Volumes & issues:
Volume 15, Issue 1
February 2004
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- Source: Computing and Control Engineering, Volume 15, Issue 1, page: 2 –2
- DOI: 10.1049/cce:20040110
- Type: Article
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- Source: Computing and Control Engineering, Volume 15, Issue 1, page: 3 –3
- DOI: 10.1049/cce:20040111
- Type: Article
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- Source: Computing and Control Engineering, Volume 15, Issue 1, p. 4 –7
- DOI: 10.1049/cce:20040112
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): M. Babb
- Source: Computing and Control Engineering, Volume 15, Issue 1, page: 8 –8
- DOI: 10.1049/cce:20040101
- Type: Article
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Ethernet is starting to replace the industrial fieldbuses that were developed in the 1990s. Not only that it's going after the domain reserved for high-speed fibre optic buses like SERCOS. There are now three proposals for real time Ethernet. Two are from German companies, Siemens and Beckhoff, and the third is from B&R Automation, based near Salzburg. We endeavor to give some idea of how these three real-time Ethernet proposals work. - Author(s): M. Babb
- Source: Computing and Control Engineering, Volume 15, Issue 1, p. 10 –11
- DOI: 10.1049/cce:20040102
- Type: Article
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Siemens A&D recently released the third version of PROFInet, which extends the network into motion control applications, called "isochronous real-time communication" or IRT, the new scheme allows jitter accuracy of one millisecond. PROFInet v3 involves some reengineering of standard Ethernet. All stations on a PROFInet v3 network, including the network nodes, must be precisely synchronized. For isochronous real-time Ethernet, the switches are synchronized to the communication cycle with accuracy in the sub-microsecond range. For Seimens and their partners, the key to deploying 'hard' real-time Ethernet is in the special IRT switches. - Author(s): A. Pfeiffer
- Source: Computing and Control Engineering, Volume 15, Issue 1, p. 12 –15
- DOI: 10.1049/cce:20040103
- Type: Article
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Current Ethernet standards promise transfer speeds of 100Megabits and more. This is significantly faster than established most of the field bus systems, and embedded network. Therefore Ethernet also seems to be a good choice for connecting industrial devices with real time requirements. With Ethernet, data communication can be delayed unpredictably. The reason for Ethernet's nondeterminism is its stochastic media access mechanism CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple access with collision detection). To achieve predictable timing on Ethernet network collision need to be avoided. Moving from shared Ethernet to a switched Ethernet seems to be a promising solution. Time slicing is a better method for predictable data communication via Ethernet with very short cycle times and precise timing. - Author(s): D. Jansen and H. Buttner
- Source: Computing and Control Engineering, Volume 15, Issue 1, p. 16 –21
- DOI: 10.1049/cce:20040104
- Type: Article
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The use of Ethernet as a physical communication layer for automation technology is increasing worldwide. Ethernet is already established at the command level for factory networking and inter-control communication. Ethernet at the field level has its problems. It is not optimized to send short, frequent messages. The commonly used star topology for switched Ethernet leads to excessive cabling and highly cascaded communication dependencies. The new system is called EtherCAT (Ethernet for control automation technology) and the system is very fast. From a Ethernet point of view, an EtherCAT bus is simply a single large Ethernet device that sends and receives Ethernet telegrams. - Author(s): R. Brooks ; J. Wilson ; R. Thorpe
- Source: Computing and Control Engineering, Volume 15, Issue 1, p. 22 –27
- DOI: 10.1049/cce:20040105
- Type: Article
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Geometric process control (GPC) combines the three key plant applications of process control, production control and alarm management. GPC improves all three applications which were previously quite separate as they lacked a unifying mathematical basis. The mathematical basis for the breakthrough is the use of n-dimensional geometry together with Inselberg's co-ordinate transformation that makes it possible to see a multivariable graph containing perhaps several hundred variables (such as flows, pressures, temperatures, and product qualities) and thousands of different observations in a single picture. - Author(s): D.W. Holley
- Source: Computing and Control Engineering, Volume 15, Issue 1, p. 28 –31
- DOI: 10.1049/cce:20040106
- Type: Article
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One of the most notable trends in manufacturing today is the desire to integrate real-time operating and equipment status data from field devices and measurement and control systems with enterprise-wide systems controlling overall plant production and asset management. OPC provides the key to this integration. OPC has emerged as the worldwide industry standard, enabling connectivity and interoperability of plant floor information between disparate fieldbus networks, programmable controllers, distributed control systems, condition monitoring, plant asset management, and production management systems. The OPC industry standard delivers the same connectivity and interoperability benefits to plant measurement, automation and condition monitoring systems that standard printer drivers brought to word processing. We discuss the maintenance and reliability applications of OPC. We also discuss about the OPC XML data access and its component object model (COM). - Author(s): D. Sandoz ; D. Lovett ; B. Lennox
- Source: Computing and Control Engineering, Volume 15, Issue 1, p. 32 –37
- DOI: 10.1049/cce:20040107
- Type: Article
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We describe about multivariate statistics techniques and exploit within a model-based predictive controller to provide a fully integrated approach to fault detection and isolation, inferential estimation, and model based predictive control . We also discuss intelligent process monitoring. Multivariate statistics technology can detect sensor faults and reconstruct sensor measurement. The PLS model can identify fault in plant and correctly isolate cause of the fault. - Author(s): L. Reynolds
- Source: Computing and Control Engineering, Volume 15, Issue 1, p. 38 –43
- DOI: 10.1049/cce:20040108
- Type: Article
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The water industry in the UK has become one of the most efficient and technically advanced in the world, through its use of telemetry and SCADA systems for remote monitoring and process control. Extensive deployment of telemetry and local automation has enabled significant reductions in manpower costs and been one of the most significant drivers of increased operational efficiency. Telemetry systems have the potential to provide data to support a wide range of business planning functions such as energy management and asset condition management. - Author(s): S. Mustard and S. Harrison
- Source: Computing and Control Engineering, Volume 15, Issue 1, p. 44 –47
- DOI: 10.1049/cce:20040109
- Type: Article
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Remote Telemetry Units (RTUs) were initially designed to monitor critical signals and raise alarms over very low bandwidth (typically 300 baud) links to a central location. The signals for monitoring were hardwired to the RTU inputs and the entire unit was highly proprietary in its design. As communications bandwidth increased the demands on RTUs increased. At the same time, standard packages became available to process this data and along with it some standardisation of features. The arrival of the Internet had a significant impact on all aspects of business and this included telemetry. The explosion of the Internet, mobile communications and IP has seen the wide range of off-the-shelf equipment appear and vendors such as Cisco become almost household names overnight. The broad consumer acceptance of mobile handsets and networking equipment has forced vendors to standardise and provide easy to understand configuration capabilities. - Source: Computing and Control Engineering, Volume 15, Issue 1, page: 48 –48
- DOI: 10.1049/cce:20040113
- Type: Article
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Editorial comment
Product news
News
The race for real-time Ethernet
The future of industrial communictions technology: Switched Ethernet
Making real-time Ethernet a reality
Real-time Ethernet: the EtherCAT solution
Geometry unifies process control, production control and alarm management
Understanding and using OPC for maintenance and reliability applications
Integrated approach [multivariate statistics process control]
Developments in control in the water industry
Future requirements for remote telemetry units
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