Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 14, Issue 15, 20 July 1978
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Volume 14, Issue 15
20 July 1978
Method for the direct measurement of y-, z-, h- and g-parameters at microwave frequencies
- Author(s): K.L. Kotzebue
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 455 –456
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780305
- Type: Article
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p.
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–456
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A new measurement technique is presented that uses a modification of standard S-parameter instrumentation to directly measure y-,z-,h- andg-parameters at microwave frequencies. The required open-circuit and short-circuit terminations are created by the appropriate simultaneous application of the test r.f. signal to both ports of the device under test. Experimental results indicate the possibility of using this approach to improve the accuracy of 2-port characterisations at microwave frequencies.
Time-encoded speech
- Author(s): R.A. King and W. Gosling
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 456 –457
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780306
- Type: Article
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p.
456
–457
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A new method of digitising speech waveforms is described, based on the comparison of successive segments of the waveform with a suitably stored catalogue of possible distinct shapes.
Carrier profiling of InP
- Author(s): D.L. Lile and D.A. Collins
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 457 –458
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780307
- Type: Article
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p.
457
–458
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A liquid barrier contact to InP is described which may be used for the routine evaluation of carrier profiles on even highly doped samples.
Complex convolutions using rectangular transforms
- Author(s): N. Sridhar Reddy and V. Umapathi Reddy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 458 –459
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780308
- Type: Article
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p.
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Following the earlier technique1 and using the modular arithmetic, a method is proposed to compute error-free complex convolutions using rectangular transforms with reduced number of multiplications. Application of Chinese remainder theorem is suggested to implement the complex convolution with parallel digital machines of shorter word-length, thereby allowing higher speed with no increase in hardware.
High-density digital magnetic recording using the [5,6] alternating disparity block code
- Author(s): Martin Davidson and James L. Machamer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 459 –460
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780309
- Type: Article
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p.
459
–460
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An examination of reproduced waveforms indicates that the [5,6] code is not pattern sensitive.
Ion implantation of neon in silicon for planar amorphous isolation
- Author(s): J.A. Yasaitis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 460 –462
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780310
- Type: Article
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p.
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–462
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A new planar isolation technique for silicon integrated circuits is presented. The process uses neon implantation to create high-resistivity regions of amorphous silicon between active devices on a common substrate. Excellent surface planarity is obtained, and no high-temperature processing ii required. Results on test devices and an amorphous isolated m.n.o.s. capacitor memory are described.
Implementation of ternary identity cells using c.m.o.s. integrated circuits
- Author(s): H.T. Koanantakool
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 462 –464
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780311
- Type: Article
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462
–464
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Most of the ternary operators recently described are based on the identity cell and realised by c.m.o.s. integrated circuits. Three simpler designs of the identity cell are presented here: the 2-transistor inverter, the improved-speed 6-transistor cell and the all-c.m.o.s. micropower cell using only 12 transistors.
Exact field expressions for guided modes of a general class of graded-index fibres
- Author(s): G. Jacobsen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 464 –465
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780312
- Type: Article
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p.
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–465
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An exact solution of the scalar wave equation with respect to field expressions for guided modes given by evanescent fields is presented for a general class of graded-index fibre profiles. Numerical field calculations are simple in the total fibre-core region, as is clear from the results also shown here.
Time-dispersion measurement in optical fibre by near- and far-field scanning technique
- Author(s): G. Cancellieri
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 465 –467
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780313
- Type: Article
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p.
465
–467
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The time-dispersion measurement technique here reported, based on a differential mode-delay measurement, is a very simple one (only one modulation frequency is used); but, nevertheless, it has good features in accuracy and repeatability It allows investigation of the mechanisms of fibre time dispersion and the effect of leaky rays.
Three-dimensional finite-element method for solving electromagnetic problems
- Author(s): R.L. Ferrari and G.L. Maile
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 467 –468
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780314
- Type: Article
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p.
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A 3-dimensional numerical method of determining the vector fields within a closed lossless electromagnetic system is described. The method is used to find the dominant-mode resonant frequencies for two cases of a rectangular cavity partially loaded with dielectric.
Matrix Cauer form for linear system reduction
- Author(s): R. Parthasarathy and Sarasu John
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 468 –470
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780315
- Type: Article
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p.
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–470
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An algorithm employing the matrix continued fraction technique is proposed for the reduction of a high-order multiple-input multiple-output system, so as to achieve good approximation for both the transient and steady-state responses. The matrix formulation given here is new, and the method provides an additional tool for linear-system reduction. The procedure is amenable to digital computation.
White-light emission from GaAs m.o.s. structures
- Author(s): B. Bayraktaroglu and H.L. Hartnagel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 470 –472
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780316
- Type: Article
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p.
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–472
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Emission of light from GaAs m.o.s. structures with anodic native oxides is reported. The spectrum is continuous, covers the visible range and has substantial parts that have higher photon energies than the GaAs energy gap. A part of the emission therefore seems to originate from the amorphous native GaAs oxide with its wide energy gap of about 4.5 eV. The light appears white to the eye and its intensity, but not its spectral distribution, can be controlled by the bias applied to the m.o.s. structure.
Signal processing in the reflective acoustic microscope
- Author(s): J. Attal and G. Cambon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 472 –473
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780317
- Type: Article
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p.
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We describe a new technique to enhance the image in the scanning acoustic microscope in the reflection mode. We use a 20 ns pulse modulated r.f. signal and a sampling oscilloscope to separate the incident signal from the reflected signal. The resulting image shows up details that are of the order of one micrometre with a good signal/noise ratio. We can further improve this resolution by phase measurements.
Intermodulation distortion improvement by active compensation in an X-band IMPATT amplifier
- Author(s): C.S. Aitchison and A.S. Bains
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 474 –475
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780318
- Type: Article
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p.
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The intermodulation products generated in an actively compensated X-band IMPATT amplifier have been measured and compared with the corresponding uncompensated amplifier. The 3rd-order intercept point increases from 11.5 dB to 23 dB, giving an improvement of 11.5 dB.
Measurement of the extinction cross-section of dielectric spheres using an open resonator
- Author(s): D.L. Bryant and L.J. Auchterlonie
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 475 –476
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780319
- Type: Article
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p.
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–476
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The measurement of the extinction cross-sections at microwave frequencies for a set of spheres made of low-loss dielectric material is reported. Measurements were carried out at Q-band using a microwave open resonator. Results are compared with calculated values derived from Mie's theory.
Evanescent modes in ferrite-filled circular waveguide
- Author(s): J.M. Hellums and L.E. Davis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 476 –479
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780320
- Type: Article
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p.
476
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The analysis by Suhl and Walker (SW) is extended to include the evanescent state. The technique has applications in the field analysis of waveguide ferrite-dielectric interfaces.
Resonances in a circular waveguide cavity end-loaded with magnetised ferrite discs
- Author(s): J.M. Hellums and L.E. Davis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 479 –480
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780321
- Type: Article
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p.
479
–480
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Using the theory of ferrite-filled circular waveguides,1,2 resonance frequencies of a circular waveguide cavity end-loaded with ferrite discs are predicted and the results compared with experimental data. As a first approximation a single basis-mode expansion is used, and satisfactory qualitative agreement between theory and experiment is obtained for a small, axial bias field and various disc thicknesses. This approach may be useful in circulator theory.
Optimised doping profiles for speed-up of GaAs m.e.s.f.e.t.s
- Author(s): K. Kurumada
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 481 –482
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780322
- Type: Article
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p.
481
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Simulation of m.e.s.f.e.t. logic cell shows that discharging of the gate depletion is significantly slower than the charging process. The transient response with the charging/discharging is analytically connected to arbitrary doping profiles. Specific profiles with a doping peak near the substrate boundary can reduce this discharging delay remarkably.
Logic functions using interacting two-state m.o.s. devices
- Author(s): M.M. Darwish and K. Board
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 482 –483
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780323
- Type: Article
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The turn-on and turn-off of a 2-state 2-terminal m.i.s. switching device is demonstrated by the introduction of an adjacent similar third electrode. Currents up to 30 times bigger have been switched off using the third terminal. The structure is then connected in a simple circuit to demonstrate first inverter action, and then the 2-input NOR gate function. The technology of the Structure is simple, the active region requiring no diffusions, and is m.o.s. compatible.
Active simulation of inductors using current conveyor
- Author(s): Raj Senani
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 483 –484
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780324
- Type: Article
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p.
483
–484
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Some new active networks are proposed for the simulation of grounded and floating inductors, employing only one capacitor, two or three resistors and the second-generation current conveyor as the active element.
Class of optimal recursive Wiener filters
- Author(s): S.S. Reddi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 484 –485
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780325
- Type: Article
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p.
484
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Procedures are presented to generate a class of Wiener filters realisable through recursive filters. These filters possess the property that they minimise the spectral components of the error between the desired and output response.
Absolute noise characterisation of avalanche photodiodes
- Author(s): M.C. Brain
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 485 –487
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780326
- Type: Article
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p.
485
–487
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Excess noise in four types of commercially obtained avalanche photodiodes (a.p.d.s) has been measured absolutely, by comparing avalanche noise from the a.p.d. with shot noise from an illuminated p-i-n diode. The method used yields directly the noise-current spectral density, simplifies the deduction of the quantum efficiency keff and hence the true value of the multiplication factor, and ultimately yields a measured value of the noise parameter x.
Bandwidth efficient constant-envelope digital signalling with phase-tree demodulation
- Author(s): T. Aulin ; N. Rydbeck ; C.-E. Sundberg
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 487 –489
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780327
- Type: Article
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A method is given for analysing constant-envelope signalling schemes with partial-response baseband pulses. We consider coherent phase-tree demodulation for the Gaussian channel. The results show that very good spectral properties can be obtained for systems with error probabilities equal to or better than for binary phase-shift keying.
Leaky modes and rays on multimode step-index waveguides—a comparison
- Author(s): J.D. Love ; C. Winkler ; R. Sammut ; K. Barrell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 489 –490
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780328
- Type: Article
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It is shown that, by incorporating a lateral shift for leaky rays into a more accurate expression for leaky-ray power attenuation, excellent agreement is obtained with exact numerical values of strongly leaky mode power attenuation on both slab and round waveguides with waveguide parameters as low as 10.
Envelope probability density function of the sum of signal, noise and interference
- Author(s): I.M. Kostic
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 490 –491
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780329
- Type: Article
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p.
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A new closed-form expression of the envelope probability density function for the sum of signal, Gaussian noise and c.w. interference is found.
Joint loss in single-mode fibres
- Author(s): W.A. Gambling ; H. Matsumura ; C.M. Ragdale
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 491 –493
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780330
- Type: Article
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The losses arising in a joint between single-mode fibres when both transverse offset and angular misalignment are present have been calculated. It is found that the individual losses are additive only when the defects are small. The total loss depends on the relative directions of the tilt and the plane of polarisation.
Fast algorithm for computing a primitive 2p+1pth root of unity in GF[(2p−1)2]
- Author(s): I.S. Reed ; T.K. Truong ; R.L. Miller
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 15, p. 493 –494
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780331
- Type: Article
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A Quick method is developed to find an element or order 2p+1p in the finite field GF(q2), where q = 2P−1 is a Mersenne prime. Such an element is needed to implement complex integer transforms of length 2kp over GF(q2 where 3 ≤ k ≤ p + 1.
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