Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 12, Issue 20, 30 September 1976
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Volume 12, Issue 20
30 September 1976
Electronics Letters Premium
- Author(s): E.A. Ash and P.J.B. Clarricoats
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, page: 513 –513
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760390
- Type: Article
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Pleochroic dyes with high-order parameters for liquid-crystal displays
- Author(s): J. Constant ; J. Kirton ; E.P. Raynes ; I.A. Shanks ; D. Coates ; G.W. Gray ; D.G. Mcdonnell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, p. 514 –515
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760391
- Type: Article
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Azo dyes of various colours have been produced with order parameters of up to 0.80 when dissolved in liquid crystals. They have also been assessed for solubility, stability and for usefulness as additives in the cholesteric-nematic phase-change effect.
Real-time areagraph of continuous speech for analysis and speech training
- Author(s): F. Fallside and S. Brooks
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, p. 515 –516
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760392
- Type: Article
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As an alternative to the spectrograph technique for speech analysis, an areagraph technique is presented in which the instantaneous vocal-tract area function (derived from linear prediction analysis) is plotted against time with distance along the tract as the y-ordinate and area denoted by intensity modulation. Since the display is related to a physical quantity, it has a number of advantages over the spectrograph. An application to speech training is described.
Implementation of linear programming with a digital stochastic computer
- Author(s): P. Mars and H.R. Mclean
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, p. 516 –517
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760393
- Type: Article
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The problem of online computation of linear-programming problems with digital-stochastic-computing structures is considered. Such techniques are shown to provide very economical and fast online computations. The simple logic-circuits used for the realisation of the stochastic operators are ideally suited for large-scale integrated-circuit fabrication. Experimental results are presented for the stochastic computation of linear programming with an algorithm based on steepest-descent techniques.
Wideband electronic tuning of s.a.w. devices
- Author(s): S. Pospöki and B. Rosner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, page: 518 –518
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760394
- Type: Article
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The possibility of wideband electronic tuning of s.a.w. devices is described. The tuning can be realised by changing the signal amplitude to each electrode of an interdigital transducer. The proposed method has been demonstrated experimentally.
Stable spectral estimates with maximum entropy estimation
- Author(s): R.G. Taylor
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, p. 519 –520
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760395
- Type: Article
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The maximum-entropy-estimation technique has been found to give stable spectra at low and high signal/noise ratios with an unstable middle region.
Simple rotation procedure for a graphical display system
- Author(s): J.B. Gosling and R.M. Ingham
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, p. 520 –521
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760396
- Type: Article
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Rotation of graphical objects consisting of nested subpictures by multiples of 90° can be achieved by adding or subtracting the rotational parameters. This is much simpler than the matrix multiplication usually assumed. The technique is particularly useful in integrated-circuit design, since ‘objects’ are only rotated by multiples of 90°.
Simple 2-GaAs-read-diode-oscillator power-combiner module
- Author(s): A.K. Gupta ; G.C. Dalman ; C.A. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, p. 521 –522
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760397
- Type: Article
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The letter describes a simple 2-oscillator power-combiner module which is easily fabricated, has a high circuit efficiency, is mode free, is relatively insensitive to lead changes and differences in oscillator characteristics and has excellent near-carrier f.m.-noise properties.
Experimental investigation of parametric sideband amplification in injection lasers
- Author(s): H. Grothe ; W. Harth ; P. Russer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, p. 522 –524
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760398
- Type: Article
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The small-signal modulation sensitivity of an injection laser biased above threshold is increased by applying an additional pumping current, owing to parametric interaction. The theoretical amplification is compared with experimental results.
Error reduction by linear constraints in recursive identification
- Author(s): J.P. Norton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, p. 524 –525
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760399
- Type: Article
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The use of prior knowledge in the form of linear inequality constraints on the coefficients in recursive identification from short records is discussed. Enforcing steady-state-gain constraints through pseudo-observations is shown to produce useful reductions in mean-square estimation error.
Second breakdown in high-voltage switching transistors
- Author(s): S.P. Gaur
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, p. 525 –527
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760400
- Type: Article
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A 2-dimensional mathematical model which includes the avalanche multiplication and internal self-heating effects has been used to predict the internal behaviour of a typical high-voltage power-transistor design. Collector n−-n+ interface is the region of high electrical and thermal stresses which cause second-breakdown failure at high-current and high-voltage operating conditions.
Measurement of heat-flow resistance in BARITT diodes
- Author(s): J. Freyer and S. Ahmad
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, p. 527 –528
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760401
- Type: Article
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A method for the measurement of the heat-flow and thermal resistance in baritt diodes is described. The influence of the negative thermal resistance on the microwave performance of baritt diodes is discussed.
Magnetoresistive power controller with zero voltage drop
- Author(s): D. Midgley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, p. 528 –529
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760402
- Type: Article
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An experimental controller has the load in series with a resistance (or reactance), which is modulated within the supply cycle, such that the voltage drop at the supply frequency is eliminated. Control is effected by switching between this ‘on state’ and a high-series-impedance ‘off state’.
Crosspolarisation in beam-waveguide feeds
- Author(s): A.B. Harris and B. Claydon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, p. 529 –531
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760403
- Type: Article
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The theory of the propagation of Gaussian beams has recently been developed to take account of the higher-order cross-polarised modes generated by offset curved reflectors, as used in beam waveguides. A comparison between results obtained by this analytical approach and by numerical computation of the diffraction integrals shows excellent agreement, confirming the relevance of the idealised theory to beam waveguides of finite dimensions with practical feedhorns.
Electrical characterisation of transferred-electron devices
- Author(s): J. McBretney and M.J. Howes
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, p. 532 –533
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760404
- Type: Article
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A technique is presented that enables the chip admittance of stable t.e.d.s (t.e.a.s) to be determined accurately in any microwave circuit. An extension of the technique for the characterisation of oscillating t.e.d.s (t.e.o.s) is discussed.
Closed-system approach for a class of dissipative dynamical systems
- Author(s): T.T. Ha and O.O. Ijaola
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, p. 533 –534
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760405
- Type: Article
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533
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Using the ideas of Livsic on closed systems (with no input), a set of state equations with special properties for a class of dissipative time-invariant systems is derived.
Measurement of the settling time of a v.c.o. by varying the repetition rate of a square-wave generator
- Author(s): L.H. Holway and J.A. Mullen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, p. 534 –536
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760406
- Type: Article
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A steady-state method of measuring the transient settling time of a fast-tuning v.c.o. is described in which the control voltage is generated by a square-wave generator. The output function is effectively a trapezoidally modulated f.m. signal whose shape and spectral distribution of power depends on the settling time. The power intercepted by a 3rd-order Butterworth filter is calculated for several values of the settling time.
F.E.T. mixer with the drain l.o. injection
- Author(s): P. Bura and R. Dikshit
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, p. 536 –537
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760407
- Type: Article
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536
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Performance of a 6/4 GHz frequency convertor showed conversion gains up to 4.7 dB with 3.9 dB noise figure. On cooling to 200 K, a gain increase of 2.4 dB and a noise-figure decrease of 1.8 dB were measured.
Microbending loss in single-mode W-fibres
- Author(s): K. Petermann and H. Storm
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, p. 537 –538
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760408
- Type: Article
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The microbending loss in single-mode W-fibres has been determined by calculating the coupling coefficients between the fundamental mode and the radiation modes. It is shown that the microbending loss is of the same order of magnitude, or even larger than, the microbending loss in comparable single-mode cladded-core fibres.
Parametric downconvertor (6 to 4 GHz) for satellite ground-station applications
- Author(s): P. Ntake and D.R. Conn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, p. 538 –540
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760409
- Type: Article
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The letter details the theoretical design and the experimental results of a parametric downconverter (p.d.c.) operated at an r.f. frequency fs of 6 GHz and pumped at fp = 10 GHz. The circuit exhibited a conversion gain of 14.5 dB, a noise figure of 4.3 dB and a 3 dB b.w. of 238 MHz.
Program design, abstract machines and the design engineer
- Author(s): R.D. Dowsing
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, p. 540 –541
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760410
- Type: Article
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Structured programming is a design methodology for producing computer programs. A technique is described for designing programs by this methodology, together with the use of abstract machines, so that the logic designer producing programs for microprocessors can do so in a more natural way.
Symmetry conditions for vestigial sideband systems
- Author(s): W. Saraga
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, p. 541 –542
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760411
- Type: Article
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It is well known that in vestigial-sideband (v.s.b.) systems a flat overall amplitude response is ensured by imposing the symmetry conditions A(ωc+ω)+A(ωc−ω)=1 and β(ωc+ω)+β(ωc−ω)=2β(ωc) on the amplitude response A(ω) and the phase response β(ω) of the v.s.b. filtering arrangements between the transmit and the receive modulator of the v.s.b. system, together with the system condition βc2−βc1=−β(ωc), where ωc/2π is the common carrier frequency and βc1 and βc2 are the phase angles of the transmit and the receive carrier, respectively. In the letter, it is shown that these conditions, although sufficient, are not necessary, and a second set of sufficient conditions is presented: A2(ωc+ω)+A2(ωc−ω)=1; β(ωc+ω)+β(ωc−ω)=2β(ωc); βc2−βc1=±¼π−β(ωc) or =±¾π−β(ωc). The implications of the existence of two alternative sets of sufficient conditions are discussed.
Green's function for determining transverse e.m.-field components from the radial components
- Author(s): N.C. Albertsen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, p. 542 –544
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760412
- Type: Article
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The electromagnetic field radiated by a finite source is uniquely determined through the radial components of the electric and magnetic fields on the far-field sphere. The letter gives a Green's function which permits the transverse-field components on the far-field sphere to be determined from the radial components.
Erratum: Implementation of some ternary operators with c.m.o.s. integrated circuits
- Author(s): J.L. Huertas ; J.I. Acha ; J.M. Carmona
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, page: 544 –544
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760413
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Computation of time-domain response of URC networks
- Author(s): M. Milić and M. Gmitrović
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 20, page: 544 –544
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760414
- Type: Article
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