Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 15, Issue 15, 19 July 1979
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Volume 15, Issue 15
19 July 1979
New approach to discrete phase-locked loop based on digital measurement of time intervals
- Author(s): Djurdje Perisic
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 445 –446
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790319
- Type: Article
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p.
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–446
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A new approach to the theory and design of the discrete phase-locked loop is proposed on the basis of digital measurement of time differences between pulses of the input and output pulse rates.
Asymptotic stability of differential multipass processes
- Author(s): D.H. Owens
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 446 –447
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790320
- Type: Article
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–447
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The recently developed concept of the asymptotic stability of linear multipass processes is applied to a general form of a linear time-invariant model. The analysis indicates that pass initial or boundary conditions have a significant and measurable effect on system stability. The models include differential-delay systems as a special case in which the derived stability criterion reduces to known frequency domain results.
Effect of Si3N4 encapsulation on the laser-annealing behaviour of GaAs
- Author(s): M.H. Badawi ; J.A. Akintunde ; B.J. Sealy ; K.G. Stephens
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 447 –448
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790321
- Type: Article
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–448
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When semi-insulating GaAs samples are coated with pyrolytically deposited Si3N4 layers and subsequently irradiated with a Q-switched ruby laser with energy densities > 0.3 J/cm2, it is found that a thin layer (0.1–0.25 μm) of the underlying GaAs substrates becomes n-type. This phenomenon may be the reason why, in previous work on laser annealing of donor implanted GaAs samples, the percentage electrical activity increased when samples were coated with Si3N4.
Optical-fibre tap with low insertion loss
- Author(s): F.R. Gfeller and U. Bapst
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 448 –450
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790322
- Type: Article
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–450
(3)
We report a fibre-tapping element which uses part of the insertion loss of a fibre connector or splice as useful optical signal power. A tapping fraction of up to 70% has been measured with a total insertion loss of 0.22 dB.
Microelectrodes for contacting semiconductor devices
- Author(s): M.V. Schneider and H. Berger
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 450 –451
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790323
- Type: Article
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–451
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Finely pointed wires are useful for contacting semiconductor devices, for field emitters and biomedical microprobes. An ‘electronic pencil sharpener’ has been developed in which a wire is shaped into a sharp point using spark erosion. The wires with a tip radius of 0.5–1 μn are highly suitable contacts to Schottky mixer diodes.
Alternative Kalman controllability criterion for nonderogatory systems
- Author(s): T.T. Ha and J.A. Gibson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 451 –452
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790324
- Type: Article
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–452
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Kalman's controllability matrix with multiple controls is rearranged to yield a different form of the controllability matrix for nonderogatory systems. The result is proved by expanding the modal forms of the controllability matrices.
Numerically reliable algorithm to test controllability
- Author(s): A. Varga
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 452 –453
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790325
- Type: Article
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–453
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A procedure to test the controllability (and stabilisability) of a matricial pair (A, B) is proposed. The procedure is based on the reduction of the initial problem to equivalent lower-dimensional problems. Rank computations are performed using the singular-value-decomposition routine from EISPACK, numerical reliability and efficiency being ‘built-in’ to the proposed algorithm.
InP-lnGaAsP planar avalanche photodiodes with self-guard-ring effect
- Author(s): K. Taguchi ; Y. Matsumoto ; K. Nishida
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 453 –455
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790326
- Type: Article
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–455
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Marked diode characteristics dependence on the distance between p-n junction and heterointerface in double heterojunction InP-InGaAsP planar a.p.d.s is described. In a diode with an optimised configuration, as high as 3000 maximum avalanche gain and less than 3×10−6 A/cm2 dark-current density at 0.9 VB are achieved.
Transfer impedance of braided coaxial cables under applied longitudinal torsion
- Author(s): M.M. Rahman ; J.E. Sitch ; F.A. Benson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 455 –456
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790327
- Type: Article
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The surface transfer impedance ZT of several braided coaxial cables was measured under applied longitudinal torsion to determine the electromagnetic shielding characteristics of the cables under such conditions. The results cover the frequency range 100 kHz to 150 MHz with torsion angles varying between 0°, +360° m−1 and −180°m−1. It was found that ZT increases with torsion angle and depending on the degree of optimisation in the braid, increases of up to 800% can occur at a torsion angle of 360° m−1. Further, when a cable is returned to its original position, after being subjected to torsion, the resulting value of ZT is higher than the original value.
Open-circuit to short-circuit switching: method for lifetime measurement in solar cells
- Author(s): S.R. Dhariwal ; Niranjan Basu ; Ranjana Gadre
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 456 –458
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790328
- Type: Article
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–458
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A new method is suggested for measurement of lifetime of photoinjected carriers in the base layer of a p-n junction solar cell. The cell is switched from the open-circuit to the shortcircuit mode of operation by using a negative voltage pulse. C.R.O. trace of the output voltage pulse provides a direct means for lifetime measurement.
Wide bandwidth microstrip antennas for circuit integration
- Author(s): P.S. Hall ; C. Wood ; C. Garrett
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 458 –460
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790329
- Type: Article
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p.
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–460
(3)
Novel multilayer concepts for the formation of efficient micro-strip antennas on alumina substrates that allow simple antenna/circuit integration to be achieved are described. Experimental results show that, by using these techniques, bandwidth in excess of 16 times those of alumina microstrip antennas can be obtained, at the expense of an increase in the overall antenna height.
800 MHz v.c.o. for land mobile radio synthesisers
- Author(s): Mitsuo Makimoto ; Kouji Nakabe ; Sadayuki Nishiki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 460 –461
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790330
- Type: Article
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–461
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A compact voltage-controlled oscillator, covering 1000 channels with a single range, has been designed and fabricated using GaAs varactor diodes. A c.n.r. of more than 76 dB with 25 kHz offset from carrier and an s.n.r.of more than 52 dB are obtained. Their performance characteristics are described.
Flip-chip mounted GaAs power f.e.t. with improved performance in X- to Ku-band
- Author(s): Y. Mitsui ; M. Kobiki ; M. Wataze ; M. Otsubo ; T. Ishii ; S. Mitsui
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 461 –462
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790331
- Type: Article
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–462
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A GaAs power m.e.s.f.e.t. with a new structure has been developed, which allows extremely reduced source inductances and minimised thermal resistance. In the structure, the chip, with metal posts plated on the source, drain and gate pads, is connected directly to the package with no wire. The best results obtained were 2.5 W at 15 GHz and 4.1 W at 12 GHz.
Novel g.i.c. suitable for RC active-filter applications
- Author(s): M.K.N. Rao ; J.W. Haslett ; L.T. Bruton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 462 –464
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790332
- Type: Article
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p.
462
–464
(3)
A novel generalised immitance convertor (g.i.c.) is described that uses a high-quality nullor-type analogue gain block. The usefulness of this g.i.c. is experimentally confirmed by means of a simulated-inductance high-order 20–24 kHz bandpass-filter implementation.
Information retrieval in the presence of speckle and quantum noise
- Author(s): P. Mohana Shankar and H.M. Gupta
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 464 –465
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790333
- Type: Article
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–465
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Effect of speckle and quantum noise on optical-information retrieval is studied in terms of error probability. It is shown that the presence of speckle increases the error probability considerably compared to that in the absence of it. The effect of more dark current of the photodetector is to increase the error probability further.
Comment: Inductance simulation and filter design using a single-pole amplifier approximation
- Author(s): E. Sánchez-Sinencio and D. Báez-López
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 465 –466
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790334
- Type: Article
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–466
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Reply: Inductance simulation and filter design using a single-pole amplifier approximation
- Author(s): J. Allen ; M. Gumussoy ; A.G.J. Holt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, page: 466 –466
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790335
- Type: Article
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More active RC filters using the d.v.c.c.s./d.v.c.v.s.
- Author(s): I.M. Filanovsky and K.A. Stromsmoe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 466 –467
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790336
- Type: Article
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–467
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Novel configurations using a differential-voltage-controlled current source, differential-voltage-controlled voltage source (d.v.c.c.s./d.v.c.v.s.) as the active building block are described. The configurations assume that the active building block is divided into two independent parts initially.
Backscattering measurements in optical fibres: separation of power decay from imperfection contribution
- Author(s): P. Di Vita and U. Rossi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 467 –469
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790337
- Type: Article
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p.
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–469
(3)
A very simple and effective method is proposed for separating the actual decay of optical power from contributions due to fibre imperfection in measurements using the backscattering technique.
Definitive profile-dispersion data for germania-doped silica fibres over an extended wavelength range
- Author(s): F.M.E. Sladen ; D.N. Payne ; M.J. Adams
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 469 –470
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790338
- Type: Article
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p.
469
–470
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New results are presented for the wavelength dependence of the profile-dispersion parameter P in optical waveguides fabricated from germanosilicate glasses. These results show that P is independent of both GeO2 concentration and thermal history of the glasses.
Ceramic capillary splices for optical fibres
- Author(s): Kiyoshi Nawata ; Yasuyuki Iwahara ; Nobuo Suzuki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 470 –472
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790339
- Type: Article
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p.
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–472
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A simple technique for splicing optical fibres is reported. The technique utilises a self-aligning ceramic capillary with inner dimensions slightly larger than the optical fibre. An average loss of below 0.1 dB is obtained for splices in graded-index and single-mode fibres with a 50 and 10 μm core diameter, respectively.
Comment: Simulation of inductors and capacitors using operational amplifier compensation pole: a caution
- Author(s): S. Srinivasan and K. Radhakrishna Rao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, page: 472 –472
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790340
- Type: Article
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Reply: Simulation of inductors and capacitors using operational amplifier compensation pole: a caution
- Author(s): B. Gilbert
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 472 –473
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790341
- Type: Article
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–473
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Nonlinear modelling of f.e.t.-input operational amplifiers
- Author(s): P. Bowron and A. Mohamed
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 473 –474
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790342
- Type: Article
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A square-law model for f.e.t.-input operational amplifiers is applied, by means of describing functions, to the evaluation of slew-induced distortion in a simple active filter. The computed frequency responses are validated by measurements at large signal levels.
Zero total dispersion in graded-index single-mode fibres
- Author(s): W.A. Gambling ; H. Matsumara ; C.M. Ragdale
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 474 –476
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790343
- Type: Article
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p.
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–476
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The combined effects of composite material dispersion, profile and waveguide dispersion can be made zero at a wavelength which depends on core diameter, refractive-index profile and composition. Wide bandwidths over large repeater spacings are therefore possible although close fabrication tolerances may be required.
Dispersion-free single-mode fibre in 1.5 μm wavelength region
- Author(s): Haruhiko Tsuchiya and Nobuyuki Imoto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 476 –478
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790344
- Type: Article
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p.
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–478
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The design of zero-dispersion single-mode silica fibre in the ultimate-minimum-loss wavelength region of the 1.5 μm wavelength is presented; the method used is the mutual cancellation of the material and waveguide dispersion. The baseband frequency response in the wavelength region is discussed by taking the core elliptical deformation into account.
Erratum: Estimation of linearly constrained parameters via the Kalman filter
- Author(s): J.E. Hudson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, page: 478 –478
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790345
- Type: Article
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Dispersion minimisation in single-mode fibres between 1.3 μm and 1.7 μm
- Author(s): L. Jeunhomme
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 15, p. 478 –479
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790346
- Type: Article
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The possibility of minimising total dispersion near 1.3 μm in truly single-mode fibres is examined. It is also shown that dispersion-free single-mode fibres can be obtained at 1.7 μm. More generally, we observe that the total dispersion can be cancelled at any wavelength between 1.3 μm and 1.7 μm.
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