Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 12, Issue 12, 10 June 1976
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Volume 12, Issue 12
10 June 1976
Electrical traps in GaAs microwave f.e.t.s
- Author(s): M.G. Adlerstein
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 12, p. 297 –298
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760229
- Type: Article
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p.
297
–298
(2)
Described is a rapid, sensitive technique for determining the activation energies for electron traps present in the channel of GaAs microwave field-effect transistors. The measurements can be made directly on the f.e.t.s. Taken together with systematic variation of growth procedures, the method can be applied toward identification and elimination of the traps.
Circuit technique for wide-range, linear, voltage-to-current convertors
- Author(s): B.L. Hart
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 12, p. 298 –299
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760230
- Type: Article
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p.
298
–299
(2)
A ‘current-balancing’ circuit technique, involving the use of an emitter-follower and two complementary current mirrors, facilitates the design of a voltage-to-current convertor in which the input voltage control range extends down to within a few tens of millivolts of earth potential despite the use of a single system rail supply.
Realisation of generalised active transformer
- Author(s): T. Yanagisawa and G. Bhattacharjee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 12, p. 300 –301
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760231
- Type: Article
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p.
300
–301
(2)
A synthesis method for a prescribed h matrix embedded with an operational amplifier is proposed. As an example of the arbitrary 2-port, a generalised active transformer is considered.
Noise characteristics of cascaded 2nd-order active filters
- Author(s): M.R. Lee and S. Mecrow
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 12, p. 301 –303
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760232
- Type: Article
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p.
301
–303
(3)
The absolute noise level at the output of single-amplifier, 2nd-order active filters, suitable for cascade connection, is derived in terms of the sensitivity of the filter response to the amplifier gain. A very simple expression is obtained, which is shown to be valid under practical conditions. A similar expression is obtained for cascaded 2nd-order sections, and a 4th-order example shows that the position of the sections in the cascade has a significant effect on the output noise level. The cascade positions giving lowest noise level are the opposite of those normally used to give maximum dynamic range.
Obtainability of closed-loop systems using constant state feedback or output feedback
- Author(s): V. Sinswat and F. Fallside
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 12, p. 303 –304
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760233
- Type: Article
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p.
303
–304
(2)
For a given linear multivariable system (A, B, C) not necessarily completely controllable or observable, necessary and sufficient, geometric conditions for a desired closed-loop system (Ac, B, C) to be obtainable using constant complete state feedback or constant output feedback are proposed. A solution for the feedback controller necessary to give an ‘obtainable’ closed-loop system is also presented.
Bounds on aperiodic cross-correlation for binary sequences
- Author(s): M.B. Pursley and D.V. Sarwate
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 12, p. 304 –305
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760234
- Type: Article
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p.
304
–305
(2)
Results are presented which relate the mean-squared value of the aperiodic crosscorrelation function for periodic binary sequences to their aperiodic autocorrelation function. Bounds on the mean-squared aperiodic crosscorrelation are given in terms of the mean-squared aperiodic autocorrelation.
Design of broadband microwave circuits
- Author(s): W. Glogier
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 12, p. 305 –307
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760235
- Type: Article
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p.
305
–307
(3)
The relation between the scattering-matrix eigenvalue phase/frequency responses and the energy stored in a general microwave junction filled with an anisotropic material can be used to facilitate the design of broadband microwave circuits. The technique of this approach is illustrated for a waveguide Y-junction circulator.
Adaptive threshold device employing spatial integration in two dimensions
- Author(s): G.R. Martin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 12, p. 307 –308
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760236
- Type: Article
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p.
307
–308
(2)
An adaptive threshold radar detection system using sampled clutter level estimates from both spatial dimensions is shown to have improved performance over the conventional range-sampled spatial integrator.
Solution of currents on linear antennas
- Author(s): J. Walsh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 12, p. 308 –309
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760237
- Type: Article
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p.
308
–309
(2)
A method for the solution of currents on linear antennas is proposed. The need to apply boundary conditions to an integral operator is eliminated by the use of an intermediate differential equation. It is shown the method has certain advantages from the point of view of numerical analysis.
Low-noise GaAs m.e.s.f.e.t.s
- Author(s): B.S. Hewitt ; H.M. Cox ; H. Fukui ; J.V. Dilorenzo ; W.O. Schlosser ; D.E. Iglesias
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 12, p. 309 –310
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760238
- Type: Article
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p.
309
–310
(2)
GaAs m.e.s.f.e.t.s with optimum noise figures of 1.6 dB at 6 GHz have been fabricated by projection photolithography. An equation has been developed for the calculation of optimum noise figure which gives good agreement between calculated and measured values.
Spectral losses of low-OH-content optical fibres
- Author(s): M. Horiguchi and H. Osanai
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 12, p. 310 –312
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760239
- Type: Article
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p.
310
–312
(3)
Very-low-OH-content optical fibres consisting of borosilicate-cladding phosphosilicate-core have been produced by a chemical vapour deposition technique. One of the fibres, whose transmission loss was less than 1 dB/km between 0.95 and 1.37 μm, showed a minimum loss of 0.47 dB/km at 1.2 μm.
Evaluation of the scattering of an electromagnetic wave from precipitation particles by the use of fredholm integral equations
- Author(s): N. Uzunoglu ; B.G. Evans ; A.R. Holt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 12, p. 312 –313
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760240
- Type: Article
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p.
312
–313
(2)
A new, more general and extremely stable solution to the problem of scattering of electromagnetic waves from precipitation particles is presented, based on the solution of Lippmann-Schwinger type equations in complex Fourier space. We believe that the solution is not so demanding in either computer time or storage as existing methods. It also incorporates the calculation of the scattering amplitude for any incidence angle and polarisation. Results of scattering from oblate axisymmetric spheroidal raindrops at 11 GHz are presented.
Sensitivity considerations of feedback-type active RC networks
- Author(s): N. Fujii
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 12, p. 313 –315
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760241
- Type: Article
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p.
313
–315
(3)
A relation between the sensitivity and element power is derived. Using this relation, it is shown that the worst-case sensitivity is closely connected with the total power of the network. Sensitivities with respect to active elements are also discussed.
Current divider: a new negative feedback element for integrated amplifiers
- Author(s): G. Krause
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 12, p. 315 –316
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760242
- Type: Article
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p.
315
–316
(2)
A multistage small-signal amplifier is described having, instead of resistors, a current divider in the negative-feedback pad. The current divider is a transistor which has two collectors with very different current gains. In spite of not using any passive components, linear and stable amplification has been achieved, down to input currents of 10−11 A.
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