Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 10, Issue 7, 4 April 1974
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Volume 10, Issue 7
4 April 1974
Generation/recombination of carriers in p-n junctions
- Author(s): D.V. Morgan and P. Ashburn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 85 –86
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740066
- Type: Article
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p.
85
–86
(2)
In the letter, we present theoretical I/V characteristics of silicon diodes. Generation/recombination is included, and the variation of the I/V characteristics with trap density Ntt is noted. The differences between uniform and nonuniform distributions of recombination centres are discussed, and a comparison is made with previously published experimental results.
Processing gain of surface-acoustic-wave convolver with noise-corrupted reference waveform
- Author(s): D.P. Morgan and J.G. Sutherland
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 86 –87
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740067
- Type: Article
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p.
86
–87
(2)
An analysis is given for the output signal/noise ratio of a convolver when both input waveforms are accompanied by noise. It is shown that a close approximation to the ideal matched-filter performance can be obtained if the signal/noise ratio at the reference input is only 10 dB. Experimental measurements support the analysis.
Theoretical characteristics of transferred-electron amplifiers
- Author(s): H. Hillbrand ; H.D. Rees ; D. Jones
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 87 –89
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740068
- Type: Article
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p.
87
–89
(3)
The general characteristics of transferred-electron amplifiers predicted by a computer solution of the electron Boltzmann equation include the ratio of the maximum to the minimum operating frequency of approximately 3 and an intrinsic Q factor of about 1. The variation of the impedance function with the device parameters is discussed.
C.C.D. Cheby̅shev filter for radar m.t.i. applications
- Author(s): J.E. Bounden and M.J. Tomlinson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 89 –90
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740069
- Type: Article
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p.
89
–90
(2)
A 3-pole Cheby̅shev analogue filter is described in which charge-coupled devices are used as the delay elements. The use of this type of filter in radar moving-target-indicator applications is illustrated.
Electro-optical colour effects by twisted nematic liquid crystal
- Author(s): I.A. Shanks
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 90 –91
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740070
- Type: Article
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p.
90
–91
(2)
Voltage control of colours has been obtained by reflective and transmissive devices employing birefringent layers in conjunction with twisted nematic liquid-crystal cells. The construction, properties and possible applications of such devices are discussed.
Field-diversity antenna for u.h.f. mobile radio
- Author(s): J.D. Parsons
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 91 –92
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740071
- Type: Article
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p.
91
–92
(2)
An antenna system using a vertical monopole and horizontal orthogonal slots is described. Impedance and radiation-pattern measurements have shown that the performance of the antenna is satisfactory, and tests in a multipath field have demonstrated its suitability for use in a predetection diversity combiner.
New modal representation of electromagnetic waves supported by horizontal wire above dissipative earth
- Author(s): R.G. Olsen and D.C. Chang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 92 –94
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740072
- Type: Article
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p.
92
–94
(3)
A new discrete mode that satisfies the radiation condition is found for the problem of a horizontal wire above an air-earth interface. It can be shown to be an important part of the total current distribution on the wire. It exhibits the nature of a fast wave and has a much smaller attenuation constant than the quasi-TEM mode.
Method of improving tuning range obtained from a varactor-tuned Gunn oscillator
- Author(s): C.S. Aitchison
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 94 –95
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740073
- Type: Article
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p.
94
–95
(2)
The letter proposes that the technique of reactance compensation, previously applied successfully to improve the bandwidth of parametric amplifiers, can be applied to varactor-tuned oscillators, such as Gunn oscillators, with significant improvement in the electronic-tuning range.
Rays and modes in optical fibres
- Author(s): L.B. Felsen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 95 –96
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740074
- Type: Article
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p.
95
–96
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Difficulties have recently been noted in the application of geometric optics to modal propagation and cutoff in optical fibres. It is shown here that geometric optics is adequate, provided that it treats collectively the congruence of modal rays.
Wedge-wave transduction by means of interdigital electrodes
- Author(s): M. Cabus ; P.E. Lagasse ; J.C. Chambers ; I.M. Mason
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 97 –98
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740075
- Type: Article
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p.
97
–98
(2)
Experimental results on wedge-wave transduction by means of interdigital electrodes are presented. It is shown that tightly confined low-velocity wedge waves can be launched with high efficiency. Experiments on both PZT and LiNbO3 wedges are reported.
High-efficiency proton-isolated GaAs IMPATT diodes
- Author(s): J.D. Speight ; P. Leigh ; N. Mcintyre ; I.G. Groves ; S. O'Hara ; P. Hemment
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 98 –99
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740076
- Type: Article
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p.
98
–99
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The fabrication and c.w. operation of planar proton-isolated diffused junction and Schottky-barrier GaAs IMPATT diodes are described. The diodes have shown a maximum efficiency of 13.5% and output power of 315 mW in the Q band. Planar diodes appear to be superior to mesa devices formed from identical material.
Optical fibres and the Goos-Hänchen shift
- Author(s): W.A. Gambling ; D.N. Payne ; H. Matsumura ; M. Medlicott
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 99 –101
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740077
- Type: Article
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p.
99
–101
(3)
It is shown, and confirmed experimentally, that, despite the existence of the Goos-Hänchen shift, the propagation delay of a ray in a multimode cladded fibre is given to a very good approximation by simple ray theory.
Variable-frame-rate coding scheme for speech-analysis/synthesis systems
- Author(s): J.N. Holmes
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 101 –102
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740078
- Type: Article
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p.
101
–102
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In analysis/synthesis systems for the digital coding of speech, the synthesis control information is normally required in ‘frames’ arriving at a constant rate. At the expense of a small delay, a considerable reduction of frame rate is possible by transmitting appropriately selected frames, and deriving intermediate frames from those transmitted.
New subnanosecond pulse-generator circuit employing two step-recovery diodes
- Author(s): M. Karadeniz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 102 –103
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740079
- Type: Article
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p.
102
–103
(2)
A new pulse-generator circuit that is capable of generating subnanosecond impulses has been introduced. The circuit consists of two similar types of step-recovery diodes, one being connected in series and the other connected in parallel with a transmission line.
Analytical realisation of e.v.c.-a.r.c. networks
- Author(s): J. Dunning-Davies and F.W. Stephenson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 103 –104
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740080
- Type: Article
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p.
103
–104
(2)
Consideration is given to the complete analytic solution of 3rd-order equal-valued-capacitor RC (e.v.c.-a.r.c.) networks due to Dutta Roy and Malik, and realisability limits are derived. The practically desirable cases of minimum resistor sum and minimum resistor spread are shown to occur at the same value of amplifier gain.
Image-cancelling mixers at 2 GHz
- Author(s): O. Palamutcuoglu ; J.G. Gardiner ; D.P. Howson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 104 –106
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740081
- Type: Article
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p.
104
–106
(3)
Image-cancelling mixers are a form of image-recovery mixer that avoid the use of a high-Q factor tuned input circuit. Two identical mixers are pumped in quadrature, and their input circuits are connected to cancel the image current or voltage. Results on double-balanced mixers operating at 2 GHz are presented, and a conversion loss of about 1 dB is obtained.
Reliability consideration for distributed chain structure with unreliable nodes
- Author(s): R.J. Morgan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 106 –107
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740082
- Type: Article
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p.
106
–107
(2)
A distributed chain structure is considered when both nodes and branches are prone to failure. Using an existing result, it is shown that a distributed system using twice the number of nodes yields better reliability than a series-parellel system over an upper range of branch reliability. Both systems have the same number of branches.
16-channel surface-acoustic-wave grating-filter bank for real-time spectral analyser
- Author(s): J. Melngailis and G.T. Flynn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 107 –109
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740083
- Type: Article
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p.
107
–109
(3)
A 16-channel surface-acoustic-wave grating-filter bank has been constructed on four y-cut LiNbO3 crystals. Each channel has a 4dB bandwidth of 6.7 MHz. The insertion loss at the peak of the passband of each channel is −32 dB, ±1.2 dB. The centre frequencies are 6.7 MHz apart and span the range 150–250 MHz. This filter has been incorporated in a realtime spectral analyser.
LiNbO3-quartz-LiNbO3 composite delay line with zero linear temperature coefficient of delay
- Author(s): M.T. Wauk
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 109 –110
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740084
- Type: Article
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p.
109
–110
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A bonded composite consisting of LiNbO3-quartz-LiNbO3 is shown to have zero linear temperature coefficient of delay (t.c.d.) for acoustic surface waves. The quartz is a rotated y-cut crystal with propagation along the x direction providing a small negative linear t.c.d. that offsets the positive contribution from the surface-wave propagation in the LiNbO3.
Surface-acoustic-wave guidance produced by ion implantation in quartz
- Author(s): P. Hartemann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 110 –111
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740085
- Type: Article
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p.
110
–111
(2)
An increase in the surface-acoustic-wave velocity is produced by ion implantation in quartz (y-cut, x-propagating). A 2.5% relative-velocity increase has been measured at 395 MHz, with 100 keV Li+ ions, the flux being 1016 ions/cm2. Slot acoustic waveguides have been realised at about 100 and 400 MHz by these techniques. Horns were used for matching the launched acoustic beams to the guides. An optical probe has been employed for investigating the spatial distribution of the acoustic power. The 100 MHz guide is 148 μm wide. The guided-power profile along a section of the guide has been measured. The 6 dB beamwidth is about 230 μm. The 400 MHz guide is 18 μm wide, and the propagation loss is about 0.75 dB/μs.
Performance of multilevel d.c.p.s.k. system in the presence of both interchannel and intersymbol interference
- Author(s): V. Castellani ; L.L. Presti ; M. Pent
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 111 –112
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740086
- Type: Article
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p.
111
–112
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A general model of a multilevel d.c.p.s.k. system is analysed in the presence of additive Gaussian noise, intersymbol interference and adjacent-channel interference. The symbol error probability is obtained by combining an analytical approach with a Monte Carlo simulation. Numerical results are presented as an example.
Traffic capacity of product networks
- Author(s): J.P. Sumner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 112 –114
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740087
- Type: Article
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p.
112
–114
(3)
Switched networks based on the Cartesian product of complete graphs have previously been shown to have a high connectivity, but their traffic capacity has not been considered. This letter gives expressions for traffic capacity and blocking probability from which a preferred routing strategy is deduced.
Fast-switching twisted nematic electro-optical shutter and colour filter
- Author(s): E.P. Raynes and I.A. Shanks
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 114 –115
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740088
- Type: Article
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p.
114
–115
(2)
We report a method for operating twisted nematic devices with rapid turnoff times by using a nematic material with variable dielectric anisotropy. These are useful as fast shutters and colour switches, and can be operated at a 25 Hz repetition rate.
Electron dynamics in short-channel InP field-effect transistors
- Author(s): T.J. Maloney and J. Frey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 115 –116
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740089
- Type: Article
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–116
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The transient response of electrons to a high field in InP has been calculated by a Monte Carlo method. The results are compared with previously published results for GaAs, and used to indicate the performance that may be obtained in InP and GaAs microwave f.e.t.s.
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