Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 1, Issue 6, August 1965
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Volume 1 (1965)
Volume 1, Issue 6
August 1965
Submillimetre-wavelength measurement of solar radiation
- Author(s): R.A. Williams and W.S.C. Chang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, page: 149 –149
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650138
- Type: Article
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p.
149
(1)
The results are given of a preliminary analysis of the data obtained from the measurement of the submillimetre-wave length solar radiation at Kitt Peak Observatory using an interference spectrometer which was built at The Ohio State University Antenna Laboratory.
Enhancement of delay spectra in single-crystal yttrium-iron garnet by polycrystalline samples
- Author(s): J.H. Collins and B. Yazgan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, p. 149 –150
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650139
- Type: Article
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–150
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S band experiments are reported on spin-acoustic delay modes in single-crystal yttrium-iron-garnet disc and rod specimens loaded with polycrystalline-hybrid garnet specimens in the form of discs and rings. Significant modifications of the d.c. internal-field distribution then take place, leading usually to a double-branch behaviour in the delay/field characteristics for a ring-loaded rod. Artificially increasing the thickness of axially magnetised discs leads to the induction of an axial delay mode.
Reduction of magnetic-field fluctuations by an inductive feedback system
- Author(s): M. Abignoli
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, p. 150 –151
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650140
- Type: Article
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150
–151
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A sensing coil is used to detect the magnetic-field fluctuation, and a pair of Helmholtz coils is used to create an opposing field to reduce this fluctuation to a minimum. The Helmholtz-field inhomogeneity in the sensing-coil area sets a limit to the accuracy of the experiment.
Velocity modulation of a supersonic stream of gas—the acoustiklystron
- Author(s): R.B. Dyott
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, p. 151 –152
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650141
- Type: Article
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151
–152
(2)
The concept of bunching an electron beam by modulating the velocity of the electrons as, for instance, in the klystron is carried over to a supersonic stream of gas. Periodic modulation of the stream velocity produces pressure variations downstream, resulting in a local rise in gas temperature and electrical conductivity, possibly useful in an m.h.d. generator.
Spontaneous radiation-emission fluctuations of gas discharges and their measurement using a suitable radiation detector
- Author(s): W. Gubler and M.J.O. Strutt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, p. 152 –153
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650142
- Type: Article
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152
–153
(2)
The equations describing the spontaneous fluctuations of photon radiation are given by Bose–Einstein statistics. These equations are applied to calculate the statistical fluctuations of photon radiation emitted by a nonhomogeneous plasma. By using a photodetector, the radiation fluctuations are transformed into corresponding output-current fluctuations. The detector must have special properties of sensitivity, noise, frequency response and transmission characteristics. The InSb photodetector described here has the required properties.
Solution of nonlinear time-variant systems with random inputs
- Author(s): R.A. Senior and Z.J. Jelonek
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, p. 154 –155
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650143
- Type: Article
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154
–155
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The adjoint method of analysis and Booton's equivalent-gain technique for nonlinearities can be combined, using a successive-approximation method, to analyse nonlinear time-varying systems where the input is random. The solution is performed on an analogue computer. Logic control of the computer speeds the calculation.
Comment: Ultralinear negative resistance using two complementary junction transistors
- Author(s): B.R. Myers and A.H. Marshak
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, page: 155 –155
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650144
- Type: Article
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155
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Harmonic generation using an electrodeless discharge
- Author(s): F.A. Benson ; R.A. Cooke ; R. Holmes
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, p. 155 –156
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650145
- Type: Article
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155
–156
(2)
A microwave harmonic generator using a plasma as the nonlinear element has been investigated. Fundamental power at 9.5 Gc/s was coupled into the plasma, contained in a Pyrex discharge vessel, via a waveguide post. The effects of varying several parameters of the device on the harmonic output have been studied.
Design of tunable combline filters of near-constant bandwidth
- Author(s): W.L. Jones
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, p. 156 –158
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650146
- Type: Article
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156
–158
(3)
A method is described of designing a combline filter which may be tuned over a frequency range without appreciable change in bandwidth.
Monopulse combining network
- Author(s): S. Cornbleet
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, page: 158 –158
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650147
- Type: Article
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158
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A compact eight-port junction has been designed, which acts as a four-way inphase power divider in a transmitting mode and as a monopulse sum and difference combining hybrid in the receiving mode.
Parametric amplification of magnetostatic, magnetoelastic and acoustic waves for microwave delay at room temperature
- Author(s): L.F. Donaghey and F.A. Olson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, p. 158 –160
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650148
- Type: Article
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158
–160
(3)
This letter describes enhanced microwave delay by parametric amplification of magnetostatic, magnetoelastic and acoustic waves. The observations were made at room temperature in single-crystal yttrium-iron garnet (y.i.g.) at 1 Gc/s, and display low pump-power threshold for all three effects and 40dB electronic gain for acoustic-wave amplification.
Complex cascade programming and associated computional errors
- Author(s): J.B. Knowles and R. Edwards
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, p. 160 –161
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650149
- Type: Article
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160
–161
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A technique is described which enables a pulsed transfer function with complex poles and zeros to be cascade-programmed. Owing to the finite wordlength of the computer, computational errors arise when the realisation is used to process information. These can be represented in the steady state by a set of spurious error sequences additively contaminating the output of an ideal realisation. The shaping filters relating these error sequences to simple roundoff errors are derived.
Elimination of input current in a differential d.c. amplifier
- Author(s): W.J. Norman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, p. 161 –162
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650150
- Type: Article
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161
–162
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An economical circuit is described in which p–n–p transistors are used to compensate for the input base current of a long-tailed-pair differential d.c. amplifier using n–p–n dual transistors.
Transfer function of an active a.c. phase-advance network
- Author(s): D.R. Wilson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, p. 162 –163
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650151
- Type: Article
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p.
162
–163
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The transfer function of an a.c. phase-advance demodulating compensating network is shown to be described by a biquadratic transfer function. The null point in the frequency characteristic is shown to be related to the reference-carrier excitation, thus allowing the network to be automatically tuned to the carrier frequency of an a.c. servomechanism.
Detection of recurrent signals in noise by phosphorescent memory
- Author(s): J.N. Aubrun
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, p. 163 –164
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650152
- Type: Article
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p.
163
–164
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The mean values of all parts of a recurrent signal are simultaneously obtained by a synchronous recording on a circular phosphorescent tape, and continuously read at the same frequency by a photosensitive system. A significant noise reduction is obtained.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of the spontaneous fluctuations of the infrared radiation of a high-current high-pressure argon discharge
- Author(s): W. Gubler and M.J.O. Strutt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, p. 164 –165
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650153
- Type: Article
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164
–165
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The plasma of a stationary argon arc discharge at high pressure was used as a radiation source. By measuring and calculating the continuous photon radiation, it is possible to determine the temperature distribution in the plasma. Owing to the high temperatures as well as the sufficient optical thickness in the infrared spectral range, determination of the fluctuation factors is made possible. The agreement between measured and calculated factors is good. Instabilities in the plasma have been considered and eliminated in the experimental procedure.
Lossless time-varying impedance synthesis
- Author(s): D.A. Spaulding
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, p. 165 –167
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650154
- Type: Article
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165
–167
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Finite n-port networks are characterised in terms of their impulse responses. The properties of passivity and losslessness are used to specify the form of the impulse response and to give a synthesis using time-varying transformers and time-invariant inductors, capacitors and gyrators.
Frequency response of a lumped delay line having frequency-dependent series resistance
- Author(s): A.R. Owens and E.W. Roberts
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, page: 167 –167
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650155
- Type: Article
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167
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A method is described for obtaining the theoretical frequency response of a lumped delay line having inductors with frequency-dependent series resistance. Good agreement is obtained with experimental results.
Practical stability criterion for tunnel-diode circuits
- Author(s): M.K. McPhun
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, p. 167 –168
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650156
- Type: Article
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p.
167
–168
(2)
A stability criterion for tunnel-diode circuits is described, which requires only plots of modulus of reflection coefficient versus frequency. The criterion is derived intuitively.
Modulation of a helium-neon laser by the light of a helium discharge
- Author(s): J.F. Delpech
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, p. 168 –169
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650157
- Type: Article
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p.
168
–169
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A method of modulating laser intensity by optical action on the population mechanism of the upper level is given. Experiments have been made with a helium-neon laser using the 3s2–3p4 transition of neon (3.39 μm line).
Regeneration of poisoned bariated-nickel cathodes by heating in hydrogen
- Author(s): A.H.W. Beck and C.E. Maloney
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, p. 169 –170
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650158
- Type: Article
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169
–170
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Some new experimental results on the activation of bariated-nickel cathodes in hydrogen are reported. The results indicate that activation in dry hydrogen has many advantages over activation in vacuum.
Estimate of the electron density in a plasma after-glow from a study of electromagnetic scattering
- Author(s): A.R. Jones and E.R. Wooding
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, page: 171 –171
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650159
- Type: Article
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171
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The decay of electron density in an argon-plasma afterglow has been determined by analysis of the scattering of microwave radiation. The results are applicable to overdense plasmas and are in good agreement with a short-wavelength cutoff measurement; they lead to a reasonable value of the ambipolar diffusion coefficient.
High-frequency phase detector
- Author(s): S. Tesic
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, p. 171 –173
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650160
- Type: Article
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171
–173
(3)
A phase detector of high sensitivity and stability is described. This detector is designed for 30 Mc/s operation. Both the reference voltage and the control of the phase of the signal voltage are obtained by means of very simple transistorised circuits.
Transistorised lightning-flash counter
- Author(s): R.A. Barham
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, page: 173 –173
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650161
- Type: Article
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173
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A transistorised lightning-flash counter has been devised to operate with a low-voltage battery and with a preset sensitivity. The frequency response and range are similar to those of the widely used Pierce-type counter, with a 5V/m threshold.
Fused logic element which learns by example
- Author(s): I. Aleksander
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, p. 173 –174
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650162
- Type: Article
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173
–174
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A simple transistor circuit suitable for adaptive-logic experiments is described. Its operation depends on the fusing of links in signal pathways, which are selected by subjecting the device to the correct logical operation. Its application to an adaptable two-bit code translator is described.
Microwave measurement of resistivity
- Author(s): M.R.E. Bichara
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, p. 174 –175
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650163
- Type: Article
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p.
174
–175
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A mathematical description is given of the possible use of pulse modulation of millimetre e.m. waves for extending the range and flexibility of a previously described method for the simultaneous measurement of resistivity and thickness of germanium epitaxial layers.
Proposed microwave delay lines for pulse-compression radar
- Author(s): P.J.B. Clarricoats ; C.D. Hannaford ; A.K. Bunn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, p. 175 –176
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650164
- Type: Article
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–176
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The letter discusses some properties of dispersive delay lines suitable for use in pulse-compression radar systems with pulse bandwidth of up to 600 Mc/s. The lines employ the backward-wave mode of propagation in dielectric-loaded waveguide.
Power spectra and power distributions of random binary f.m. signals with premodulation shaping
- Author(s): Tjeng T. Tjhung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, p. 176 –178
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650165
- Type: Article
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176
–178
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The radiated spectrum of an f.m. transmitter modulated with a contiguous sequence of pulses with randomly alternating sign has recently been published for the case of rectangular pulse shape. The theory has now been extended to the cases of triangular and cosine-square shaping before modulation. The results show the quantitative effect of pulse shaping as a function of the amount of frequency deviation. Analytical expressions for the spectrum density and some numerical evaluations for density and power distribution are presented.
C.W. X and K band radiation from GaAs epitaxial layers
- Author(s): C. Hilsum ; K.C.H. Smith ; B.C. Taylor ; J.R. Knight
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 6, page: 178 –178
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650166
- Type: Article
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It has been shown previously that fields of 3000 V/cm applied to GaAs sam generate microwave oscillations. This letter describes experiments with epitaxial GaAs layers 13 μm thick. These have been operated c.w., with applied voltages less than 9V, and have generated fundamental frequencies near 12 Gc/s, with additional frequencies near 15, 19 and 23 Gc/s.
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