Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 14, Issue 13, 22 June 1978
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Volume 14, Issue 13
22 June 1978
GaAs rib-waveguide directional-coupler switch with Schottky barriers
- Author(s): H. Kawaguchi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 13, p. 387 –388
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780261
- Type: Article
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p.
387
–388
(2)
A new type of GaAs electro-optic directional-coupler switch for monolithic integrated optics has been proposed and demonstrated. The devices were fabricated from a pair of closely spaced low-loss (α ≈ 2.2 dB/cm at 1.15 μm) single-mode rib waveguides with Au Schottky barriers. A 30 dB extinction ratio in the input channel was measured at a reverse-bias voltage of 24 V and the switches have a potential bandwidth of 2 GHz.
Optimum correlation method for measurement of noisy transients in solid-state physics experiments
- Author(s): M.S. Hodgart
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 13, p. 388 –390
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780262
- Type: Article
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p.
388
–390
(3)
An optimum tuned correlation method is presented for the measurement of the amplitude and time constant of exponentially decaying pulses embedded in noise, with application specifically to transient studies on semiconductor junctions (d.l.t.s. technique and similar). It yields a peaked spectral type output which is only 3 dB inferior in S/N to an ideal least squares estimator. Alternatively, a discriminator type output may be obtained. The result should be of general application and results for other pulse shapes may be derived.
State assignment and entropy
- Author(s): C.R. Edwards and E. Eris
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 13, p. 390 –391
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780263
- Type: Article
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p.
390
–391
(2)
A recent paper has presented a method of state assignment based upon the maximisation of true (or false) minterms in the next-state functions. This method has the advantage of very elegant implementation. This letter seeks to interpret these results in the light of the concept of entropy. It is shown that there is some justification for using the maximisation of true (false) minterms for optimal state assignment and some indication is given of the limitations of the method.
Loss and sensitivity of the Lange coupler
- Author(s): R. Horton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 13, p. 391 –393
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780264
- Type: Article
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p.
391
–393
(3)
Losses associated with the interdigitated conductor structure of the Lange coupler are examined, leading to a modified conductor geometry which exhibits a reduction of up to 10% in loss. Perhaps more importantly, a sensitivity analysis shows this modified geometry to be much less susceptible to manufacturing tolerances.
A simple power control technique
- Author(s): S. Tiwari and S. Ashok
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 13, p. 393 –394
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780265
- Type: Article
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p.
393
–394
(2)
An open-loop power control technique that establishes a linear relationship between a d.c. control voltage and the average load voltage is described. The output voltage is insensitive to input a.c. line voltage fluctuations as well as variations in supply frequency. The control output is versatile enough to drive a semiconductor on/off switch or an s.c.r. bridge operating either as a rectifier or as an inverter.
Power m.o.s.f.e.t. linear h.f. amplifiers
- Author(s): Wolfgang Sauert
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 13, p. 394 –396
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780266
- Type: Article
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p.
394
–396
(3)
N-channel silicon m.o.s. transistors for h.f. power applications have been fabricated which are optimised for linear amplification. These devices exhibit 2 W output power and 11 dB power gain at 630 MHz in class-A operation. The intercept point for third-order intermodulation distortion is 48dBm, which is considerably more than the same data obtainable with bipolar transistors.
Design of nonlinear stochastic learning automata
- Author(s): R.G. Neville ; C.R. Nicol ; P. Mars
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 13, p. 396 –397
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780267
- Type: Article
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p.
396
–397
(2)
The hardware design of nonlinear stochastic learning automata using adpative digital logic elements is considered. Such techniques, based on digital stochastic computing, are shown to provide faster convergence rates than automata based on linear learning algorithms. Experimental results are presented and validation obtained for theoretical predictions concerning optimal convergence.
Cyclotron and upper hybrid resonance frequency in reflected pulse by magnetoplasma half space
- Author(s): Božidar V. Stanić
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 13, p. 397 –399
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780268
- Type: Article
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p.
397
–399
(3)
Reflected waveforms of impulsive plane waves incident on a homogeneous lossless magnetoplasma half space (with d.c. magnetic field perpendicular to the propagation vector) are determined in the closed form by Bessel functions of first kind and fractional order. The cyclotron plasma frequency is related to the first normalised maximum excursion in the reflected waveforms. Cyclotron and upper hybrid resonance plasma frequencies are related to the delay of the first maximum excursion in the reflected waveforms.
Relationship between Kalman and notch filters used in dynamic ship positioning systems
- Author(s): M.J. Grimble
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 13, p. 399 –400
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780269
- Type: Article
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p.
399
–400
(2)
In dynamic ship positioning systems notch filters have been used mainly to remove the unwanted wave motion signals. Recently, Kalman filters have been introduced for this purpose. It is demonstrated that for this application the stationary Kalman filter is approximated by a notch filter together with a low-pass filter in cascade.
Linear detection of charge in c.c.d. with a dual gate
- Author(s): G.S. Hobson ; R. Longstone ; R.C. Tozer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 13, p. 400 –402
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780270
- Type: Article
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p.
400
–402
(3)
A biased gate and a floating gate, coupled by surface potential equilibrium, are used to linearly and nondestructively sense charge in a charge-coupled device. Experimental measurements on a device designed for floating-gate sensing show better linearity when operated in the dual-gate mode.
The ‘mirrored meander’—a directional coupler in microstrip
- Author(s): R. Horton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 13, p. 402 –403
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780271
- Type: Article
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p.
402
–403
(2)
A new form of microstrip coupler, belonging to the general class of interference couplers, is described. Interfering elements are provided by crossover structures and fabrication of the coupler is relatively simple. Preliminary measurements show the directivity to be good, with further improvement available through a tightening of constructional tolerances.
Generation of high-frequency electromagnetic and acoustic oscillations in a semiconductor in low-frequency electric field
- Author(s): Alexander S. Bugaev ; Yuri V. Gulyaev ; Georgi D. Mansfeld
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 13, p. 403 –404
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780272
- Type: Article
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p.
403
–404
(2)
The effect of generation of high-frequency electromagnetic and acoustic oscillations is theoretically predicted and experimentally found in a piezoelectric semiconductor in an alternating electric field with the frequency corresponding to the ‘synchronism’ conditions (i.e. when the period of the field is equal to the double transit time of a sound through the specimen).
Study of a modified-estimating automaton in stationary environments
- Author(s): M.J. Coutts and P. Mars
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 13, p. 404 –406
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780273
- Type: Article
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p.
404
–406
(3)
The application of digital stochastic computing techniques to the hardware implementation of a modified-estimating automaton is considered. Experimental results are presented for the automaton operating in stationary stochastic environments.
Beamwidth variation with aperture diameter of the choked waveguide feed antenna
- Author(s): K.M. Keen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 13, p. 406 –407
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780274
- Type: Article
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p.
406
–407
(2)
The choked waveguide feed antenna, which exhibits E- and H-plane radiation pattern equality, good pattern symmetry and low cross polarisation, is an excellent feed for symmetrical reflector antennas with f/D ratios in the range of about 0.3 to 0.4. An experimental programme has been carried out to determine the variation of beamwidth with feed aperture diameter, and the results are presented here.
Degradation in short wavelength (AlGa)As light-emitting diodes
- Author(s): I. Ladany and H. Kressel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 13, p. 407 –409
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780275
- Type: Article
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p.
407
–409
(3)
Degradation in short-wavelength (AlGa)As lasers is investigated through lifetests of such devices operated in the incoherent mode. It is shown that degradation increases with emission energy for diodes containing zinc in the p-type (AlGa)As bounding region, whereas diodes containing Ge in this region, although not satisfactory as c.w. lasers because of high resistivity, show no degradation. A way out of this difficulty is proposed through double doping with Ge and Zn, in which case degradation appears to be brought down to the Ge level.
Deep traps in ideal n-InP Schottky diodes
- Author(s): A.M. White ; A.J. Grant ; B. Day
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 13, p. 409 –411
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780276
- Type: Article
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p.
409
–411
(3)
A number of deep electron trap levels have been detected in bulk and epitaxial InP for the first time. These deep traps are located in the upper half of the bandgap, and have been observed in Schottky barrier diodes by transient capacitance spectroscopy (d.l.t.s.). The deep traps have been shown to be responsible for low frequency excess noise in the Schottky diodes.
Correction to fast algorithm for computing complex-theoretic transforms
- Author(s): I.S. Reed ; T.K. Truong ; R.L. Miller
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 13, page: 411 –411
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780277
- Type: Article
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p.
411
(1)
This letter corrects an incorrect statement in a previously published letter.
Realisation of resistive N-port networks using operational amplifiers
- Author(s): A. Cichocki and S. Osowski
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 14, Issue 13, p. 412 –413
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19780278
- Type: Article
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p.
412
–413
(2)
A new realisation for an arbitrary resistive n-port network using operational amplifiers is presented in this paper. A simple synthesis procedure is proposed. A numerical example is also given.
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