Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 1, Issue 3, May 1965
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Volume 1 (1965)
Volume 1, Issue 3
May 1965
New relay correlation method
- Author(s): R.E. Bogner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 3, p. 53 –54
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650051
- Type: Article
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–54
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A system of relay multiplication for correlation purposes is described. It has the property that all the amplitude information in one of the input signals is preserved, while the output tends to the true value of the correlation, independent of the input distribution.
Influence of collisions on whistler propagation
- Author(s): P. Hedvall and L. Sjögren
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 3, p. 54 –55
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650052
- Type: Article
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–55
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The dispersion characteristics of whistler waves propagating along a longitudinally magnetised and lossy plasma slab are numerically calculated. It is shown that, if the wavelength of the whistler waves is much smaller than the transverse dimensions of the plasma slab, a nonzero collision frequency can have a large influence on the dispersion characteristics; for such small wavelengths one should expect the whistler dispersion to be close to that of the corresponding plane waves, but this is, for certain parameter values, true only if the collision frequency is assumed to be nonzero.
Convergence of the E-H tuner
- Author(s): A.L. Cullen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 3, p. 55 –56
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650053
- Type: Article
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–56
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It is shown that if the two pistons of an E–H tuner are adjusted successively, convergence to a match is in general very slow. This is particularly true if the initial mismatch is small. A remedy is suggested.
Useful time-variable circuit-element equivalences
- Author(s): B.D. Anderson ; D.A. Spaulding ; R.W. Newcomb
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 3, p. 56 –57
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650054
- Type: Article
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–57
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Because time-variable circuit elements have properties not possessed by time-invariant ones, such as the ability to modulate or amplify with low noise, it is useful to have different ways of looking at them. Here we present general equivalences for time-variable inductors, capacitors, resistors and gyrators, using time-invariant elements and time-variable transformers, which allow various properties to be determined and interpreted on physical grounds.
Energy transport and the scattering matrix
- Author(s): H.J. Carlin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 3, p. 57 –58
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650055
- Type: Article
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p.
57
–58
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An energy-transport equation is obtained for the n-port scattering matrix of a general lossless anisotropic dispersive medium. This yields a theorem that in a lossless nonreciprocal 2-port the sum of the phase derivatives of the two transmission scattering coefficients must be nonnegative.
Algebra for (m, p) switching nets
- Author(s): E.V. Krishnamurthy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 3, p. 58 –59
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650056
- Type: Article
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–59
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This paper describes the manner in which the (m, p) switching-network configurations combine. It is shown that this logic (algebra) is isomorphic to the many-valued logic of Post. Application of this logic in designing error-free logic systems is indicated.
Hyperbolic RC transmission line
- Author(s): K.L. Su
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 3, p. 59 –60
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650057
- Type: Article
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59
–60
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The hyperbolic RC transmission line, defined by r = r0 sech2x and c = c0 cosh2x, is a new class of RC nonuniform line whose rc product is a constant. This line can be used to make quantitative comparisons of the performance of the three general shapes of nonuniform RC lines with a constant rc product.
Theoretical design of wideband waveguide circulators
- Author(s): J.B. Davies
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 3, p. 60 –61
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650058
- Type: Article
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60
–61
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This letter describes the procedure used in designing, by purely theoretical means, wideband waveguide 3-port circulators. An extension of earlier field analysis, together with the usual Polder expressions for ferrite permeability, enables a computer programme to give optimum wideband circulators for any size waveguide with any low-loss ferrite material. Experimental results are given of circulators so designed.
Delayed versions of maximal-length linear binary sequences
- Author(s): A.C. Davies
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 3, p. 61 –62
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650059
- Type: Article
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p.
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Any delayed version of a linear binary sequence can be obtained from a suitable linear combination of the outputs of the feedback shift register which generates the sequence. A simple method is given for calculating the linear combination required to give a specified delayed version. The method involves polynomial long division, and is not restricted to short sequences.
Fields of finite cylindrical coils
- Author(s): A.W. Snyder
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 3, p. 62 –63
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650060
- Type: Article
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–63
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A general solution for the d.c. fields of a finite cylindrical coil is derived, and simple formulas for their numerical computation are presented. These fields are then plotted, so that axial and radial variations may be observed for several length/radius ratios.
Modulation analysis of a.c. servosystems
- Author(s): D.G.O. Morris ; J.L. Douce ; K.H. Edwards
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 3, page: 63 –63
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650061
- Type: Article
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63
(1)
Guidance is given to sources of graphic and algebraic analyses for a.c. servosystems based on multiplicative and rotary modulation.
Absolute method of measuring the acceleration due to gravity using Doppler radar
- Author(s): I. Adlem ; R.C. Glass ; J.I. Missen ; J. Newton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 3, p. 63 –64
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650062
- Type: Article
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It is shown that by using a Doppler radar system the acceleration due to gravity can be measured in terms of the frequency of a microwave oscillator, the velocity of light and the number of Doppler cycles received in a known time. The block diagram of a simple radio-electronic system for making this measurement is described, and some preliminary results are given.
Temperature rise of pin diodes from X band pulses
- Author(s): W.J. Moroney and R.H. Brunton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 3, page: 65 –65
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650063
- Type: Article
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65
(1)
When pin microwave silicon switching diodes are subjected to high-power Xband pulses, the absorbed energy is not distributed uniformly. An apparent peak temperature delay is evidenced when using the junction forward-voltage characteristics as an indicator, and is explained by assuming a model with heat generation in the centre of the i region and the n–i and p–i junctions as sensors.
Nature of the electromagnetic field reflected from a coastline
- Author(s): J.R. Wait
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 3, p. 65 –66
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650064
- Type: Article
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65
–66
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In a recent publication, Millar considered the field variation near a coastline when an H- polarised plane wave is incident from the sea or land. He stated that disagreement exists between his results and those of Wait. In this communication, it is shown that Millar's conclusions are in error.
Useful approximation for the characteristic function of weakly fading signals
- Author(s): R. Esposito
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 3, p. 66 –67
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650065
- Type: Article
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–67
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A simple approximation is presented for the characteristic function of a signal subject to shallow fading. It is shown that the multiplicative perturbation due to the fading can be viewed as an additive noise due to a random component having an envelope distribution identical to a shifted version of the distribution representing the original fading process.
Low-disparity binary coding system
- Author(s): R.O. Carter
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 3, p. 67 –68
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650066
- Type: Article
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p.
67
–68
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The coding system described minimises the d.c. component in the transmitted binary signal by inverting characters when this will reduce the accumulated mark and space disparity. An added digit indicates when inversion has taken place. Conversion to and from unrestricted binary coding is relatively simple.
New subclass of negative-impedance convertors with improved gain-product sensitivities
- Author(s): B.R. Myers
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 3, p. 68 –70
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650067
- Type: Article
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–70
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A mathematical model which defines a new subclass of voltage-inversion negative-impedance convertors is presented. Functionally, the model is a dual of that from which Larky realised his well known current-inversion n.i.c. Three realisations of convertors in the new subclass are given, together with two new realisations of Larky's model. Each convertor in the new subclass exhibits an improvement in gain-product sensitivity by a factor of two compared with its Larky-type dual.
Table for the voltage transfer functions of single-amplifier double-ladder feedback systems
- Author(s): A.G.J. Holt and J.I. Sewell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 3, p. 70 –71
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650068
- Type: Article
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–71
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This letter presents a Z Y table from which the voltage transfer functions for multiple loop feedback systems using one operational amplifier may be written down. The table is given, together with a recurrence formula for the voltage transfer junction. Expressions are also given for the product terms arising from the table.
Approximate describing function for double-valued nonlinearities
- Author(s): L.E. McBride
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 3, page: 72 –72
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650069
- Type: Article
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72
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An approximate method for determining the describing function of a smooth double-valued nonlinearity is derived; the formula requires the values of the nonlinear function at only three input levels for symmetric nonlinear devices. The result is exact for third-order polynomials and should be sufficiently accurate for most practical problems.
Efficient encoding of facsimile using an adaptive technique
- Author(s): P. Bylanski
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 3, p. 72 –73
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650070
- Type: Article
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p.
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–73
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Two binary encoding schemes which lead to bandwidth and power saving are proposed. The binary source is encoded into digrams, which then undergo certain restrictions prior to transmission. Resultant ambiguity at the decoder is avoided by predictive feedback at the encoder. The specific examples proposed belong to a wide class of such adaptive encoding schemes.
Plane-wave spectrum representation of a field in a magnetoionic medium due to a plane distribution of source currents
- Author(s): C. Bates and R. Mittra
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 3, page: 74 –74
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650071
- Type: Article
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(1)
The fields due to a plane distribution of source currents are formulated, in terms of three-dimensional Fourier transforms, to yield equivalent results obtainable from a representation in terms of an angular spectrum of plane waves introduced by Clemmow. Certain difference in the present field expressions and those given by Clemmow in a recent paper are discussed.
High-frequency tunnel-diode oscillations using a new parallel-strip point-contact diode mount
- Author(s): M. Gerdine and F.S. Barnes
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 3, p. 75 –76
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650072
- Type: Article
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High-frequency oscillators have been constructed using point-contact tunnel diodes mounted in a specially designed parallel-strip mount. The reasonable output powers obtained, the small size and the high-frequency operation make the mount useful for a number of applications.
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