© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Inspired by the anisotropy of the rice leaf surface, high-speed wire electrical discharge machining (HS-WEDM) technology was used to build submillimetre-scale structures on the 304 stainless steel surfaces, and fluorination treatment was applied on the resulting surfaces. The wettability and microstructure of the resulting surfaces were investigated by a large depth 3D scanner, scanning electron microscopy and by the contact angle measuring instrument. The durability of the fabricated surface was evaluated by wear tests. Results show that the V-shaped groove arrays with a hierarchical structure on the processed surfaces are built by HS-WEDM. After the fluorination treatment, the as-machined surfaces show good one-direction superhydrophobicity and the obvious two-direction (the parallel and perpendicular groove directions) anisotropic wettability. The effect of the size of the V-shaped groove on the two-direction anisotropy is discussed. The wear tests show that the one-direction superhydrophobicity and the two-direction anisotropic sliding properties of the stainless steel surfaces are still exhibited after the tests. Fabricating rough surfaces by HS-WEDM is efficient and does not require complex process operation and large area three-dimensional features. This method can realise industrial production.
References
-
-
1)
-
R.N. Wenzel
.
Resistance of solid surfaces to wetting by water.
Ind. Eng. Chem.
,
988 -
994
-
2)
-
16. Wu, S.Z., Wu, D., Yao, J., et al: ‘One-step preparation of regular micropearl arrays for two-direction controllable anisotropic wetting’, Langmuir, 2010, 26, (14), pp. 12012–12016 (doi: 10.1021/la1015753).
-
3)
-
11. Ralf, S., Martin, B., Edward, J.K., et al: ‘Wetting morphologies at microstructured surfaces’, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 2005, 102, (6), pp. 1848–1852 (doi: 10.1073/pnas.0407721102).
-
4)
-
20. Wu, H., Zhang, R., Sun, Y., et al: ‘Biomimetic nanofiber patterns with controlled wettability’, Soft Mat., 2008, 4, pp. 2429–2433 (doi: 10.1039/b805570j).
-
5)
-
14. Zhao, Y., Lu, Q.H., Li, M., et al: ‘Anisotropic wetting characteristics on submicrometer-scale periodic grooved surface’, Langmuir, 2007, 23, (11), pp. 6212–6217 (doi: 10.1021/la0702077).
-
6)
-
7. Gau, H.: ‘Liquid morphologies on structured surfaces: from microchannels to microchips’, Science, 1999, 283, (5398), pp. 46–49 (doi: 10.1126/science.283.5398.46).
-
7)
-
B. Bhushan ,
E.K. Her
.
Fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces with high and low adhesion inspired from rose petal.
Langmuir
,
8207 -
8217
-
8)
-
21. Zheng, Y.M., Gao, X.F., Jiang, L.: ‘Directional adhesion of super-hydrophobic butterfly wings’, Soft Mat., 2007, 3, (2), pp. 178–182 (doi: 10.1039/b612667g).
-
9)
-
26. Bae, W.G., Song, K.Y., Rahmawan, Y., et al: ‘One-step process for superhydrophobic metallic surfaces by wire electrical discharge machining’, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces., 2012, 4, (7), pp. 3685–3691 (doi: 10.1021/am3007802).
-
10)
-
A.B.D. Cassie ,
S. Baxter
.
Wettability of porous surfaces.
Trans. Faraday Soc.
,
546 -
551
-
11)
-
22. Yang, X.L., Song, J.L., Xu, W.J., et al: ‘Anisotropic sliding of multiple-level biomimetic rice-leaf surfaces on aluminium substrates’, Micro Nano Lett., 2013, 8, (11), pp. 801–804 (doi: 10.1049/mnl.2013.0531).
-
12)
-
19. Xia, D.Y., He, X., Jiang, Y.B., et al: ‘Tailoring anisotropic wetting properties on submicrometer-scale periodic grooved surfaces’, Langmuir, 2010, 26, (4), pp. 2700–2706 (doi: 10.1021/la904505n).
-
13)
-
2. Gao, X., Yan, X., Yao, X., et al: ‘The dry-style antifogging properties of mosquito compound eyes and artificial analogues prepared by soft lithography’, Adv. Mater., 2007, 19, (17), pp. 2213–2217 (doi: 10.1002/adma.200601946).
-
14)
-
17. Wu, S.Z., Wang, J.N., Niu, L.G., et al: ‘Reversible switching between isotropic and anisotropic wetting by one-direction curvature tuning on flexible superhydrophobic surfaces’, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2011, 98, (8), pp. 81902–81904 (doi: 10.1063/1.3556585).
-
15)
-
12. Morita, M., Koga, T., Otsuka, H., et al: ‘Macroscopic-wetting anisotropy on the line-patterned surface of fluoroalkylsilane monolayers’, Langmuir, 2005, 21, (3), pp. 911–918 (doi: 10.1021/la0485172).
-
16)
-
L. Feng ,
S.H. Li ,
Y.S. Li
.
Super-hydrophobic surfaces: from natural to artificial.
Adv. Mater.
,
1857 -
1860
-
17)
-
8. Xu, Q.F., Wang, J.N., Smith, I.H., et al: ‘Directing the transportation of a water droplet on a patterned superhydrophobic surface’, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2008, 93, (23), pp. 233112 (doi: 10.1063/1.3039874).
-
18)
-
D. Wu ,
J.N. Wang ,
S.Z. Wu
.
Three-level biomimetic rice-leaf surfaces with controllable anisotropic sliding.
Adv. Funct. Mater.
,
2927 -
2932
-
19)
-
27. Huang, C.A., Shih, C.L., Li, K.C., et al: ‘The surface alloying behavior of martensitic stainless steel cut with wire electrical discharge machine’, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2006, 252, pp. 2915–2926 (doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.04.035).
-
20)
-
L. Feng ,
Y.A. Zhang ,
J.M. Xi
.
Petal effect: a superhydrophobic state with high adhesive force.
Langmuir
,
4114 -
4119
-
21)
-
15. Wu, D., Chen, Q.D., Yao, J., et al: ‘A simple strategy to realize biomimetic surfaces with controlled anisotropic wetting’, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2010, 96, (5), p. 053704 (doi: 10.1063/1.3297881).
-
22)
-
10. Higgins, A.M., Jones, R.A.L.: ‘Anisotropic spinodal dewetting as a route to self-assembly of patterned surfaces’, Nature, 2000, 404, (6777), pp. 476–478 (doi: 10.1038/35006597).
-
23)
-
13. Sommers, A.D., Jacobi, A.M.: ‘Creating micro-scale surface topology to achieve anisotropic wettability on an aluminum surface’, J. Micromech. Microeng., 2006, 16, (8), pp. 1571–1578 (doi: 10.1088/0960-1317/16/8/018).
-
24)
-
24. Verho, T., Bower, C., Andrew, P., et al: ‘Mechanically durable super-hydrophobic surfaces’, Adv. Mater., 2011, 23, (5), pp. 673–678 (doi: 10.1002/adma.201003129).
-
25)
-
5. Feng, L., Zhang, Y.A., Li, M.Z., et al: ‘The structural color of red rose petals and their duplicates’, Langmuir, 2010, 26, (18), pp. 14885–14888 (doi: 10.1021/la102406u).
-
26)
-
18. Xia, D., Brueck, S.R.: ‘Strongly anisotropic wetting on one-dimensional nanopatterned surfaces’, Nano Lett., 2008, 8, (9), pp. 2819–2824 (doi: 10.1021/nl801394w).
-
27)
-
27. Ho, K.H., Newman, S.T.: ‘State of the art electrical discharge machining (EDM)’, Int. J. Mach. Tool Manuf., 2003, 43, (13), pp. 1287–1300 (doi: 10.1016/S0890-6955(03)00162-7).
-
28)
-
X.F. Gao ,
L. Jiang
.
Water-repellent legs of water striders.
Nature
-
29)
-
9. Zhao, B., Moore, J.S., Beebe, D.J.: ‘Surface-directed liquid flow inside microchannels’, Science, 2001, 291, (5506), pp. 1023–1026 (doi: 10.1126/science.291.5506.1023).
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/mnl.2014.0275
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/mnl.2014.0275
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6