Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 1, Issue 8, October 1965
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Volume 1 (1965)
Volume 1, Issue 8
October 1965
Surface-oriented Gunn-effect oscillator
- Author(s): C.A.P. Foxell ; J.G. Summers ; K. Wilson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, page: 217 –217
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650197
- Type: Article
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217
(1)
Coherent Gunn-effect oscillations at 3 Gc/s have been observed between coplanar contacts, with a 30 μm separation, on the surface of an epitaxial n-type GaAs wafer. By using this structure the difficulty of preparing thin GaAs wafers necessary for conventional Gunn-effect devices has been avoided; it should be possible to generate frequencies greater than 30 Gc/s using existing photolithographic processes.
Effect of load conductance on the selectivity of notch filters
- Author(s): K.L. Su
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, p. 217 –219
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650198
- Type: Article
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–219
(3)
It has been found that notch filters using hyperbolically shaped RC lines have less fluctuations in selectivity due to load than those using exponentially shaped lines; the latter, in turn, fluctuate less than those using trigonometric lines. The longer a hyperbolic line is, the less it is affected by the load.
Stability of control systems with time delay
- Author(s): S.N. Rao and M.D. Srinath
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, page: 219 –219
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650199
- Type: Article
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219
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To find the approximate stability limit on the forward gain in control systems with small time delay, this note suggests approximating the exponential in the characteristic equation by the first few terms of its series and using the Routh–Hurwitz criterion. This approximation avoids all the time-consuming graphical work and gives a somewhat pessimistic maximum bound for the gain constant.
Touch display—a novel input/output device for computers
- Author(s): E.A. Johnson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, p. 219 –220
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650200
- Type: Article
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–220
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A novel input/output device for computer systems has wires, sensitive to the touch of a finger, on the face of a cathode-ray tube on which information can be written by the computer. This device, the ‘touch display’, provides a very efficient coupling between man and machine.
Online digital prediction and control of the output of a linear time-varying system
- Author(s): R.F. Brown
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, p. 220 –221
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650201
- Type: Article
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–221
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The system time-varying weighting function is approximated by a grid of sample estimates. Criteria are given for specifying the sample spacing in each dimension and for predicting the sample estimates at the next sampling instant. The criteria are based on maximum sample smoothness, subject to a prescribed signal/noise ratio at the system output.
Adaptive optimally switched control system using digital techniques
- Author(s): P.A.V. Thomas and R.J. Rayzak
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, p. 221 –222
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650202
- Type: Article
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–222
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This letter describes work currently being carried out in the field of adaptive optimally switched control systems using digital techniques. Basically the actual phase-plane trajectory of a second-order system is compared with the optimum trajectory, to obtain the correct switching point for minimum response time. A novel method is used to avoid measurement or computation of error rate, and some conclusions are given.
Self-balancing microwave comparison radiometer
- Author(s): H.S. Oranc and E.D.R. Shearman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, p. 222 –224
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650203
- Type: Article
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–224
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A 3cm radiometer evolved from Allred's 3 Mc/s system is described. The sum and difference of the voltages from an aerial and a controllable noise source are formed in a magic-T hybrid and correlated. The correlator output, which is zero only for equal aerial and reference powers, is used to adjust the reference to equality. Lunar-eclipse observations are described.
Characteristics of silicon transistors
- Author(s): E.A. Faulkner and J.C.G. Dawnay
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, p. 224 –225
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650204
- Type: Article
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–225
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The d.c. and low-frequency a.c. characteristics of a number of silicon transistors have been measured over a collector-current range of 10 μA–1 mA. The variations of d.c. and a.c. current gain, input resistance and mutual conductance with collector current are described by simple equations.
P.C.M. encoder and decoder using permanent-storage magnetostrictive delay lines
- Author(s): A.M. Rosie
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, page: 225 –225
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650205
- Type: Article
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It is shown how a permanent-storage magnetostrictive delay line previously described can be used to instrument relatively simple encoders and decoders for pulse-code-modulation systems.
Optimum-sensitivity active RC bandpass filter
- Author(s): L.P. Huelsman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, page: 226 –226
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650206
- Type: Article
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226
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A realisation is given for a 2-pole bandpass filter that requires only resistors and capacitors as passive elements and a negative-immittance convertor as an active element. The realisation uses fewer components than other realisations, is optimally insensitive to variations in the gain of the negative-immittance convertor and provides for independent adjustment of both the resonant frequency and the Qfactor of the circuit.
Experimental 1 kW c.w. helix travelling-wave tube for 5–10 Gc/s
- Author(s): F. Wray and J.R. Dawsay
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, p. 226 –227
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650207
- Type: Article
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–227
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A helix travelling-wave tube which was built to demonstrate the advantage of using beryllium-oxide ceramic as the supporting medium for wideband slow-wave structures is described. This experimental tube, designed to operate over the 5–10 Gc/s octave, has given a power output greater than 1 kW c.w.
Generalised transfer function of injection-type transistor
- Author(s): A.B. Góral
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, p. 228 –229
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650208
- Type: Article
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228
–229
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The transfer function of an injection-type transistor is derived for arbitrary driving conditions as well as signal level. The derivation is based on the generalised charge-control approach to nonparametric devices advanced previously by the author.
High-frequency pulse rise in slightly detuned synchronous single-circuit amplifiers
- Author(s): A.K. Smolinski
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, p. 229 –231
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650209
- Type: Article
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–231
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The note contains the computation of the envelope, phase angle and instantaneous frequency response of a high-frequency signal, modulated by a unit step, applied to the input of a multistage synchronous single-circuit amplifier. The general formulas and numerical results obtained by the use of a digital computer are given for the case of detuning the resonance frequency of the amplifier from the signal frequency by the halfbandwidth of the halfpower points.
Noise-measuring method
- Author(s): J.M. Diamond
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, page: 231 –231
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650210
- Type: Article
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231
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A noise-measuring method based on the use of a calibrated noise generator and an output meter with a special scale is described. The method eliminates the effect of noise contributions occurring in the circuits following the device under test.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for the realisation of a Foster form by transformation methods
- Author(s): L.P. Huelsman and R.T. Stefani
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, p. 231 –232
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650211
- Type: Article
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–232
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The use of normal co-ordinate transformations to realise driving-point functions is discussed. It is shown that suitable constraints may be placed on the transformation matrix, so that the resulting network is in the form of a Foster realisation. The discussion is extended to include a necessary condition for the transformation matrix that must be used to realise the driving-point function in a Cauer form.
Reverse recovery and rectification effeciency of a p–n junction diode simulated by an analogue model
- Author(s): W. Wunderlin and M.J.O. Strutt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, p. 232 –234
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650212
- Type: Article
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–234
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A method of simulating the large-signal transient response of p–n junction diodes by means of an RC analogue network is presented. Simulated and computed results for the storage time and the rectification efficiency of a halfwave rectifier with an ohmic load are shown.
Microwave pulse compression utilising an yttrium-iron-garnet delay line
- Author(s): J.H. Collins and G.G. Neilson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, page: 234 –234
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650213
- Type: Article
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Experiments on the compression of linear frequency-modulated S band pulses in an axially magnetised yttrium-iron-garnet rod are reported. The specimen was operated at room temperature in the magnetoelastic one-port delay mode. Time compression by a factor of 72 has been achieved with a 1 μs input pulse frequency-modulated by 125 Mc/s.
Comparison of three methods of multivariable-system identification using p.r.b.s.
- Author(s): B.J. Williams
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, page: 235 –235
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650214
- Type: Article
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235
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Three methods are used to identify the weighting function of two simulated second-order systems whose outputs are combined. The mean and r.m.s. errors between actual and calculated ordinates are found, and a comparison is made.
Ion/electron-beam parametric amplifiers
- Author(s): R.H.C. Newton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, p. 236 –237
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650215
- Type: Article
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236
–237
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Recent experiments with positive-ion beams suggest that an ion–electron beam, consisting of an electron beam superimposed on an ion beam, such that the two beams have different drift velocities, is realisable. A five-frequency parametric amplifier using an ion–electron beam is proposed.
Scattering by nearly polished surfaces of X-ray and visible radiation
- Author(s): C.C. Eaglesfield
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, p. 237 –238
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650216
- Type: Article
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237
–238
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It is shown that a highly polished surface seems to scatter X-rays in an inverse-square manner. Another example of such scattering, of visible radiation, is a plated surface such as imperfect tinplate.
Computer-aided design of single- and two-variable analogue function generators
- Author(s): R.J. Golding and K.C. Garner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, p. 238 –239
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650217
- Type: Article
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238
–239
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Values for the resistances shunting sections of tapped potentiometers are rapidly computed from simple data using two alternative digital-computer programs which provide potentiometer-network designs, having a specified accuracy, for arbitrary monotonic and nonmonotonic functions.
Further remarks on the transfer matrix of a linear dynamic system
- Author(s): H.H. Rosenbrock
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, p. 239 –240
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650218
- Type: Article
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–240
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Transients in saturable reactors
- Author(s): D. Schieber
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, page: 240 –240
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650219
- Type: Article
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240
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Some interesting experimental results pertaining to magnetic-amplifier transients are reported, which seem to change present concepts on this subject.
p–n junction diodes as millimetre-wave detectors
- Author(s): D. Walsh and K. Pearson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, p. 240 –241
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650220
- Type: Article
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240
–241
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Microwave power-measuring devices using p–n junction diodes are described. The devices operate at 8, 4 and 2mm and have advantages over point-contact diodes and thermistors in that they are both mechanically stable and fast-operating.
Power relationships in the acoustic amplifier
- Author(s): L. Solymar and E.A. Nash
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, p. 241 –242
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650221
- Type: Article
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–242
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It is shown that, in spite of linearity assumptions, the theory of the acoustic amplifier leads to correct relationships between the a.c. power quantities, and the balance between them is not dependent on the particular form adopted for the equation of motion of the carriers.
Low-current operation of silicon planar transistors
- Author(s): A.R. Owens and J.M. Jones
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 8, p. 242 –243
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650222
- Type: Article
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The characteristics of current gain and transconductance are discussed for silicon planar transistors for collector currents ranging from 10−11 to 10−3A, and it is shown that useful gain may be obtained at collector currents of 10−7A or lower. This information can be used to design d.c. amplifiers with very low standing input currents, or alternatively to design complex multitransistor equipments with very low (< 1mA) battery drain, permitting extended operation in unattended or remote situations.
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