Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 11, Issue 12, 12 June 1975
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Volume 11, Issue 12
12 June 1975
Measurement of the base resistance of bipolar transistors
- Author(s): G.C.M. Meijer and H.J.A. de Ronde
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 11, Issue 12, p. 249 –250
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19750188
- Type: Article
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p.
249
–250
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By measuring the transistor parameters hfe and yfb as functions of frequency, it is possible to determine the base resistance of bipolar transistors. This method has proved to be fast and accurate over a relatively large current range for integrated-circuit transistors, as well as for many types of discrete transistors.
Signal-error-feedforward-controlled amplifiers
- Author(s): K.B. Klaassen ; R.J. de Kok ; J.C.L. van Peppen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 11, Issue 12, p. 250 –251
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19750189
- Type: Article
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p.
250
–251
(2)
Signal-error feedforward can be used to control the performance of amplifier systems. Feedforward, unlike feedback, does not require signal loops, and therefore results in inherently stable systems. Some practical feedforward-amplifier configurations are given, followed by a numerical example that demonstrates the improvement obtained from the application of signal-error feedforward.
Fine tuning of surface-acoustic-wave resonator filters with metallisation thickness
- Author(s): W.H. Haydl and P.S. Cross
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 11, Issue 12, p. 252 –253
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19750190
- Type: Article
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p.
252
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Two-port surface-acoustic-wave resonator filters with Q factors in excess of 3000 and a sidelobe suppression of 30 dB have been fabricated from yz LiNbO3 with aluminium metallisation. The dispersion of the centre frequency with aluminium thickness has been found to be 70∓10 kHz/μm at 35 MHz. The ability to fine tune with metal thickness has been used to compensate inherent substrate inhomogeneities and to fabricate a high-Q factor flat-top filter.
Coupled-resonator acoustic-surface-wave filter
- Author(s): M. Redwood ; R.B. Topolevsky ; R.F. Mitchell ; J.S. Palfreeman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 11, Issue 12, p. 253 –254
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19750191
- Type: Article
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p.
253
–254
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A 2-port filter using piezoelectrically coupled acoustic-surface-wave resonators is described. A lumped-element equivalent circuit is proposed, with expressions for element values. Theoretical insertion-loss/frequency characteristics of some 2-resonator filters are presented.
Wave active filters
- Author(s): A.G. Constantinides and G. Haritantis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 11, Issue 12, p. 254 –256
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19750192
- Type: Article
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p.
254
–256
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A method is described and implemented for the derivation of active RC filters from analogue passive filters of the lossless ladder doubly terminated kind. The method is based on scattering-parameter formulation and the active RC filters thus derived are referred to as wave active filters.
Comment on ‘Improved describing function for hysteresis’
- Author(s): D.P. Atherton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 11, Issue 12, page: 256 –256
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19750193
- Type: Article
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256
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Realisability of bandpass filters
- Author(s): J. Neirynck and Dao Manh Cuong
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 11, Issue 12, p. 256 –258
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19750194
- Type: Article
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p.
256
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The traditional method of realising attenuation poles by resonant circuits is questioned. It is shown that, under some conditions, it is possible to depart from the conventional solution.
Stability criteria for negative-resistance oscillators
- Author(s): J.O. Scanlan and T.J. Brazil
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 11, Issue 12, p. 258 –259
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19750195
- Type: Article
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p.
258
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The stability criterion for a free-running negative-resistance oscillator is shown to be invariant to transformation through a wide class of 2-port networks connecting the device terminals to a convenient reference plane in the external circuit. In this way, the experimental application of the criterion to a given circuit is greatly simplified.
Acoustic surface-wave filters without apodisation loss with electrodes with inclined apodisation
- Author(s): Kohji Hohkawa ; Fujio Ishihara ; Shokichiro Yoshikawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 11, Issue 12, p. 259 –261
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19750196
- Type: Article
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p.
259
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The letter reports a new apodisation of electrodes which provides surface-acoustic-wave filters capable of operation without apodisation loss and with sufficiently large stopband attenuation. The effectiveness of the apodisation was shown by experiments.
New millimetre-wave isolator containing a semiconductor rod in a circular waveguide
- Author(s): M. Kanda and W.G. May
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 11, Issue 12, p. 261 –262
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19750197
- Type: Article
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p.
261
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Attenuation characteristics of an InSb waveguide isolator at 94 GHz and 75 K are given experimentally and theoretically. The structure is a rod of InSb placed coaxially in a circular waveguide. Over 20 dB isolation is measured, with 3 dB forward loss.
Electro-optic thin films of zinc sulphide
- Author(s): P.L. Jones and K.A.H. Al-Khateeb
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 11, Issue 12, p. 262 –263
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19750198
- Type: Article
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p.
262
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Highly ordered single-crystal films of cubic zinc sulphide are grown epitaxially on silicon substrates by sublimation in u.h.v. The electro-optic coefficients are measured using a sensitive a.c. method and values of r41 up to 6.73×10−13 mV−1 are reported.
Complex distribution effects of thin component ohmic-contact layers on GaAs
- Author(s): B.L. Weiss and H.L. Hartnagel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 11, Issue 12, p. 263 –264
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19750199
- Type: Article
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p.
263
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A microprobe analysis of cleaved edges of GaAs samples containing the cross-section of ohmic contacts has shown that near the surface these contacts contain GaxIn1−xAs, which is probably caused by its precipitation to single-crystal nucleation Sites produced at the surface of the metallisation.
Interpolation and extrapolation in nonuniform sampling sequences with average sampling rates below the Nyquist rate
- Author(s): T.T. Fjällbrant
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 11, Issue 12, p. 264 –266
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19750200
- Type: Article
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p.
264
–266
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Coefficients for interpolation and extrapolation, including average sampling rates below the Nyquist rate, have been derived. The method is applicable for nonuniform patterns obtained through omission of samples in a uniform pattern with a sampling rate slightly higher than the Nyquist rate. The interpolations and extrapolations are valid for band-limited signals, except those theoretical signals that are zero valued at all sampling points.
Evaluation in approximations of coupled differential equations in multimode transmission
- Author(s): L.A.R. Denger
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 11, Issue 12, p. 266 –267
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19750201
- Type: Article
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p.
266
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The iterative techniques for finding solutions of coupled differential equations of 1st order can lead to very significant errors in results. This ensues from differences in characteristic zeros of the matrices involved.
Phase-lock-loop statistics without recourse to Fokker-Planck techniques
- Author(s): J.H. Roberts
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 11, Issue 12, p. 267 –268
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19750202
- Type: Article
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p.
267
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To obtain the steady-state probability distribution of the phase error for a phase-lock loop driven by the sum of modulated carrier and narrowband stationary noise, a familiarity with Fokker-Planck techniques is usually a prerequisite to formulate a differential equation that has the required distribution as its solution. Here a simpler treatment is offered, which uses the more standard tools of probability theory. The distribution of the frequency error is also considered.
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