© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Iron oxide-filled multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Fe2O3@MWCNTs) composite particles were produced by a mild and superior physical absorption method using molten Fe(NO3)3·9H2O as the precursor. Characterisation of Fe2O3@MWCNTs composite particles was performed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed a large number of hematite phase Fe2O3 were uniformly filled in the MWCNTs, and the mass fraction of Fe2O3 was about 25.8 wt%. Furthermore, in the presence of 10 wt% Fe2O3@MWCNTs composite particles, the peak temperature of the high-temperature decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) decreased by 116°C, the peak of the low-temperature decomposition disappeared and the amount of AP heat released was increased about 200 kJ/mol.
References
-
-
1)
-
53. Rudloff, W.K., Freeman, E.S.: ‘Catalytic effect of metal oxides on thermal decomposition reactions. II. Catalytic effect of metal oxides on the thermal decomposition of potassium chlorate and potassium perchlorate as detected by thermal analysis methods’, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, (18), pp. 3317–3324 (doi: 10.1021/j100712a002).
-
2)
-
R.H. Baughman ,
A.A. Zakhidov ,
W.A. DeHeer
.
Carbon nanotubes – the route toward applications.
Science
,
787 -
792
-
3)
-
31. Kim, H., Sigmund, W.: ‘Iron particles in carbon nanotubes’, Carbon, 2005, 43, (8), pp. 1743–1748 (doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.02.019).
-
4)
-
10. Dong, X., Zhang, Z., Jin, S., et al: ‘Characterization of Fe–Ni (C) nanocapsules synthesized by arc discharge in methane’, J. Mater. Res., 1999, 14, (5), pp. 1782–1790 (doi: 10.1557/JMR.1999.0240).
-
5)
-
24. Seraphin, S., Zhou, D., Jiao, J.: ‘Filling the carbon nanocages’, J. Appl. Phys., 1996, 80, (4), pp. 2097–2104 (doi: 10.1063/1.363102).
-
6)
-
J.A. Misewich ,
R. Martel ,
Ph. Avouris ,
J.C. Tsang ,
S. Heinze ,
J. Tersoff
.
Electrically induced optical emission from a carbon nanotube FET.
Science
-
7)
-
50. Devi, T.G., Kannan, M.P., Hema, B.: ‘Thermal decomposition of cubic ammonium perchlorate – the effect of barium doping’, Thermochim. Acta, 1996, 285, (2), pp. 269–276 (doi: 10.1016/0040-6031(96)02912-7).
-
8)
-
9. Collins, P.G., Zettl, A., Bando, H., Thess, A., Smalley, R.: ‘Nanotube nanodevice’, Science, 1997, 278, (5335), pp. 100–102 (doi: 10.1126/science.278.5335.100).
-
9)
-
28. Huo, J., Song, H., Chen, X.: ‘Preparation of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles by co-carbonization of aromatic heavy oil and ferrocene’, Carbon, 2004, 42, (15), pp. 3177–3182 (doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.08.007).
-
10)
-
38. Preckel, R.F.: ‘Plateau ballistics in nitrocellulose propellants’, AIAA J., 1965, 3, (2), pp. 346–347 (doi: 10.2514/3.2852).
-
11)
-
37. Jorge, J., Flahaut, E., Gonzalez-Jimenez, F., et al: ‘Preparation and characterization of Α-Fe nanowires located inside double wall carbon nanotubes’, Chem. Phys. Lett., 2008, 457, (4), pp. 347–351 (doi: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.04.019).
-
12)
-
30. Liu, S., Wehmschulte, R.J.: ‘A novel hybrid of carbon nanotubes/iron nanoparticles: iron-filled nodule-containing carbon nanotubes’, Carbon, 2005, 43, (7), pp. 1550–1555 (doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.02.002).
-
13)
-
48. Yun, Z., Zhou, Z.: ‘Thermal analysis kinetics data processing’, Chin. J. Explosives Propellants, 1983, (2), pp. 24–35.
-
14)
-
26. Hang, B.T., Hayashi, H., Yoon, S.-H., Okada, S., Yamaki, J.: ‘Fe2O3-filled carbon nanotubes as a negative electrode for an Fe–air battery’, J. Power Sources, 2008, 178, (1), pp. 393–401 (doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.12.012).
-
15)
-
11. Zhang, Z., Zheng, J., Skorvanek, I., et al: ‘Shell/core structure and magnetic properties of carbon-coated Fe-Co (C) nanocapsules’, J. Phys., Condens. Matter, 2001, 13, (9), p. 1921 (doi: 10.1088/0953-8984/13/9/314).
-
16)
-
46. Duan, G., Yang, X., Chen, J., Huang, G., Lu, L., Wang, X.: ‘The catalytic effect of nanosized MgO on the decomposition of ammonium perchlorate’, Powder Technol., 2007, 172, (1), pp. 27–29 (doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2006.10.038).
-
17)
-
I. Mönch ,
A. Meye ,
A. Leonhardt
.
Ferromagnetic filled carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles: synthesis and lipid-mediated delivery into human tumor cells.
J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
,
276 -
278
-
18)
-
2. Shusser, M., Culick, F.E.C., Cohen, N.S.: ‘Combustion response of ammonium perchlorate composite propellants’, J. Propuls. Power, 2002, 18, (5), pp. 1093–1100 (doi: 10.2514/2.6039).
-
19)
-
39. Shukla, M.K., Leszczynski, J.: ‘A density functional theory study on the effect of shape and size on the ionization potential and electron affinity of different carbon nanostructures’, Chem. Phys. Lett., 2006, 428, (4–6), pp. 317–320 (doi: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.06.108).
-
20)
-
43. Tilmaciu, C.-M., Soula, B., Galibert, A.-M., et al: ‘Synthesis of superparamagnetic iron(III) oxide nanowires in double-walled carbon nanotubes’, Chem. Commun., 2009, 2009, (43), pp. 6664–6666 (doi: 10.1039/b909035e).
-
21)
-
14. Yu, F., Wang, J.N., Sheng, Z.M., Su, L.F.: ‘Synthesis of carbon-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles by spray pyrolysis of iron carbonyl and ethanol’, Carbon, 2005, 43, pp. 3018–3021 (doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.06.008).
-
22)
-
49. Cui, P., Li, F., Zhou, J., Jiang, W., Yang, Y.: ‘Preparation of Cu/CNTs composite particles and thermal decomposition behavior of ammonium perchlorate’, J. Inorganic Mater., 2006, 21, (2), pp. 303–308.
-
23)
-
42. Tan, F., Fan, X., Zhang, G., Zhang, F.: ‘Coating and filling of carbon nanotubes with homogeneous magnetic nanoparticles’, Mater. Lett., 2007, 61, (8–9), pp. 1805–1808 (doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2006.07.163).
-
24)
-
17. Vigolo, B., Pénicaud, A., Coulon, C., et al: ‘Macroscopic fibers and ribbons of oriented carbon nanotubes’, Science, 2000, 290, (5495), pp. 1331–1334 (doi: 10.1126/science.290.5495.1331).
-
25)
-
7. Cui, P., Li, F., Zhou, J., Jiang, W.: ‘Preparation of Cu/Cnt composite particles and catalytic performance on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate’, Propellants Explosives Pyrotech., 2006, 31, (6), pp. 452–455 (doi: 10.1002/prep.200600061).
-
26)
-
J. Kong ,
N.R. Franklin ,
C. Zhou
.
Nanotube molecular wires as chemical sensors.
Science
,
622 -
625
-
27)
-
35. Borowiak-Palen, E., Mendoza, E., Bachmatiuk, A., et al: ‘Iron filled single-wall carbon nanotubes – a novel ferromagnetic medium’, Chem. Phys. Lett., 2006, 421, (1–3), pp. 129–133 (doi: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.01.072).
-
28)
-
27. Wu, W., Zhu, Z., Liu, Z., Xie, Y., Zhang, J., Hu, T.: ‘Preparation of carbon-encapsulated iron carbide nanoparticles by an explosion method’, Carbon, 2003, 41, (2), pp. 317–321 (doi: 10.1016/S0008-6223(02)00292-0).
-
29)
-
51. Liu, Z., Yin, C., Kong, Y., Zhao, F., Luo, Y., Xiang, H.: ‘The thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate’, Energetic Mater., 2000, 8, (2), pp. 75–79.
-
30)
-
3. Jacobs, P.W.M., Whitehead, H.M.: ‘Decomposition and combustion of ammonium perchlorate’, Chem. Rev., 1969, 69, (4), pp. 551–590 (doi: 10.1021/cr60260a005).
-
31)
-
1. Jiang, W., Liu, J., Liu, Y., Cui, P., Li, F.: ‘Preparation of Fe2O3/CNTs composites and its catalysis on thermal decomposition of AP’, J. Solid Rocket Technol., 2008, 31, (1), pp. 65–68,78.
-
32)
-
41. Mench, M., Yeh, C., Kuo, K.: ‘Propellant burning rate enhancement and thermal behavior of ultra-fine aluminum powders (Alex)’, Energetic Materials: Production, Processing and Characterization, Proc. 29th International Conf. of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, 1998, pp. 30–31.
-
33)
-
8. Pascual, J., Mendez, J., Gomez-Herrero, J., et al: ‘Properties of metallic nanowires: from conductance quantization to localization’, Science, 1995, 267, (5205), pp. 1793–1795 (doi: 10.1126/science.267.5205.1793).
-
34)
-
S.A. Majetich ,
J.O. Artman ,
M.E. McHenry ,
N.T. Nuhfer ,
S.W. Staley
.
Preparation and properties of carbon-coated magnetic nanocrystallites.
Phys. Rev. B
,
16845 -
16848
-
35)
-
S.Y. Chou ,
M.S. Wei ,
P.R. Kraus
.
Single-domain magnetic pillar array of 35 nm diameter and 65 Gbits/in.2 density for ultrahigh density quantum magnetic storage.
J. Appl. Phys.
,
6673 -
6675
-
36)
-
19. Ebbesen, T.W.: ‘Carbon nanotubes’, Phys. Today, 1996, 49, (6), pp. 26–35 (doi: 10.1063/1.881603).
-
37)
-
4. Fitzgerald, R.P., Brewster, M.Q.: ‘Flame and surface structure of laminate propellants with coarse and fine ammonium perchlorate’, Combust. Flame, 2004, 136, (3), pp. 313–326 (doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2003.10.008).
-
38)
-
A. Bachtold ,
P. Hadley ,
T. Nakanishi ,
C. Dekker
.
Logic circuits with carbon nanotube transistors.
Science
,
1317 -
1320
-
39)
-
13. Bubke, K., Gnewuch, H., Hempstead, M., Hammer, J., Green, M.L.: ‘Optical anisotropy of dispersed carbon nanotubes induced by an electric field’, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1997, 71, (14), pp. 1906–1908 (doi: 10.1063/1.119976).
-
40)
-
44. Liu, Z., Li, X., Liu, Z., Lu, J.: ‘Synthesis and catalytic behaviors of cobalt nanocrystals with special morphologies’, Powder Technol., 2009, 189, (3), pp. 514–519 (doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2008.08.003).
-
41)
-
32. Müller, C., Hampel, S., Elefant, D., et al: ‘Iron filled carbon nanotubes grown on substrates with thin metal layers and their magnetic properties’, Carbon, 2006, 44, (9), pp. 1746–1753 (doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.12.036).
-
42)
-
54. Yin, C., Liu, Z., Kong, Y., Zhao, F., Luo, Y.: ‘The catalyzed decomposition of ammonium perchlorate’. 10th National Symp. on Chemical Thermodynamics and Thermal Analysis, , 2000.
-
43)
-
23. Scott, J.H.J., Majetich, S.A.: ‘Morphology, structure, and growth of nanoparticles produced in a carbon arc’, Phys. Rev. B, 1995, 52, (17), p. 12564 (doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.52.12564).
-
44)
-
21. Okuyama, F., Hayashi, T., Fujimoto, Y.: ‘Formation of carbon nanotubes and their filling with metallic fibers on ion-emitting field anodes’, J. Appl. Phys., 1998, 84, (3), pp. 1626–1631 (doi: 10.1063/1.368232).
-
45)
-
47. Wang, B., Feng, Z., Yang, R.: ‘Theory on combustion of explosives and propellants’ (Beijing Institute of Technology Press, 1997).
-
46)
-
6. Ma, Z., Li, F., Chen, A., Bai, H.: ‘Preparation and thermal decomposition behavior of Fe2O3/ammonium perchlorate composite nanoparticles’, Acta Chim. Sinica, 2004, 62, (13), pp. 1252–1255.
-
47)
-
34. Jain, D., Wilhelm, R.: ‘An easy way to produce α-iron filled multiwalled carbon nanotubes’, Carbon, 2007, 45, (3), pp. 602–606 (doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2006.10.012).
-
48)
-
45. Chaturvedi, S., Dave, P.N.: ‘A review on the use of nanometals as catalysts for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate’, J. Saudi Chem. Soc., 2013, 17, (2), pp. 135–149 (doi: 10.1016/j.jscs.2011.05.009).
-
49)
-
14. Liu, C., Fan, Y., Liu, M., Cong, H., Cheng, H., Dresselhaus, M.S.: ‘Hydrogen storage in single-walled carbon nanotubes at room temperature’, Science, 1999, 286, (5442), pp. 1127–1129 (doi: 10.1126/science.286.5442.1127).
-
50)
-
M.C. Schnitzler ,
M.M. Oliveira ,
D. Ugarte ,
A.J.G. Zarbin
.
One-step route to iron oxide-filled carbon nanotubes and bucky-onions based on the pyrolysis of organometallic precursors.
Chem. Phys. Lett.
,
541 -
548
-
51)
-
5. Liu, J., Li, F., Chen, A., Yang, Y., Ma, Z.: ‘Preparation of Fe2O3 nanoparticles and its catalytic effect on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP)’, J. Propuls. Technol., 2006, 27, (4), pp. 381–384.
-
52)
-
33. Huo, J., Song, H., Chen, X., Lian, W.: ‘Formation and transformation of carbon-encapsulated iron carbide/iron nanorods’, Carbon, 2006, 44, (13), pp. 2849–2852 (doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2006.06.016).
-
53)
-
52. Li, N., Geng, Z., Cao, M., et al: ‘Well-dispersed ultrafine MN3O4 nanoparticles on graphene as a promising catalyst for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate’, Carbon, 2013, 54, pp. 124–132 (doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.11.009).
-
54)
-
12. Zhang, Z., Yu, J., Zheng, J., et al: ‘Structure and magnetic properties of boron-oxide-coated Fe(B) nanocapsules prepared by arc discharge in diborane’, Phys. Rev. B, 2001, 64, (2), p. 024404 (doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.024404).
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/mnl.2014.0263
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/mnl.2014.0263
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6