Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 10, Issue 8, 18 April 1974
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Volume 10, Issue 8
18 April 1974
New method for measuring dielectric properties of liquids with a microslotline
- Author(s): Y. Druelle ; J. Citerne ; L. Raczy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 8, p. 117 –118
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740090
- Type: Article
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A new slotline method is described that gives a fast determination of the relative permittivity parameters ε′r and ε″r over a wide frequency range (5–11 GHz) and in a wide band of temperatures (−40 to 30 °C). The measurements, which require a small liquid volume, give results in good agreement with those obtained by classical methods. Many applications are possible in laboratory or in industrial controls.
Characterisation of avalanche photodiodes having nearly-unilateral-carrier multiplication
- Author(s): K. Mouthaan and R.M. Snoeren
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 8, p. 118 –120
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740091
- Type: Article
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Theoretical and experimental results for the output noise spectral density of avalanche photodiodes with nearly-unilateral-carrier multiplication are combined to obtain both the quantum efficiency and the noise factor from noise measurements over the operating range of multiplication factors. A noise factor of 2+0.012 M is reported for a silicon diode.
Site shielding for Earth-station antennas
- Author(s): M.A. Streete and D.H. Shinn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 8, p. 120 –121
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740092
- Type: Article
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A study has been carried out to evaluate the shielding effectiveness of a knife-edge ridge situated in the near-field region of a large-diameter antenna, and examples of the computed results are presented in graphical form. In addition an approximate formula, of accuracy within 3 dB under specified conditions, is also presented. A flat-Earth profile is assumed, and the effects of rounding of the diffracting edge and of vegetation are excluded.
Fast b.c.d./binary adder/subtractor
- Author(s): D.P. Agrawal
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 8, p. 121 –122
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740093
- Type: Article
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A binary-coded-decimal adder/subtractor is proposed that uses the carry-look-ahead technique, resulting in a significant increase in speed. With slight modification, it is possible to use it for binary operation as well.
Frequency markers providing resolution of 1 kHz for sweptmicrowave measurements
- Author(s): W.J.R. Hoefer and G.R. Painchaud
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 8, p. 123 –124
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740094
- Type: Article
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The letter describes a method of generating high-precision frequency markers for swept-microwave measurements, using a spectrum analyser. Narrowband parameters, such as the Q factors of microwave cavities, can be measured with a resolution of 1 kHz.
Vertex splitting in resistor-network analysis
- Author(s): B.R. Myers
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 8, p. 124 –125
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740095
- Type: Article
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By splitting selected vertices of its graph or of related graphs, the tree-enumeration problem involved in finding the equivalent resistance between two vertices of a network of resistors can often be reduced to a series of smaller and more manageable steps.
Relative convergence in mode-matching solutions of microstrip problems
- Author(s): H. Hofmann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 8, p. 126 –127
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740096
- Type: Article
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The letter shows there is no relative convergence involved in a microstrip-mode-matching procedure by checking the convergence and the satisfaction of the edge condition.
New fast method for generating discrete random numbers with arbitrary frequency distributions
- Author(s): A.J. Walker
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 8, p. 127 –128
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740097
- Type: Article
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A new method for generating discrete random numbers with arbitrary amplitude/frequency distributions is presented. It consists essentially of amplitude manipulation of uniformly distributed, statistically independent sequential numbers. A digital-hardware implementation of the system features fast single-clock operation, with good statistical properties, and is well suited to software implementation.
Unequal coupled-mode-velocity C section filters
- Author(s): J.L. Allen and W.J. Barnes
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 8, p. 128 –129
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740098
- Type: Article
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Experimental and theoretical results are presented that demonstrate novel filter properties of inhomogeneous coupled-line C sections having large even-mode-velocity/odd-mode-velocity ratios.
Numerical analysis of electric field inside mesa p+-n-n+ avalanche diodes
- Author(s): I. Costea and D. Dascalu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 8, p. 129 –131
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740099
- Type: Article
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Preliminary results of a numerical 2-dimensional analysis of the electric field and the space-charge region in silicon mesa p+-n-n+ diodes designed for avalanche transit-time operation are reported. It is shown that, for certain values of the bevel angles at the p+-n junction and the n-n+ interface, the electric field below the semiconductor surface exceeds the maximum field in the bulk material.
Refractive-index profiles for diffused glass fibres
- Author(s): R.B. Dyott and M.C. Brain
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 8, p. 131 –132
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740100
- Type: Article
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The amount of diffusion needed to give a parabolic refractive-index profile is calculated. Profiles are also given for a wide range of diffusion.
Analysis of imperfectly defined circuits
- Author(s): T.B.M. Neill
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 8, p. 132 –133
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740101
- Type: Article
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The use of nodal analysis, coupled with a Volterra-integral formulation for nonlinear circuits, often enables a solution to be found to analysis problems that, because they contain elements that cannot be modelled, and for which only numerical data are available, are intractable by other known techniques.
Selection of zeros of reflection coefficient in design of filters by insertion loss
- Author(s): J.B. Mariño
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 8, p. 133 –134
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740102
- Type: Article
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It is shown that a characteristic function that can be expressed as the square of an odd rational function in ω, with poles on the jω axis and at infinity, is always realisable without using transformers by the selection of the zeros of p(s), and this is the key for a filter design based on 2-port synthesis theory.
Obliquity factor for radiation from solid-state laser
- Author(s): L. Lewin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 8, p. 134 –135
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740103
- Type: Article
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The radiated field consists of forward radiation at an angle θ and backward radiation at π – θ reflected from the dielectric-air interface into an additional component of field at angle θ. The total radiation contains a factor that simplifies into an expression recently obtained by more sophisticated methods, and which is here interpreted as the Huygens obliquity factor for the arrangement. A small correction to the expression is also obtained.
Influence of gap between laser and optical waveguide
- Author(s): G.A. Hockham and A.B. Sharpe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 8, p. 135 –137
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740104
- Type: Article
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In the letter, an approximate analysis is developed for calculating the reflection and transmission coefficients at the junction discontinuity between two planar dielectric waveguides when there is a dielectric gap between them. The analysis is applied to the junction between a heterojunction laser and a planar optical waveguide with an airgap, and results are presented showing the variation of the reflection and transmission coefficients with the gapwidth.
Mode conversion in surface-acoustic-wave reflective arrays
- Author(s): F.G. Marshall and E.G.S. Paige
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 8, p. 137 –138
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740105
- Type: Article
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We have investigated the possibility of the conversion of surface acoustic waves to other modes in a reflecting-array structure, such as that employed in the reflective-array compressor (r.a.c.). As the angle of incidence on the reflectors is reduced from normal incidence, we find that the mode-conversion possibilities become more restricted. However, for a 45° inclined array of reflectors on LiNbO3, coupling to a strongly piezoelectric pseudo-surface-wave is still allowed. Using metal reflectors, conversion to this mode is observed at frequencies only 19% above the s.a.w. reflection frequency. Comments are made on the relevance of the observations to the fabrication of dispersive filters for pulse-compression systems.
Parametric upconvertor as low-noise i.f. amplifier for microwave mixers
- Author(s): O.J. Downing ; F.O.M. Bennewitz ; J.G. Gardiner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 8, p. 138 –140
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740106
- Type: Article
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New equations for the gain and noise performance of v.h.f. parametric upconvertors are presented and applied to the design and performance prediction of a practical upper-sideband circuit intended for application as an i.f. amplifier for microwave mixers. The measured noise figure of 0.67 (±0.1) dB at 9.5 dB gain is shown to correlate with the calculated figure, and to be close to the limiting value of around 0.5 dB at this frequency.
Erratum: Relation between pre-exponential factor and activation energy in dark conductivity of polyethylene
- Author(s): G. Sawa ; M. Ieda ; K. Kitagawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 8, page: 140 –140
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740107
- Type: Article
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