- Type: Article
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Light signals with very narrow spectra are randomly distorted when transmitted via multimode graded-index fibres. Detailed experimental results are given for the harmonic distortion, which can be as high as −20 dB, after transmission through 1 km of fibre. The distortion is reduced for laser sources with more longitudinal modes or fibres with higher dispersion.
Continuous measurement of electron density in unmagnetised plasmas by a self-oscillating probe
- Author(s): Roland Debrie and Jacques Pignard
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, p. 799 –800
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790569
- Type: Article
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p.
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We show experimentally that it if possible to measure continuously the electron plasma density using a mutual impedance probe working in a self-oscillating mode at the plasma frequency. The comparison of the experimental curves obtained in unmagnetised plasmas either in a classic sweep-frequency mode or in a self-oscillating mode emphasises the excellent accuracy of this new diagnostic method.
Ultra low resistance ohmic contacts to n-GaAs
- Author(s): R. Stall ; C.E.C. Wood ; K. Board ; L.F. Eastman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, p. 800 –801
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790570
- Type: Article
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Nonalloyed ohmic contacts to n-GaAs with contact resistances (ρc) below 1·0×10−7 Ω cm2 have been obtained using a Ge/GaAs heterojunction system. Metals are evaporated on heavily arsenic-doped germanium (Ge) layers grown on GaAs. Low values of ρc result from the low Schottky barrier height (≈ 0·50 eV) and the high doping levels obtainable for n-Ge(≈ 1020 cm−3).
Translinear circuit principle: reformulation
- Author(s): B.L. Hart
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, p. 801 –803
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790571
- Type: Article
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p.
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–803
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The ‘translinear circuit principle’, widely employed in the analysis and design of a class of precision monolithic analogue integrated circuits, is reformulated to extend its field of application.
Boundedness properties of nonlinear multivariable systems
- Author(s): S. Mossaheb
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, page: 803 –803
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790572
- Type: Article
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An earlier result is proved more concisely, and is extended to time-varying systems.
Characterisation of ternary threshold functions using a partial spectrum
- Author(s): Claudio Moraga
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, p. 803 –805
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790573
- Type: Article
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–805
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This communication shows that if a ternary threshold function is mapped on the unit circumference and is then expanded in a series using the orthogonal system of Chrestenson functions, a sub-spectrum of 2n+1 elements exists which uniquely characterises the function.
Three-dimensional ‘sandwich’ transducer modelling by finite-element method
- Author(s): H. Carru
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 24, p. 805 –806
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790574
- Type: Article
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A qualitative description is given of how 3-dimensional finite-element theory is applied to analyse the resonance of piezoelectric sandwich transducers. This technique yields maps of displacement along the various axes of the transducer and permits the calculation of equivalent electric circuit models.
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