Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 1, Issue 7, September 1965
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Volume 1 (1965)
Volume 1, Issue 7
September 1965
Resolution of X ray microscopy by hologram
- Author(s): C.C. Eaglesfield
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 181 –182
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650167
- Type: Article
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p.
181
–182
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It is shown that, in the more recent forms of holography, the diameter of the reference point replaces the diameter of the source as a limit on the resolution. Unless a new way is found of reducing the diameter, previous estimates of the resolution (5000 Å, say) still apply.
Measurement of small changes in resistance in the environment of a nuclear reactor
- Author(s): M.M. Ramsay and J.C. Price
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 182 –183
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650168
- Type: Article
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p.
182
–183
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A method is described for measuring small resistance changes in microminiature circuits while these are subjected to neutron irradiation from an atomic reactor. Sensitivities of a few parts per million have been achieved.
Thin-wire loop antennas
- Author(s): M. Boella ; C. Cugiani ; A. Villa ; R. Zich
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 183 –184
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650169
- Type: Article
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p.
183
–184
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An experimental investigation on the impedance and radiation characteristics of thin-wire loop antennas is described. Impedance plots and radiation patterns are presented, showing a wide range of characteristic impedances and a capability of producing nearly isotropic radiation patterns.
Riccati form of the wave equation
- Author(s): G. Millington
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 184 –185
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650170
- Type: Article
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p.
184
–185
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The use of the Riccati form of the wave equation is discussed with reference to the reflection coefficients of atmospheric ayers. The basic principles are established for vertical incidence and can be readily extended to more general cases and analogous problems in other fields, including transmission-line and waveguide theory.
Thermal drift of m.o.s. devices
- Author(s): G. Giralt ; B. Andre ; J. Simonne ; D. Esteve
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 185 –186
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650171
- Type: Article
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p.
185
–186
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Experimental results concerning the temperature dependence of an m.o.s. field-effect transistor are presented. These results show a striking linear dependence of the temperature coefficient on the gate voltage. Comparison between experiment and simplified theory gives rise to many problems of validity of the theory.
Dyadic Green's function for magnetic current source in compressible anisotropic plasma
- Author(s): H.C. Chen and D.K Cheng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 186 –187
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650172
- Type: Article
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p.
186
–187
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By making use of the recently formulated compressivity tensor for anisotropic and compressible media, the dyadic Green's function for a magnetic current source in such media is derived. A new dyadic operator is defined, which makes possible the expression of the Green's function in a concise form.
Subjective quality of television pictures with multiple impairments
- Author(s): N.W. Lewis and J.W. Allnatt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 187 –188
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650173
- Type: Article
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p.
187
–188
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An empirical formula is proposed for predicting the subjective quality of television pictures degraded by two or more impairments simultaneously, given the quality grading for each impairment separately. The formula leads to a further proposal for transforming subjective-impairment magnitudes into summable impairment units termed ‘imps’.
Domain stability in the Gunn effect
- Author(s): J.E. Carroll
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 189 –190
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650174
- Type: Article
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p.
189
–190
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The present theoretical and experimental knowledge of the high-field domain in the Gunn effect gives conflicting result. The letter shows that these can be reconciled by a modification to the published reasoning about domain formation.
Further notes on delayed versions of linear binary sequences
- Author(s): A.C. Davies
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 190 –191
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650175
- Type: Article
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p.
190
–191
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Delayed versions of linear binary sequences can be generated by linear logic. The required logic may be determined by circuits which perform polynomial division, and this makes possible the sequential generation of all delayed versions.
Production of p–n junctions with bulk controlled characteristics
- Author(s): K.A. Maddex and M.R.P. Young
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 191 –192
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650176
- Type: Article
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–192
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Two methods of eliminating surface effects so that microplasma breakdown of p–n junctions can be observed are described, and their limitations are discussed. The first, applicable to diffused junctions, increases the space-charge-layer width, while the second reduces the applied voltage at the periphery of alloyed structures.
New calibration method for large aerial arrays
- Author(s): M. Morimoto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 192 –193
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650177
- Type: Article
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p.
192
–193
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A method for adjusting large multielement, aerial arrays is described. Calibrating signals are transmitted to the array elements in each direction in turn along a ring transmission line. With this procedure, gain and phase shift can be compared between elements without determining the length or attenuation of the calibration-signal feeder.
Modes of propagation in a bounded compressible plasma
- Author(s): J.R. Wait
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 193 –194
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650178
- Type: Article
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p.
193
–194
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The boundary condition which requires the vanishing of the normal component of electron velocity is shown to lead to results which are consistent with cold-plasma theory if the temperature is sufficiently low. This fact is demonstrated by examining the modes in a parallel-plate waveguide filled with compressible plasma.
New frequency-discriminator circuit
- Author(s): J. Willis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 194 –195
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650179
- Type: Article
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p.
194
–195
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This new frequency-discriminator circuit uses a single LC tuned circuit; setting up is minimal and the centre frequency is easily adjustable. The characteristic is linear for input-frequency deviations of 1% or more The maximum carrier frequency is limited to a few megacycles per second by the transistor feedback-amplifier techniques used.
Far-field polar patterns of a surface-wave array at 20 Mc/s
- Author(s): J.F. Ward
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 195 –196
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650180
- Type: Article
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p.
195
–196
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A large surface-wave interferometer array for the reception of long-range high-frequency signals has been described in the literature. The E and H plane polar patterns were measured initially by tethered-balloon methods at a range of 50 wavelengths. These results, which have been verified now by the use of an aircraft at a range of three miles, can explain the excellent operational performance of the array.
Multiwinding ideal transformers as multiport components
- Author(s): M. Erdei
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 197 –199
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650181
- Type: Article
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–199
(3)
It is known that a multiterminal or multiport component is fully characterised if its terminal graph and its terminal equations are given. In this letter the terminal representation of multiport ideal transformers is given.
Proof of the Manley–Rowe relations from quantum considerations
- Author(s): B.D. Anderson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, page: 199 –199
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650182
- Type: Article
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199
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A.C. response of a saturated ionisation chamber
- Author(s): G.C. Thomas
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 199 –200
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650183
- Type: Article
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p.
199
–200
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The small-signal impedance between the electrodes of an ionisation chamber is studied over a range of frequency and ionisation. The impedance is approximately that of an equivalent circuit which has one RC combination for each group of ions in the chamber. More accurate formulas are given. Experimental results support the theory.
Field-strength measurements in resonant cavities by perturbation theory
- Author(s): C. Scaglia
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 200 –201
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650184
- Type: Article
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p.
200
–201
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New theoretical aspects of Slater and Maier's method for field-strength measurements in resonant cavities, which is based on the resonance frequency shift caused by the insertion of small perturbing bodies, have been investigated. The possibility of using a small metallic ring is also considered.
End-fire array of virtual acoustic sources produced by the interaction of cylindrically spreading acoustic waves
- Author(s): H.O. Berktay and B.V. Smith
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, page: 202 –202
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650185
- Type: Article
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202
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An experimental study of the interaction between cylindrically spreading acoustic waves in water is described, and experimental results are given. The experimental results are compared with theoretical work separately published by one of the authors.
Additions to the z transform table
- Author(s): S.N. Rao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 202 –203
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650186
- Type: Article
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202
–203
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The ztransform method is a widely used tool for the analysis and synthesis of discrete systems. In this note a table of ztransform pairs when F(z) is an irrational function of z is given. The table is also useful for obtaining closed-form sums for some infinite series.
New active RC synthesis procedure using negative-impedance convertors
- Author(s): A. Antoniou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 203 –204
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650187
- Type: Article
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p.
203
–204
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A new network configuration is introduced which may be used in active RC network synthesis. It uses a voltage-controlled voltage amplifier having negative gain equal to unity and a voltage- or current-inversion negative-impedance convertor. A synthesis procedure is eventually described using the new configuration.
Selectivity of notch filters using nonuniform RC lines
- Author(s): K.L. Su
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 204 –206
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650188
- Type: Article
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p.
204
–206
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The notch selectivity of a notch filter is defined as the halfpower selectivity of a feedback amplifier with an open-loop gain of 40dB and the notch filter in its feedback circuit. Parameters of the exponential, the trigonometric, and the hyperbolic RC lines for different selectivities are given.
Simple analogue divider and multiplier
- Author(s): B.H. Brown
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, page: 206 –206
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650189
- Type: Article
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p.
206
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A method is described for the simple multiplication and division of two variable voltages. The method utilises the fact that the ratio of the voltages across the components of two identical RC circuits is a constant which is independent of the full voltages applied across the circuits.
Derivation of n-ports with prescribed insertion-loss characteristics from known two-ports
- Author(s): C.V. Shaffer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 206 –207
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650190
- Type: Article
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p.
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–207
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Simple procedures are presented for finding an n-port, and/or its immittance matrixes, having the same insertion-loss characteristics between every pair of ports, when a realisation is known for n = 2. Various types of symmetry are also defined for n-ports.
Excitation of surface modes along a semi-infinite dielectric cylinder
- Author(s): A.W. Snyder
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 208 –209
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650191
- Type: Article
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p.
208
–209
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Expressions for the amplitude and power of surface-waveguide modes excited by a plane wave along a semi-infinite dielectric cylinder are presented. Approximations for small dielectric differences are given, which result in a simple expression for the power of the modes. Application of these results to light propagating along the human retinal receptors is discussed.
Reduction of the number of states in incompletely specified sequential machines
- Author(s): Zvi Kohavi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 209 –210
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650192
- Type: Article
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–210
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In this note a method is presented for finding in a quick way the set of all maximal compatibles of an incompletely specified sequential machine. The basic tool is the modified merger diagram. The closed set of compatibles corresponds to the set of state of the new reduced machine.
Analysis of a varactor multiplier without idlers
- Author(s): F.A. Benson and W.F. Winder
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 210 –212
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650193
- Type: Article
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p.
210
–212
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A novel analysis of the large-signal operation of a lossy varactor diode coupling tuned circuits of finite Q factors is presented, and some preliminary results are given.
Base resistance in silicon planar transistors
- Author(s): M.J. Gay
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 212 –213
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650194
- Type: Article
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p.
212
–213
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An examination of the location of the base resistance in silicon planar transistors is followed by an explanation of its variation with current and frequency. It is shown, on the basis of a very simplified mathematical treatment, that at high frequencies the base resistance must be replaced by a complex impedance, the magnitude of which varies inversely as the square root of frequency. Experimental results supporting this conclusion are given, and some of the implications are pointed out.
Current distribution on a two-arm thin-wire planar equiangular spiral antenna
- Author(s): S.R. Laxpati and R. Mittra
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, p. 213 –215
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650195
- Type: Article
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p.
213
–215
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The findings of a recent investigation on the planar equiangular spiral antenna are summarised. A theoretical analysis is given, which is found to he in good agreement with measured data.
Further remarks on boundary conditions of plasma models in a bounded region
- Author(s): S.W. Lee ; C. Liang ; Y.T. Lo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 7, page: 215 –215
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650196
- Type: Article
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p.
215
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The field solutions for a parallel-plate waveguide filled with warm plasma in the zero-temperature limit are examined in detail. The results show that a complete consistency of these solutions with those for the cold plasma cannot be obtained.
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