Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 12, Issue 4, 19 February 1976
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Volume 12, Issue 4
19 February 1976
State-sequence reconstruction of nonlinear probabilistic automata
- Author(s): S.G. Tzafestas
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 4, p. 89 –90
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760070
- Type: Article
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The state-sequence reconstruction problem of nonlinear probabilistic automata is considered and solved by a Bayesian optimisation procedure. The resulting state reconstructor is a growing state automaton which, in many cases, can be reduced to an equivalent finite automaton. An example illustrates the results.
New method of obtaining reduced-order models for linear multivariable systems
- Author(s): J. Hickin and N.K. Sinha
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 4, p. 90 –92
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760071
- Type: Article
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A new approach for model reduction is presented which may be considered as the generalisation of the Padé-approximation technique. It is based on the generation of successive partial realisations of a high-order multivariable system in state-variable form, and is computationally straightforward.
Pulse-reflection method for transmission-loss measurement of optical fibres
- Author(s): B. Hillerich
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 4, p. 92 –93
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760072
- Type: Article
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–93
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A method for attenuation measurement of optical fibres by pulse reflections at the fibre's end is described. This method may be suitable for evaluating the attenuation of optical-fibre cables in the field.
Pitch synchronous 1st-order linear d.p.c.m. system
- Author(s): C.S. Xydeas and R. Steele
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 4, p. 93 –95
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760073
- Type: Article
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A system called p.s.f.o.l.d. is described which exploits the correlation between successive pitch periods of a speech signal. This system is a differential one and can employ various types of encoders. We describe a p.s.f.o.l.d. system using a 1st-order d.p.c.m. encoder and show that for a speech utterance this system has a peak signal/noise ratio which is 6 dB larger, and has an increase in dynamic range of 13 dB, compared with a 1st-order d.p.c.m. codec.
Stability of 2-channel nonlinear systems with symmetric linear parts
- Author(s): P.C. Byrne
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 4, p. 95 –96
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760074
- Type: Article
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A recently reported stability criterion for symmetric nonlinear output-coupled multivariable systems is obtained more directly from a general stability theorem for nonlinear systems
In situ measurements of arsenic losses during annealing of the usual evaporated contacts of GaAs Gunn diodes
- Author(s): T. Sebestyen ; M. Menyhard ; D. Szigethy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 4, p. 96 –97
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760075
- Type: Article
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Measurements of the arsenic losses during alloying of the usual evaporated metal contact systems of GaAs Gunn diodes are given. The results were obtained by making in situ alloying processes in a mass spectrometer. Curves of As2 yields are given as functions of temperature and time.
Comment on ‘Choice of grid configuration of array antennas’
- Author(s): P.K. Bondyopadhyay
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 4, p. 97 –98
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760076
- Type: Article
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Effective area of an antenna
- Author(s): G. Dubost and J. Dupuy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 4, p. 98 –99
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760077
- Type: Article
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We find the area of an isotropic linearly polarised antenna by statistical thermodynamics. A quantum-mechanical interpretation is given. For a matched antenna operating at reception, the number of photons captured in an electromagnetic wave is divided into two equal parts: one part is furnished to the load and the other part is reradiated. We prove, by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, that the maximum effective area for any matched antenna is always greater than that of an isotropic antenna.
Observation of the Josephson effect in unusually thin Dayem bridges
- Author(s): P.K.D. Froome and A.H. Beck
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 4, p. 99 –100
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760078
- Type: Article
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The Josephson effect has been observed for Dayem bridges made in carefully prepared indium films, so thin that surface roughness would normally be expected to destroy such behaviour. These bridges have usefully high resistances of between 1 and 10 Ω.
Pattern synthesis for antennas with multiple primary beams by minimax optimisation
- Author(s): L. Wilson Pearson and R. Mittra
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 4, p. 100 –102
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760079
- Type: Article
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Increasingly stringent requirements are evolving for selective illumination of irregularly shaped geographical areas by communication-satellite antennas. The desirability of minimising spillover illumination near borders, and the technical requirement to conserve transmitter power, constrains the shape of the main beam of the antenna and the sidelobe levels. We describe a minimax optimisation algorithm for designing the required shaped-beam antennas. A 1-dimensional example is given to demonstrate the features of the method.
Analysis of the clover-shaped geometry for a Hall generator
- Author(s): B. Jacobs and G. de Mey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 4, p. 102 –103
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760080
- Type: Article
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–103
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The influence of the contact size on the Hall voltage and its nonlinear behaviour has been investigated for the clover-shaped geometry. The potential problem has been solved by an expansion and an integral-equation technique.
Electrogyration effect in crystalline quartz
- Author(s): A.J. Rogers
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 4, p. 103 –105
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760081
- Type: Article
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A linear electrogyration effect has been identified in α-quartz. The effect comprises an electric-field dependence of the optical activity, causing rotation of the polarisation direction of propagating light by application of a transverse electric field. The effect has potential usefulness in high-voltage measurement and in optical modulators.
Physical processes of s.a.w. Schottky-diode memory correlator
- Author(s): W.C. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 4, p. 105 –106
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760082
- Type: Article
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–106
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It is attempted to explain the physical processes of an s.a.w. diode memory correlator based on the results of Ingebrigtsen, Cohen and Mountain.
Fast logarithmic d.a. conversion with small error
- Author(s): S.S. Magar and D.C. Cooper
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 4, p. 106 –107
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760083
- Type: Article
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A technique is described for the conversion of floating-point digital numbers to the corresponding logarithmic analogue values. The accuracy of the conversion and the complexity of the implementation are considered in some detail.
Microbending loss in monomode fibres
- Author(s): K. Petermann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 4, p. 107 –109
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760084
- Type: Article
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A simple analytic formula for the microbending loss in monomode fibres of arbitrary refractive-index profile is presented. This loss essentially depends on the spot size of the fundamental fibre mode only. Therefore W-fibres, for example, are as sensitive to microbending as conventional cladded-core fibres.
1/f noise and constriction resistance of elongated contact spots
- Author(s): L.K.J. Vandamme
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 4, p. 109 –110
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760085
- Type: Article
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Results are presented of calculations for the relative 1/f noise intensity Ce and constriction resistance Re of a contact having an elongated area. It is found that contacts with an elongation ratio greater than 10 have lower Re and 〈(ΔRe)2〉 than circular contact spots having the same area.
1/fand 1/Δf noise produced by a radio-frequency current in a carbon resistor
- Author(s): B.K. Jones
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 4, p. 110 –111
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760086
- Type: Article
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The 1/f noise observed in carbon resistors under a.c. bias is found to have different properties from, and is not coherent with, the resistance fluctuations producing the 1/Δf noise. Some thermal origin is suggested.
Erratum: Improved method for evaluating the static parameters of the Ebers–Moll transistor model
- Author(s): M.G. Rowlands
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 4, page: 111 –111
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760087
- Type: Article
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