Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 1, Issue 10, December 1965
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Volume 1 (1965)
Volume 1, Issue 10
December 1965
New binary counter circuit
- Author(s): A. Richardson and R.C. Foss
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, page: 273 –273
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650247
- Type: Article
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p.
273
(1)
A new binary counter circuit is described. The relevance of the design to solid-circuit techniques is discussed, and the simplicity and performance of the circuit are compared with other binary counter circuits suitable for realisation in solid form.
Transistor input distortion and emitter degeneration
- Author(s): D.G. Daugherty
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, page: 274 –274
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650248
- Type: Article
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p.
274
(1)
In the design of class A transistor amplifiers it is desirable to be able to predict and control the amount of distortion produced by the nonlinearity of the transistor input characteristic. This note presents an extension of a previously published method, to include the effects of emitter degeneration. The result provides a convenient means of determining the degenerations required to reduce the second-harmonic distortion to a given level.
Determination of the electric conductivity of the seabed in shallow waters with varying conductivity profile
- Author(s): L. Brock-Nannestad
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, p. 274 –276
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650249
- Type: Article
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p.
274
–276
(3)
Assuming a natural electromagnetic field as signal source, various measuring techniques are discussed. It is shown that the measurement of horizontal magnetic-field components has some advantages, and a simple relationship between the conductivity of the seabed and the ratio of the magnetic component at the surface to that at the seabed is found.
Mechanism of heat loss from ferrite storage cores in still air
- Author(s): B.R. Hearn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, p. 276 –277
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650250
- Type: Article
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p.
276
–277
(2)
The thermal equivalent circuit of a core in a coincident current-storage plane depends only on the dimensions of the core and the wires. The circuit thermal impedances for a 0.050 in core are given. Temperature rises of different-sized cores of similar shape are compared, and thermal time constants are discussed.
Macroscopic characterisation of a two-fluid anisotropic warm plasma
- Author(s): D.K. Cheng and H.C. Chen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, p. 277 –278
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650251
- Type: Article
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p.
277
–278
(2)
Two ‘compressivity tensors’ are suggested, which, together with the permittivity tensor and the permeability, with characterise the macroscopic electromagnetic properties of an anisotropic warm plasma under the two-fluid model. A new set of four governing equations is formulated, which is both mathemathematically concise and amenable to meaningful physical interpretation.
Sensitivity of an eigenvalue to changes in the matrix
- Author(s): H.H. Rosenbrock
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, p. 278 –279
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650252
- Type: Article
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p.
278
–279
(2)
A formula is given for calculating the sensitivity of an eigenvalue to changes in the matrix.
Estimating the length of a compact function from a noisy measurement of the modulus of its Fourier transform
- Author(s): R.H.T. Bates
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, page: 279 –279
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650253
- Type: Article
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p.
279
(1)
Consider f, zero outside an interval of length L, and its Fourier transform F. It is known that, if arg F is unknown, L can be found from (a) the Fourier transform of |F|2 or (b) the Fourier transform of |F| exp(jϕ), where ϕ = Hilbert transfrom of In|F|. It appears that method (b) may be superior if |F| is measured in the presence of noise.
Azimuthal propagation in a nonuniform concentric cylindrical waveguide with application to the Earth–ionosphere waveguide
- Author(s): R.L. Gallawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, page: 280 –280
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650254
- Type: Article
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p.
280
(1)
The problem associated with propagation in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide under geometrically perturbed conditions may be handled using a method outlined earlier for the parallel-plate waveguide. In this communication, the details are outlined, based on a transformation due to Zucker and Cohn. The equations are in the form used by Wait in his treatment aimed at justifying the two-dimensional approach.
Cascade of simple commensurate uniformly distributed RC four-port unit elements
- Author(s): J.D. Rhodes
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, p. 281 –282
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650255
- Type: Article
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p.
281
–282
(2)
The simple commensurate U̅R̅C̅ four-port unit element is defined, and the transfer matrix for a cascade of these elements is derived. It is shown that certain terminal connections will produce a two-port network with two short-circuited admittance parameters (transfer and one driving-point) which are rational in the normalised U̅R̅C̅ complex frequency variable t = tanh √s. The real-frequency transfer response is investigated, and typical responses for networks containing two elements are presented.
Frequency-diversity performance of a ground surveillance radar
- Author(s): P.L. Waters
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, p. 282 –283
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650256
- Type: Article
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p.
282
–283
(2)
The results of flight trials are given which measure the improvement in detection reliability of a ground surveillance radar when the aircraft target is illuminated with two frequencies simultaneously. Reasonable agreement with theory is obtained.
Plasma densities and conductivities of semiconductor surfaces
- Author(s): H. Hartnagel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, p. 283 –285
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650257
- Type: Article
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p.
283
–285
(3)
Owing to charge in surface states, a curvature of the energy bands occurs near the surface inside a semiconductor. The shape of the curvature has been calculated, with the approximation that the impurities are fully ionised and the free-carrier distribution is nondegenerate. The results permit the calculation of the plasma-density distribution near the surface and the conductivity variation. It is shown that the conductivity varies to such an extent that bulk values cannot be taken for the computation of the microwave skin depth in semiconductors.
Propagation measurements at 11 Gc/s over a 35 km near optical path involving diffraction at two obstacles
- Author(s): A.J. Legg
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, p. 285 –286
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650258
- Type: Article
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p.
285
–286
(2)
Field-strength measurements using a receiving aerial of variable height show agreement with double-knife-edge diffraction theory, assuming that the effective diffracting height of trees is about 80% of the mean height.
Domain configurations in transferred-electron oscillators
- Author(s): P.N. Butcher and C. Hilsum
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, page: 286 –286
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650259
- Type: Article
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p.
286
(1)
An analysis is given of the field configuration of the drifting high-field domain in transferred-electron oscillators. It is shown that the field configuration is triangular in most samples used for microwave generation.
Short-wave radiation pattern emitted by a slab with a periodically modulated refractive index
- Author(s): A. Bramley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, page: 287 –287
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650260
- Type: Article
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p.
287
(1)
Comments are made on the radiation patterns predicted in the literature for a slab with a c.w. periodically modulated refractive index. A microwave system is described which should, generate bands of discrete lines in a limited range of frequencies in the millimetre or far-infrared regions.
Distortion in class a transistor amplifiers
- Author(s): E.A. Faulkner and J.C.G. Dawnay
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, p. 287 –288
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650261
- Type: Article
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p.
287
–288
(2)
Simple equations are developed for second-harmonic distortion in class A amplifiers, and experimental confirmation is given.
RC active networks
- Author(s): J. Gorski-Popiel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, p. 288 –289
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650262
- Type: Article
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p.
288
–289
(2)
RC active networks are described which use a voltage or current amplifier of gain larger than unity. The amplifiers are made to (a) produce a negative one-port immittance, and (b) provide isolation between separate stages of the network. This effectively gives RC active networks synthetised by the same methods, with the same performance as conventional ±RC networks, but having only half their number of active units.
Reply: Practical stability criterion for tunnel-diode circuits
- Author(s): M.K. McPhun
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, page: 289 –289
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650263
- Type: Article
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p.
289
(1)
In a reply to Bandler's criticisms of the stability criterion, it is confirmed that the criterion includes both bias and stabilising circuits. No exceptions to the criterion have been proved so far.
New criterion for feedback-shift-register connection
- Author(s): E. Wanke
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, page: 290 –290
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650264
- Type: Article
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p.
290
(1)
The purpose of the letter is to make known an original method for connecting several feedback shift registers (f.s.r.s) in a chain. A pseudorandom noise generator can be obtained with a constant spectrum of square-wave pulse length. While the linear f.s.r. gives an attenuation of 6 dB per step, an attenuation of 6 × 10−3 dB can be obtained in a chain of ten f.s.r.s over a wide range with the improved connection. The randomness is affected by internal similar subcycles; these can be avoided in various ways.
Slow-wave propagation in a nonuniform plasma
- Author(s): D.N. Pinder
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, page: 291 –291
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650265
- Type: Article
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p.
291
(1)
The propagation of electromagnetic waves along a coaxial line filled with three concentric dielectric annuli, one of which is a plasma possessing a nonuniform charge density, is considered. A variational technique is employed to find the dispersion curve for the lowestorder circularly symmetric slow wave which may propagate in the system.
New derivation of the equivalent noise generators of ideal p–n-junction and vacuum diodes
- Author(s): L. Scott
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, p. 292 –293
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650266
- Type: Article
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p.
292
–293
(2)
Noise is usually identified as either Johnson or shot noise in its nature. Since both types of noise are produced by nonuniform velocity distributions in charge-carrier plasmas, the average available noise-power spectral density is in both cases determined by the plasma temperature alone, p–n-junction and vacuum diodes are used to demonstrate this theory.
Comment on ‘Selectivity of notch filters using nonuniform RC lines’
- Author(s): M.J. Gay
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, page: 293 –293
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650267
- Type: Article
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p.
293
(1)
Relation between system parameters and response duration
- Author(s): V. Zakian
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, p. 293 –294
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650268
- Type: Article
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p.
293
–294
(2)
An explicit relation is found between the transient-response duration of linear time-invariant systems and the coefficients of their respective differential equations. The relation is based on a definition of response duration which is also applicable to some nonmonotonic responses.
Bridge phase modulator with great phase deviation
- Author(s): G. Cartianu and I. Beluşica
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, p. 294 –296
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650269
- Type: Article
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p.
294
–296
(3)
A bridge phase modulator is described, with an RLC circuit in one branch of the bridge, having the possibility of eliminating parasitic amplitude modulation. One can obtain with this modulator large phase deviation with good linearity. The phenomena in the quasisteady and dynamic states are analysed.
Current-switching half adder
- Author(s): S. Morelli and R. Stefanelli
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, page: 297 –297
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650270
- Type: Article
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p.
297
(1)
A new current-switching half adder is described; rise and fall times of about 3 ns have been obtained.
Frequency-modulated technique for the study of the Tonks-Dattner resonances
- Author(s): A.A. Cremin and M.C. Sexton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, p. 297 –298
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650271
- Type: Article
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p.
297
–298
(2)
A new method of observing the resonance spectrum of a plasma column irradiated by microwave energy is described. Using a frequency-swept backward-wave oscillator, the resonances are observed as a function of frequency under constant plasma conditions.
Feasibility of aerial-pattern determination by processing the near-field signal
- Author(s): J.R. Blakey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 10, p. 298 –299
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650272
- Type: Article
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p.
298
–299
(2)
A method is described in which aerial radiation patterns can be determined by suitably processing the near-field pattern. Design considerations are discussed, and it is concluded that the technique is most suitable for centimetric and shorter wavelengths.
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